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Chromosomal Theory  1.
Chromosomal Theory 1.

... and are called linked genes. a. Results of crosses with linked genes are different from those expected according to independent assortment because the genes travel together. ...
Evolution -- History of Life
Evolution -- History of Life

... be able to classify them into ph____, cl_____, or____, fa______, gen____ and species just as is now done. On the other hand, it is difficult to imagine how this would have been possible were the organisms not related by des____, but each specially created according to individual plans. The structura ...
The role of chromosome rearrangements in reproductive isolation
The role of chromosome rearrangements in reproductive isolation

... Are chromosome rearrangements important for creating reproductive isolation barriers and speciation? ...
Review Sheet
Review Sheet

... 7. allele - one member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome. An allele may be recessive or dominant. Recessive alleles are signified by lowercase letter and must be paired with another recessive allele in order for the recessive trait to be expressed ...
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel

... In the P1, he crossed true breeding plants that had purple flower with other plants that had white flowers.  All of the F1 plants had purple flowers. There were not any plants with white flowers  He let the F1 plants self-pollinate to produce the F2 Generation. The F1 had 705 purple flowers and 22 ...
CV - Molly Schumer
CV - Molly Schumer

... Schumer, M., Cui, R., Rosenthal, G.G., Andolfatto, P. (2014). The role of hybrid incompatibilities in hybrid zone structure. Contributed talk: Presented at Evolution 2014. Schumer, M., Cui, R., Powell, D., Rosenthal, G.G., Andolfatto, P. (2014). High-resolution mapping reveals hundreds of genetic in ...
B1 You and your genes
B1 You and your genes

... 1) Cystic fibrosis – a disease that causes thick and sticky mucus to coat the lungs, gut and pancreas, making breathing and digestion difficult. It’s caused by faulty recessive alleles: ...
Human Biology
Human Biology

... 1) Cystic fibrosis – a disease that causes thick and sticky mucus to coat the lungs, gut and pancreas, making breathing and digestion difficult. It’s caused by faulty recessive alleles: ...
Fulltext PDF
Fulltext PDF

... subject if it stimulated newer studies. There are any number of such examples in the history of science where quantum progress occurred due to ideas that finally were found to be wrong! ...
Meiosis - My CCSD
Meiosis - My CCSD

... Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes to half that found in other body cells • Adult somatic cells are diploid, 2n • Gamete cells are haploid, n ...
1) of
1) of

... Often, data FAIL both tests - there are conflicts, and distances from sister species to the outgroup are not the same - revealing that evolution was not exclusively divergent and did not proceed at an exactly constant rate. What to do? More sophisticated approaches can be used. Maximal likelihood - ...
Mendel`s peas - Seattle Central
Mendel`s peas - Seattle Central

... 2. P generation phenotypes were unaltered ...
Mendel`s Work PPT.
Mendel`s Work PPT.

...  Mendel allowed the F1 generation to selfpollinate.  Result: ¾ of the offspring were tall, ¼ were short (F2 generation)  The recessive trait reappeared in the F2 generation.  Always occurred in the above ratio, didn’t matter what trait it was (plant height, flower color, seed shape, etc…) ...
living environment
living environment

... begins to rise. Which statement would best describe this situation? (1) Feedback mechanisms regulate blood sugar levels. (2) Gene mutations are increased. (3) Energy from ATP is not available. (4) Dynamic equilibrium is disrupted. ...
Mendel`s Excellent Experiments
Mendel`s Excellent Experiments

...  During sex cell formation, the 2 genes get separated into different sex cells  Today we know that what Mendel hypothesized actually occurs when chromosomes separate in anaphase I and 2 of meiosis. ...
Baby Reebot Lab - Madison County Schools
Baby Reebot Lab - Madison County Schools

... 10. On your answer sheet, write down the 7 gene pairs (genotypes) that were selected in Table 1. 11. Next write down the phenotypes (physical traits or features) that your baby reebop will have. Use the genotypes and phenotypes below in the “Reebop Genetic Decoder”. 12. Based on your baby reebop’s t ...
Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel
Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel

...  Genetics is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms.  The father of modern genetics is Gregor Mendel, who bred thousands of plants, carefully counting and recording his results.  From his data, he was able to predict the results of meiosis long before chromosomes ...
投影片 1
投影片 1

... • For example, after reproduction, the old and new populations are taken together, and among them the best n chromosomes are selected as the next population. ...
Section 6.4- Traits, Genes, Alleles
Section 6.4- Traits, Genes, Alleles

... essence of all life.  Sexual reproduction allows for different genetic variations daily.  When chromosomes line up in the middle during metaphase I of meiosis, there is about 8 million different combinations that can be formed. ...
Chapter Expectations Language of Biology
Chapter Expectations Language of Biology

... the genotype by observation alone? Explain. (b) Mendel worked out a method for determining the genotype when he could not tell just by looking at the phenotype alone. What was the system he developed? Explain the genotypes he determined using this system. 8. A pedigree is a diagram that shows how a ...
Genetics 3 – Aneuploidies and Other Chromosome
Genetics 3 – Aneuploidies and Other Chromosome

... There are 3 main types of chromosome aberrations: • Structural – translocations, deletions, insertions, inversions, rings • Numerical – aneuploidy, loss or gain • Mosaicism – different cell lines Aberrations cause: - 60% of all early spontaneous miscarriages. - 4.5% of all still births (dead when bo ...
(1)In bold text, Knowledge and Skill Statement
(1)In bold text, Knowledge and Skill Statement

... provides an understanding of Revised Summer 2014 ...
EVOLUTION: Unifying Concept in Biology
EVOLUTION: Unifying Concept in Biology

... Polyploidy is much more common in plants than in animals, and polyploidization is an important mechanism for speciation in plants Estimates suggest that 30–80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes (Rieseberg 2 ...
Monohybrid Crosses Name In foxes, red coat color is determined by
Monohybrid Crosses Name In foxes, red coat color is determined by

... The gene for the absence of eyes in fruit flies is recessive; that for normal eyes is dominant. An eyeless male is crossed with a female who is homozygous for normal eyes. They produce 200 offspring which are bred with each other and produce 3000 offspring. ...
NB 100:Heredity
NB 100:Heredity

... Heredity Notes 4/9/12 Genes & Alleles Genes – factors that control traits Ex: Earlobe type; pea plant height Alleles – different forms of a gene Ex: Free lobes, attached lobes; tall plant, short plant ...
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Hybrid (biology)



In biology a hybrid, also known as cross breed, is the result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species or genera. Using genetic terminology, it may be defined as follows. Hybrid generally refers to any offspring resulting from the breeding of two genetically distinct individuals, which usually will result in a high degree of heterozygosity, though hybrid and heterozygous are not, strictly speaking, synonymous. a genetic hybrid carries two different alleles of the same gene a structural hybrid results from the fusion of gametes that have differing structure in at least one chromosome, as a result of structural abnormalities a numerical hybrid results from the fusion of gametes having different haploid numbers of chromosomes a permanent hybrid is a situation where only the heterozygous genotype occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.From a taxonomic perspective, hybrid refers to: Offspring resulting from the interbreeding between two animal species or plant species. See also hybrid speciation. Hybrids between different subspecies within a species (such as between the Bengal tiger and Siberian tiger) are known as intra-specific hybrids. Hybrids between different species within the same genus (such as between lions and tigers) are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses. Hybrids between different genera (such as between sheep and goats) are known as intergeneric hybrids. Extremely rare interfamilial hybrids have been known to occur (such as the guineafowl hybrids). No interordinal (between different orders) animal hybrids are known. The third type of hybrid consists of crosses between populations, breeds or cultivars within a single species. This meaning is often used in plant and animal breeding, where hybrids are commonly produced and selected, because they have desirable characteristics not found or inconsistently present in the parent individuals or populations.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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