Untitled - School of Natural Sciences
... Planck length (10 –33 centimeter), quantum principles imply that spacetime itself should be a seething foam, similar to the sea of virtual particles that fills empty space. When matter and spacetime are so protean, what do the equations of general relativity predict? The answer is that the equations ...
... Planck length (10 –33 centimeter), quantum principles imply that spacetime itself should be a seething foam, similar to the sea of virtual particles that fills empty space. When matter and spacetime are so protean, what do the equations of general relativity predict? The answer is that the equations ...
Ioan Muntean - International Society for the Advanced Study of
... nuce. It is not only a simplified string theory, but also a mechanism used later in string theory to add dimensions that capture interactions other than gravity. It is usually considered the conceptual starting point of string theory because it provides an answer to how the universe might have more ...
... nuce. It is not only a simplified string theory, but also a mechanism used later in string theory to add dimensions that capture interactions other than gravity. It is usually considered the conceptual starting point of string theory because it provides an answer to how the universe might have more ...
ASTRONOMY 5
... size. Thus, the Universe cannot get arbitrarily dense at early times because particles cannot get that close together. String theory calculations indicate that the smoothing scale is large enough to tame the wild quantum fluctuations in spacetime at the Planck time. The Planck time is intercepted by ...
... size. Thus, the Universe cannot get arbitrarily dense at early times because particles cannot get that close together. String theory calculations indicate that the smoothing scale is large enough to tame the wild quantum fluctuations in spacetime at the Planck time. The Planck time is intercepted by ...
fundamental_reality\Black hole war
... Strings have entropy. The presence of a photon represents one single bit of information. As more energy is pumped into the photon, it becomes a string with thermal jitters. The tangle of the string is too complicated to describe in detail, but a rough description is possible. This is the “hidden inf ...
... Strings have entropy. The presence of a photon represents one single bit of information. As more energy is pumped into the photon, it becomes a string with thermal jitters. The tangle of the string is too complicated to describe in detail, but a rough description is possible. This is the “hidden inf ...
The Dimensions of M
... to the spacetime coordinates of a string, from the point of view of the conformal field theory living on the string worldvolume. This means that the additional fields are fermionic, so that the particle spectrum can potentially include all observable particles. In addition, the lowest energy level o ...
... to the spacetime coordinates of a string, from the point of view of the conformal field theory living on the string worldvolume. This means that the additional fields are fermionic, so that the particle spectrum can potentially include all observable particles. In addition, the lowest energy level o ...
Gravity, Particle Physics and Their Unification 1 Introduction
... The fact that black holes are thermal objects raises very interesting and very important theoretical puzzles. Solving these puzzles is one of the challenges of a theory of quantum gravity. We are used to the fact that when we encounter a thermal object we can explain its temperature as arising from ...
... The fact that black holes are thermal objects raises very interesting and very important theoretical puzzles. Solving these puzzles is one of the challenges of a theory of quantum gravity. We are used to the fact that when we encounter a thermal object we can explain its temperature as arising from ...
A unique theory of all forces 1 The Standard Model and Unification
... In order to be able to answer the previous question that has puzzled for more than ten years string theorists, we must step back for a second, go back to field theory and see if it is conceivable there that two theories, that are very different when we study them order by order in their respective p ...
... In order to be able to answer the previous question that has puzzled for more than ten years string theorists, we must step back for a second, go back to field theory and see if it is conceivable there that two theories, that are very different when we study them order by order in their respective p ...
Solving quantum field theories via curved spacetimes
... In a CFT, the most important physical observables are correlation functions of local operators. A two-point correlation function, for example, is a suitable average over all field configurations of a product of operators at two separated points. In a theory of phase transitions, correlation function ...
... In a CFT, the most important physical observables are correlation functions of local operators. A two-point correlation function, for example, is a suitable average over all field configurations of a product of operators at two separated points. In a theory of phase transitions, correlation function ...
text - Physics Department, Princeton University
... Einstein’s special theory of relativity describes how space and time are interdependent. While relativity theory may seem a bit exotic, its main slogans are well-known: ‘Nothing can travel faster than light.’ ‘Time is not absolute but relative: a space-traveling twin stays younger than the brother w ...
... Einstein’s special theory of relativity describes how space and time are interdependent. While relativity theory may seem a bit exotic, its main slogans are well-known: ‘Nothing can travel faster than light.’ ‘Time is not absolute but relative: a space-traveling twin stays younger than the brother w ...
