mammals in which females are larger than males
... total length, as usually defined by ornithologists, includes the bill and tail feathers, both of which often vary independently of body size. Linear measurements of mammals are less variable and less subject to error than those of birds. The problem of a long, curved, and flexible neck is encountere ...
... total length, as usually defined by ornithologists, includes the bill and tail feathers, both of which often vary independently of body size. Linear measurements of mammals are less variable and less subject to error than those of birds. The problem of a long, curved, and flexible neck is encountere ...
Do exaggerated sexual swellings function in female mating
... with increased female mating synchrony because male discrimination among females is more important when females mate synchronously (Pagel, 1994a; Radwan, 1995). Whereas Pagel’s (1994a) ESS formulation of male–male competition makes no assumptions regarding mating synchrony (Pagel, 1995), field and l ...
... with increased female mating synchrony because male discrimination among females is more important when females mate synchronously (Pagel, 1994a; Radwan, 1995). Whereas Pagel’s (1994a) ESS formulation of male–male competition makes no assumptions regarding mating synchrony (Pagel, 1995), field and l ...
Coevolution of male courtship and sexual conflict
... female vaginal bleeding and injuries (Clark et al. 1954; Kadow 1954; Rosen and Tucker 1961), and these injuries may decrease the probability that the female will remate (Constantz 1989). The most definitive evidence for an SAC role of gonopodial anatomy is from the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Exper ...
... female vaginal bleeding and injuries (Clark et al. 1954; Kadow 1954; Rosen and Tucker 1961), and these injuries may decrease the probability that the female will remate (Constantz 1989). The most definitive evidence for an SAC role of gonopodial anatomy is from the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Exper ...
Male birch catkin bugs vary copula duration to invest more in
... Recent developments in the study of mating behaviour have emphasized the importance of strategic investment of limited reproductive resources. However, in many cases it can be difficult to interpret traits such as copula duration, because they are interacting phenotypes that ultimately depend upon bo ...
... Recent developments in the study of mating behaviour have emphasized the importance of strategic investment of limited reproductive resources. However, in many cases it can be difficult to interpret traits such as copula duration, because they are interacting phenotypes that ultimately depend upon bo ...
Evolutionary mismatch of mating preferences and male colour
... strongly on orange area of the males. We further predicted that, in tests with the same males, the sexual responsiveness of Yarra females would depend less strongly on orange or would be independent of orange coloration. Our analysis is similar to that used by Houde (1988a). We examined the effect o ...
... strongly on orange area of the males. We further predicted that, in tests with the same males, the sexual responsiveness of Yarra females would depend less strongly on orange or would be independent of orange coloration. Our analysis is similar to that used by Houde (1988a). We examined the effect o ...
sexual vs. asexual reproduction in a stick insect
... Four additional questions remain unanswered and provide a wealth of future research with M. dentricus. First, what is the ploidy o f their eggs? Do unmated females lay haploid and/or diploid eggs? Many phasmid species have shown variation with respect to their ploidy (Pijnacker 1967; 1969; Marescalc ...
... Four additional questions remain unanswered and provide a wealth of future research with M. dentricus. First, what is the ploidy o f their eggs? Do unmated females lay haploid and/or diploid eggs? Many phasmid species have shown variation with respect to their ploidy (Pijnacker 1967; 1969; Marescalc ...
Dragonfl ies and Damselfl ies
... hybridization, or, in other words, the reinforcement process. The theory of reinforcement states that when hybridization is maladaptive, selection pressure causes a divergence in female mate preference and/or in male secondary sexual characters. It is often assumed that, ultimately, females are resp ...
... hybridization, or, in other words, the reinforcement process. The theory of reinforcement states that when hybridization is maladaptive, selection pressure causes a divergence in female mate preference and/or in male secondary sexual characters. It is often assumed that, ultimately, females are resp ...
The ecology of sexual conflict: ecologically dependent parallel
... also drive trait evolution on its own, and if ecological selection is sufficiently strong, the traits underlying sexual conflict may evolve not by sexually antagonistic coevolution, or at least not by such coevolution alone. As a consequence of such effects, there is an implicit prediction of ecolog ...
... also drive trait evolution on its own, and if ecological selection is sufficiently strong, the traits underlying sexual conflict may evolve not by sexually antagonistic coevolution, or at least not by such coevolution alone. As a consequence of such effects, there is an implicit prediction of ecolog ...
