Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... Characteristic of conditional irritants For development of a conditioned reflex it is necessary, that any factor of an environment, which may be perceived by one of analyzer systems of an organism, occur repeatedly and acted on an organism of the person or an animal. If at each occurrence this i ...
... Characteristic of conditional irritants For development of a conditioned reflex it is necessary, that any factor of an environment, which may be perceived by one of analyzer systems of an organism, occur repeatedly and acted on an organism of the person or an animal. If at each occurrence this i ...
Inferring a dual-stream model of mentalizing from associative white
... identification of the structures that are functionally essential at each stage of the resection (Duffau et al., 2002; Duffau, 2005). In fact, most of the associative white matter connectivity required for basic cognitive processes is never surgically removed, despite lesion invasion (Ius et al., 201 ...
... identification of the structures that are functionally essential at each stage of the resection (Duffau et al., 2002; Duffau, 2005). In fact, most of the associative white matter connectivity required for basic cognitive processes is never surgically removed, despite lesion invasion (Ius et al., 201 ...
Gross Anatomy
... • Evolution has been particularly intense in the five million years since humans split from chimpanzees Changes in the architecture of the ASPM protein over the last 18 million years are correlated with a steady increase in the size of the cerebral cortex (2002) Dr. Bruce T. Lahn at U. Chicago. A di ...
... • Evolution has been particularly intense in the five million years since humans split from chimpanzees Changes in the architecture of the ASPM protein over the last 18 million years are correlated with a steady increase in the size of the cerebral cortex (2002) Dr. Bruce T. Lahn at U. Chicago. A di ...
apoE genotype and AD..
... FIG. 1. A,B and apoE immunolocalization in formic acid-treated paraffin sections of middle frontal gyrus (A, B, C, D) and hippocampus (G, H) of two patients with sporadic late-onset AD. Increased numbers of intensely Al3-immunoreactive vessels and plaques are found in frontal cortex of the APOE4/4 p ...
... FIG. 1. A,B and apoE immunolocalization in formic acid-treated paraffin sections of middle frontal gyrus (A, B, C, D) and hippocampus (G, H) of two patients with sporadic late-onset AD. Increased numbers of intensely Al3-immunoreactive vessels and plaques are found in frontal cortex of the APOE4/4 p ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... or a ganglion cyst(s). There are numerous locations for this to happen, but the most common place being in the obturator internus, more specifically, Alcock’s canal [17]. Other muscles within the pelvis may also cause compression of the nerve during spasm. The irritation caused by this mechanical st ...
... or a ganglion cyst(s). There are numerous locations for this to happen, but the most common place being in the obturator internus, more specifically, Alcock’s canal [17]. Other muscles within the pelvis may also cause compression of the nerve during spasm. The irritation caused by this mechanical st ...
Apparent Atypical Callosal Dysgenesis
... interhemispheric communication is unlikely because the hippocampal commissure connects the fornices, which are a part of the archicortex and therefore embryologically and anatomically separate from the neocortex (connected by the corpus callosum) [9]. The enlargement of the hippocampal commissure in ...
... interhemispheric communication is unlikely because the hippocampal commissure connects the fornices, which are a part of the archicortex and therefore embryologically and anatomically separate from the neocortex (connected by the corpus callosum) [9]. The enlargement of the hippocampal commissure in ...
Delirium
... patients get ill for whatever reason • Precipitating cause is seldom “in the brain itself”, such as a new stroke, brain tumor, bleed, or CNS infection ...
... patients get ill for whatever reason • Precipitating cause is seldom “in the brain itself”, such as a new stroke, brain tumor, bleed, or CNS infection ...
Ventilatory disorders - Chirurgia toracica mini invasiva
... after stroke onset and appears to be associated with a worse functional outcome during the early recovery period following stroke, increasing the likelihood of dependency [12]. Sleep-induced apnea and disordered breathing refers to intermittent, cyclical cessations or reductions of airflow, with or ...
... after stroke onset and appears to be associated with a worse functional outcome during the early recovery period following stroke, increasing the likelihood of dependency [12]. Sleep-induced apnea and disordered breathing refers to intermittent, cyclical cessations or reductions of airflow, with or ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... What we mean by saying that the brainstem has been ‘neglected’ until recently is shown by the following example. The standard textbook of neuroscience comprehensively and elegantly covers functions of the nervous system from the molecular level to perception, memory and linguistics. Yet in all the 1 ...