The validity of the scientific method in modern physics
... These upcoming ideas are circulating by two distincted relativity, agrees with insights in quantum gravity and groups, String theory and cosmology theorists. These has passed many non-trivial checks of its internal unprovable hypotheses of string theory and multiverse consistency. are completely dif ...
... These upcoming ideas are circulating by two distincted relativity, agrees with insights in quantum gravity and groups, String theory and cosmology theorists. These has passed many non-trivial checks of its internal unprovable hypotheses of string theory and multiverse consistency. are completely dif ...
What black holes teach about strongly coupled particles
... a (d + 1)-dimensional spacetime has an equivalent description in terms of a theory that can roughly be thought of as living on the spacetime’s d-dimensional boundary. The holographic principle was motivated by results obtained when physicists applied the rules of quantum mechanics to black holes, wh ...
... a (d + 1)-dimensional spacetime has an equivalent description in terms of a theory that can roughly be thought of as living on the spacetime’s d-dimensional boundary. The holographic principle was motivated by results obtained when physicists applied the rules of quantum mechanics to black holes, wh ...
Gregory Moore - Rutgers Physics
... Later, Moore & Witten explained in greater detail how these new invariants are related to the invariants of Donaldson. And Marino, Moore, and Peradze used the existence of N=2 superconformal fixed points to predict new results in the topology of four-manifolds. ...
... Later, Moore & Witten explained in greater detail how these new invariants are related to the invariants of Donaldson. And Marino, Moore, and Peradze used the existence of N=2 superconformal fixed points to predict new results in the topology of four-manifolds. ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
... At the beginning of the 19th century there was a crisis in physics ,because new phenomena where been discovered which violate the laws of physics, that means the law of conservation of energy for example madam curie refine radium. Radium has a magical properties energy comes from nothing ,this viola ...
... At the beginning of the 19th century there was a crisis in physics ,because new phenomena where been discovered which violate the laws of physics, that means the law of conservation of energy for example madam curie refine radium. Radium has a magical properties energy comes from nothing ,this viola ...
UNSTRUNG
... microgeometry that makes them invisible. (Think of a garden hose: from a distance it looks onedimensional, like a line; up close, however, it can be seen to have a second dimension, curled up into a little circle.) The assumption of hidden dimensions struck some physicists as extravagant. To others, ...
... microgeometry that makes them invisible. (Think of a garden hose: from a distance it looks onedimensional, like a line; up close, however, it can be seen to have a second dimension, curled up into a little circle.) The assumption of hidden dimensions struck some physicists as extravagant. To others, ...
The dangers of non-empirical confirmation
... The reason only empirical evidence can grant “confirmation” in the common sense of the word, is crucial and important: we all tend to be blinded by our beliefs. We pile up non-empirical arguments in support these. The historical success of science is grounded in the readiness to give up beloved beli ...
... The reason only empirical evidence can grant “confirmation” in the common sense of the word, is crucial and important: we all tend to be blinded by our beliefs. We pile up non-empirical arguments in support these. The historical success of science is grounded in the readiness to give up beloved beli ...
ADVENTURES IN PHYSICS AND MATH Edward Witten From a
... Harvard, Sidney Coleman, proved to be important. He was a legendary figure for his insights about quantum field theory, and was the only one of the physicists I have mentioned who was actively interested in strong coupling behavior of quantum fields. The others appeared to regard such questions as a ...
... Harvard, Sidney Coleman, proved to be important. He was a legendary figure for his insights about quantum field theory, and was the only one of the physicists I have mentioned who was actively interested in strong coupling behavior of quantum fields. The others appeared to regard such questions as a ...
Adiabatic condition - CReaTE - Canterbury Christ Church University
... • The heterotic gravity regulator is generic in dimension, and avoids black hole formation and related information paradoxes. ...
... • The heterotic gravity regulator is generic in dimension, and avoids black hole formation and related information paradoxes. ...
“Superstring theory” syndrome
... Although I have criticized the superstring theory stringently in the above, it is certainly an interesting attempt. M. Green and J. Schwarz, who had deligently worked in it for the recent several years during which almost nobody showed interest on their work and then led it to the today’s bloom, are ...
... Although I have criticized the superstring theory stringently in the above, it is certainly an interesting attempt. M. Green and J. Schwarz, who had deligently worked in it for the recent several years during which almost nobody showed interest on their work and then led it to the today’s bloom, are ...