THE TRINIDADIAN GUPPY Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are small
... purpose of creating safety in numbers. Highpredation guppies shoal more than lowpredation guppies, and guppies from both populations increase shoaling behavior if they detect a predator in their immediate environment. Nearly all fish display a special escape response known as a ‘fast-start’ escape r ...
... purpose of creating safety in numbers. Highpredation guppies shoal more than lowpredation guppies, and guppies from both populations increase shoaling behavior if they detect a predator in their immediate environment. Nearly all fish display a special escape response known as a ‘fast-start’ escape r ...
Sexual conflict - Evolutionary Biology
... Males and females have divergent interests in reproduction that are rooted in anisogamy and lead to distinct roles, where traits favoured by one sex might be costly to the other. Broadly defined as ‘differences in the evolutionary interests between males and females’ [1], sexual conflict is, in prin ...
... Males and females have divergent interests in reproduction that are rooted in anisogamy and lead to distinct roles, where traits favoured by one sex might be costly to the other. Broadly defined as ‘differences in the evolutionary interests between males and females’ [1], sexual conflict is, in prin ...
Sexual conflict
... Males and females have divergent interests in reproduction that are rooted in anisogamy and lead to distinct roles, where traits favoured by one sex might be costly to the other. Broadly defined as ‘differences in the evolutionary interests between males and females’ [1], sexual conflict is, in prin ...
... Males and females have divergent interests in reproduction that are rooted in anisogamy and lead to distinct roles, where traits favoured by one sex might be costly to the other. Broadly defined as ‘differences in the evolutionary interests between males and females’ [1], sexual conflict is, in prin ...
6 - BHU
... ananassae is due to reduced sexual activity of white eye males combined with other components of fitness such as fecundity and viability. This experiment was conducted to see the persistence of mutant gene which causes ruby eye colour along with wild type flies. Although ruby eye colour mutants prov ...
... ananassae is due to reduced sexual activity of white eye males combined with other components of fitness such as fecundity and viability. This experiment was conducted to see the persistence of mutant gene which causes ruby eye colour along with wild type flies. Although ruby eye colour mutants prov ...
Reprint
... strains are fully crossed are shown in figure 2b. When females were permitted to respond to males only by altering their mating threshold, the result was as predicted: female strains ranked similarly among males and no interactions were observed (figure 2b, solid lines). These lines in figure 2b are ...
... strains are fully crossed are shown in figure 2b. When females were permitted to respond to males only by altering their mating threshold, the result was as predicted: female strains ranked similarly among males and no interactions were observed (figure 2b, solid lines). These lines in figure 2b are ...
Selection on male size, leg length and condition
... than larger males, because the average speed achievable on vertical structures is inversely proportional to body length (Moya-Laraño et al. 2002). Thus, smaller males might be better at finding females, which would give them an advantage in scramble competition, and might also be better at escaping ...
... than larger males, because the average speed achievable on vertical structures is inversely proportional to body length (Moya-Laraño et al. 2002). Thus, smaller males might be better at finding females, which would give them an advantage in scramble competition, and might also be better at escaping ...
1534059 kozakboughman2015 predator-learning-mate
... Predators can strengthen divergent natural selection and promote phenotypic evolution [5–7]; however, predation can also cause hybridization and impede speciation [8,9]. Increased hybridization under predation may be mediated by changes in premating isolation between species [10]. Predator presence ...
... Predators can strengthen divergent natural selection and promote phenotypic evolution [5–7]; however, predation can also cause hybridization and impede speciation [8,9]. Increased hybridization under predation may be mediated by changes in premating isolation between species [10]. Predator presence ...
Male Drosophila melanogaster have higher mating
... females from the same populations as the experimental males (e.g. Kilias et al., 1980; Dodd, 1989; Klappert & Reinhold, 2005). However, such studies are not directly related to our question because they are confounded by the possibility of male–female coevolution. In our study, we used females that ...
... females from the same populations as the experimental males (e.g. Kilias et al., 1980; Dodd, 1989; Klappert & Reinhold, 2005). However, such studies are not directly related to our question because they are confounded by the possibility of male–female coevolution. In our study, we used females that ...