... What we mean by saying that the brainstem has been ‘neglected’ until recently is shown by the following example. The standard textbook of neuroscience comprehensively and elegantly covers functions of the nervous system from the molecular level to perception, memory and linguistics. Yet in all the 1 ...
Lecture 52-Epilepsy
... times per day. An EEG shows 3-per-second spike and slow wave discharges. What’s the appropriate diagnosis? a. Absence seizure b. Complex partial seizure c. Simple partial seizure d. Atonic seizure e. Myoclonic seizure 3. 68 years old male is seen in the ER after an unwitnessed syncopeal episode. His ...
... times per day. An EEG shows 3-per-second spike and slow wave discharges. What’s the appropriate diagnosis? a. Absence seizure b. Complex partial seizure c. Simple partial seizure d. Atonic seizure e. Myoclonic seizure 3. 68 years old male is seen in the ER after an unwitnessed syncopeal episode. His ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Parter 1
... (Jendrassik’s maneuver). It is believed that when the person is pulling their hands hard enough, the task will prevent them from anticipating a knee jerk because they will be distracted with the activity, which will result in an increase in the firing of neurons. Second, it is hypothesized that the ...
... (Jendrassik’s maneuver). It is believed that when the person is pulling their hands hard enough, the task will prevent them from anticipating a knee jerk because they will be distracted with the activity, which will result in an increase in the firing of neurons. Second, it is hypothesized that the ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Partner B
... (Jendrassik’s maneuver). It is believed that when the person is pulling their hands hard enough, the task will prevent them from anticipating a knee jerk because they will be distracted with the activity, which will result in an increase in the firing of neurons. Second, it is hypothesized that the ...
... (Jendrassik’s maneuver). It is believed that when the person is pulling their hands hard enough, the task will prevent them from anticipating a knee jerk because they will be distracted with the activity, which will result in an increase in the firing of neurons. Second, it is hypothesized that the ...
Abstracts for each slide presentation are available here
... processing. In particular, thalamic GABA-ergic interneurons believed to be critical for (linear) gain control in such cerebral sensory and associative processing. It is therefore not surprising that many studies from both human and animal perspectives have identified the thalamus and particularly th ...
... processing. In particular, thalamic GABA-ergic interneurons believed to be critical for (linear) gain control in such cerebral sensory and associative processing. It is therefore not surprising that many studies from both human and animal perspectives have identified the thalamus and particularly th ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... difficulties, language and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorders and cerebral palsy in newborn infants [25]. It is also a notable risk factor for hearing impairment that affected neonates and can also affect the brainstem [26, 27]. The brainstem auditory pathway has been shown to be very sensit ...
... difficulties, language and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorders and cerebral palsy in newborn infants [25]. It is also a notable risk factor for hearing impairment that affected neonates and can also affect the brainstem [26, 27]. The brainstem auditory pathway has been shown to be very sensit ...
AANA Journal Course - American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
... for the baroreceptor reflex. Arterial baroreceptors are stretch-sensitive nerve endings embedded in the walls of the carotid sinus, aortic arch, myocardium, and pulmonary vessels. Vascular deformation (increased pressure equals increased stretch) begins the process of mechanosensory transduction. Ac ...
... for the baroreceptor reflex. Arterial baroreceptors are stretch-sensitive nerve endings embedded in the walls of the carotid sinus, aortic arch, myocardium, and pulmonary vessels. Vascular deformation (increased pressure equals increased stretch) begins the process of mechanosensory transduction. Ac ...
Cutaneous sural nerve injury after lateral ankle sprain
... ABSTRACT: Our case report demonstrates the importance of conducting a thorough neurological examination in the evaluation of lateral ankle sprain. The patient, a dancer, reported an inversion injury to his ankle that was associated with lateral ankle pain, numbness, and paresthesia. The patient had ...
... ABSTRACT: Our case report demonstrates the importance of conducting a thorough neurological examination in the evaluation of lateral ankle sprain. The patient, a dancer, reported an inversion injury to his ankle that was associated with lateral ankle pain, numbness, and paresthesia. The patient had ...