The String Theory Landscape
... of a single, larger theory – only one consistent theory of quantum gravity? 4. Many important insights into black holes, other issues in quantum gravity, field theory (e.g. examples of exact duality between electricity and magnetism). ...
... of a single, larger theory – only one consistent theory of quantum gravity? 4. Many important insights into black holes, other issues in quantum gravity, field theory (e.g. examples of exact duality between electricity and magnetism). ...
String Theory
... • The extra dimensions are hidden a la Kaluza, Klein theory (1921) • Supersymmetry is there but broken (somehow) • The fact that these aren’t observed at current scales is in no sense a theoretical problem, the natural scale for such things would be the string scale ie. around the plank scale. • If ...
... • The extra dimensions are hidden a la Kaluza, Klein theory (1921) • Supersymmetry is there but broken (somehow) • The fact that these aren’t observed at current scales is in no sense a theoretical problem, the natural scale for such things would be the string scale ie. around the plank scale. • If ...
string theory.
... • Gauge theory plasmas satisfy ordinary quantum mechanics, pure states to pure states, so black holes must as well -- the information escapes with the Hawking radiation. Locality must break down radically; not so surprising in a holographic theory, but the details still not understood. ...
... • Gauge theory plasmas satisfy ordinary quantum mechanics, pure states to pure states, so black holes must as well -- the information escapes with the Hawking radiation. Locality must break down radically; not so surprising in a holographic theory, but the details still not understood. ...
AlumniDay_IOP_2 - Princeton University
... • Quantum dynamics at high energy must run into quantum gravity – but all attempts at point particle QFT of gravity have failed (non-renormalizable) • String theory is the only dynamical framework that meets this challenge. It is also the most natural generalization of point particle dynamics. • It ...
... • Quantum dynamics at high energy must run into quantum gravity – but all attempts at point particle QFT of gravity have failed (non-renormalizable) • String theory is the only dynamical framework that meets this challenge. It is also the most natural generalization of point particle dynamics. • It ...
Gregory Moore - Rutgers Physics
... satisfy a system of integral equations formally identical to Zamolodchikov’s Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz One of many relations to integrable systems… ...
... satisfy a system of integral equations formally identical to Zamolodchikov’s Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz One of many relations to integrable systems… ...
pdf file - UC Davis Particle Theory
... “The Trouble with Physics – the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next” ...
... “The Trouble with Physics – the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next” ...
by Margaret L. Silbar
... to fix the various parameters. They nonetheless contained a precise mathematical statement about the structure of the scattering. The statement, known as duality, is similar to the hypothesis that the existence of any one particle can be ...
... to fix the various parameters. They nonetheless contained a precise mathematical statement about the structure of the scattering. The statement, known as duality, is similar to the hypothesis that the existence of any one particle can be ...
String theory
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other. On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string looks just like an ordinary particle, with its mass, charge, and other properties determined by the vibrational state of the string. In string theory, one of the many vibrational states of the string corresponds to the graviton, a quantum mechanical particle that carries gravitational force. Thus string theory is a theory of quantum gravity.String theory is a broad and varied subject that attempts to address a number of deep questions of fundamental physics. String theory has been applied to a variety of problems in black hole physics, early universe cosmology, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics, and it has stimulated a number of major developments in pure mathematics. Because string theory potentially provides a unified description of gravity and particle physics, it is a candidate for a theory of everything, a self-contained mathematical model that describes all fundamental forces and forms of matter. Despite much work on these problems, it is not known to what extent string theory describes the real world or how much freedom the theory allows to choose the details.String theory was first studied in the late 1960s as a theory of the strong nuclear force, before being abandoned in favor of quantum chromodynamics. Subsequently, it was realized that the very properties that made string theory unsuitable as a theory of nuclear physics made it a promising candidate for a quantum theory of gravity. The earliest version of string theory, bosonic string theory, incorporated only the class of particles known as bosons. It later developed into superstring theory, which posits a connection called supersymmetry between bosons and the class of particles called fermions. Five consistent versions of superstring theory were developed before it was conjectured in the mid-1990s that they were all different limiting cases of a single theory in eleven dimensions known as M-theory. In late 1997, theorists discovered an important relationship called the AdS/CFT correspondence, which relates string theory to another type of physical theory called a quantum field theory.One of the challenges of string theory is that the full theory does not yet have a satisfactory definition in all circumstances. Another issue is that the theory is thought to describe an enormous landscape of possible universes, and this has complicated efforts to develop theories of particle physics based on string theory. These issues have led some in the community to criticize these approaches to physics and question the value of continued research on string theory unification.