Sexual selection promotes hybridization between Pecos pupfish
... dorsal fin, caudal fin, and dorsum on a scale from 0 to 6 (0 ¼ coloration absent, 6 ¼ peak coloration) before and after each trial. The summed pre- and post-trial scores were averaged for each male. Female C. pecosensis were exposed to male C. pecosensis competing against either male C. variegatus ( ...
... dorsal fin, caudal fin, and dorsum on a scale from 0 to 6 (0 ¼ coloration absent, 6 ¼ peak coloration) before and after each trial. The summed pre- and post-trial scores were averaged for each male. Female C. pecosensis were exposed to male C. pecosensis competing against either male C. variegatus ( ...
Sexual Selection and Mate Choice
... contrast to males, generally cannot increase the number of offspring they produce by mating with more than one sexual partner; sex role-reversed species are the exception that proves the rule. Moreover, since mating entails costs (Daly, 1978), mating with multiple males also entails additional costs ...
... contrast to males, generally cannot increase the number of offspring they produce by mating with more than one sexual partner; sex role-reversed species are the exception that proves the rule. Moreover, since mating entails costs (Daly, 1978), mating with multiple males also entails additional costs ...
Sexual Selection in Humans: An Evolutionary and Anthropological
... refers to Gallup's (1982) more recent proposition that breasts signify ovulation (1986:423). Short (1976) suggests that a dependent infant, unable to fend for itself, placed severe constraints on the movement of its mother, who in turn became increasingly dependent on male parental investment. Breas ...
... refers to Gallup's (1982) more recent proposition that breasts signify ovulation (1986:423). Short (1976) suggests that a dependent infant, unable to fend for itself, placed severe constraints on the movement of its mother, who in turn became increasingly dependent on male parental investment. Breas ...
The Effect of Visual Obstructions on the Sexual Behavior of Guppies
... and behavioral mechanisms that may influence the outcome of sexual selection (Endler, 1993). Gaining insight on how the sexual behavior of natural populations is influenced by alterations in their ecological and social environment is crucial if we as a human society are to understand and predict how ...
... and behavioral mechanisms that may influence the outcome of sexual selection (Endler, 1993). Gaining insight on how the sexual behavior of natural populations is influenced by alterations in their ecological and social environment is crucial if we as a human society are to understand and predict how ...
Founder effects and the evolution of asymmetrical
... evolution of reduced female choosiness at low population densities. A key prediction of this hypothesis is the evolution of asymmetrical sexual isolation wherein females from the ‘ancestral’ source population discriminate against males from the ‘derived’ population (due to missing courtship element ...
... evolution of reduced female choosiness at low population densities. A key prediction of this hypothesis is the evolution of asymmetrical sexual isolation wherein females from the ‘ancestral’ source population discriminate against males from the ‘derived’ population (due to missing courtship element ...
Sexual Selection: Harem Size and the Variance in Male
... absolute value of the median linear selection gradient on morphologies involved in mating success was 0.16, indicating that the opportunity for selection is often much greater than the strength of directional selection on a particular trait. Our estimates of Imates and the opportunity for sexual sel ...
... absolute value of the median linear selection gradient on morphologies involved in mating success was 0.16, indicating that the opportunity for selection is often much greater than the strength of directional selection on a particular trait. Our estimates of Imates and the opportunity for sexual sel ...
Life history evolution in a bivoltine butterfly
... time, energy and nutrients at their disposal. Investing time or energy into mating, for example, decreases time and energy available for foraging and these trade-offs in allocation form the life histories of a species. When to mature, how many eggs to lay or how much to invest in each mating are all ...
... time, energy and nutrients at their disposal. Investing time or energy into mating, for example, decreases time and energy available for foraging and these trade-offs in allocation form the life histories of a species. When to mature, how many eggs to lay or how much to invest in each mating are all ...
Reprint
... this study were normally autosomal, most SA alleles would first have to arise by mutation and then increase in frequency during the 29 generations of experimental evolution. Additionally, this kind of experiment may predispose an asymmetric outcome, as SA genes with very large male-harming effects a ...
... this study were normally autosomal, most SA alleles would first have to arise by mutation and then increase in frequency during the 29 generations of experimental evolution. Additionally, this kind of experiment may predispose an asymmetric outcome, as SA genes with very large male-harming effects a ...