Abstract Book
... of the Organizing, Scientific and Honorary Board of NeuRi - Student Congress of Neuroscience! The first three congresses were marked by establishing of NeuRi, as well as creating neuroscientific recognition of Rijeka, and setting our place among student congresses. Upon completion of the third congr ...
... of the Organizing, Scientific and Honorary Board of NeuRi - Student Congress of Neuroscience! The first three congresses were marked by establishing of NeuRi, as well as creating neuroscientific recognition of Rijeka, and setting our place among student congresses. Upon completion of the third congr ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
Autonomic Nervous System IV
... • Unilateral SENSORY damage – pupillary response lost in BOTH eyes when light shone into damaged eye; – pupillary response normal in both eyes when the light is shone into the unaffected eye ...
... • Unilateral SENSORY damage – pupillary response lost in BOTH eyes when light shone into damaged eye; – pupillary response normal in both eyes when the light is shone into the unaffected eye ...
Klasyfikacja ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)
... response is not impaired. It is a consensual reflex, therefore, both eyeballs react to a stimulus simultaneously. The location of the brain centers responsible for this response has not been found yet. There are some opinions that it is located somewhere within the frontal or occipital lobe, but the ...
... response is not impaired. It is a consensual reflex, therefore, both eyeballs react to a stimulus simultaneously. The location of the brain centers responsible for this response has not been found yet. There are some opinions that it is located somewhere within the frontal or occipital lobe, but the ...
The State of the Art of Respiratory Control
... that breathing increased when the pH of the aCSF was decreased along the ventrolateral surface of the cat medulla (Mitchell et al. 1963), thus identifying the first brainstem regions likely containing respiratory chemoreceptors. These regions were found along the superficial ventro-lateral medulla a ...
... that breathing increased when the pH of the aCSF was decreased along the ventrolateral surface of the cat medulla (Mitchell et al. 1963), thus identifying the first brainstem regions likely containing respiratory chemoreceptors. These regions were found along the superficial ventro-lateral medulla a ...
62 Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve And Taste
... The intermediate nerve joins the motor segment at the point where it exits from the pons . The intermediate nerve is composed of contributions from three areas : 1 . The superior salivary nucleus in the pons supplies secretory fibers . They go to (a) the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands (via the ...
... The intermediate nerve joins the motor segment at the point where it exits from the pons . The intermediate nerve is composed of contributions from three areas : 1 . The superior salivary nucleus in the pons supplies secretory fibers . They go to (a) the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands (via the ...
Blepharospasm
... essential blepharospasm (BEB), is not associated with any known etiology, whereas secondary blepharospasm is due to an identifiable neurologic or ophthalmologic disorder or documented pathologic lesion. Lesions associated with blepharospasm have been documented in the basal ganglia, brainstem, and t ...
... essential blepharospasm (BEB), is not associated with any known etiology, whereas secondary blepharospasm is due to an identifiable neurologic or ophthalmologic disorder or documented pathologic lesion. Lesions associated with blepharospasm have been documented in the basal ganglia, brainstem, and t ...
Motor pathway injury in patients with
... Periventricular leucomalacia has long been investigated as a leading cause of motor and cognitive impairment in subjects who were born prematurely with a low birth weight or very low birth weight. The main neuropathological feature is a focal or diffuse necrosis of cerebral white matter with loss of ...
... Periventricular leucomalacia has long been investigated as a leading cause of motor and cognitive impairment in subjects who were born prematurely with a low birth weight or very low birth weight. The main neuropathological feature is a focal or diffuse necrosis of cerebral white matter with loss of ...
An In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of
... glutamine would be evident if the glutamatergic system was involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Differences in levels of NA A in patients would suggest neuronal cell damage or loss in the prefrontal region. Examination of levels of metabolites before and after medication might indicate ...
... glutamine would be evident if the glutamatergic system was involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Differences in levels of NA A in patients would suggest neuronal cell damage or loss in the prefrontal region. Examination of levels of metabolites before and after medication might indicate ...
Coma
In medicine, coma (from the Greek κῶμα koma, meaning ""deep sleep"") is a state of unconsciousness in which a person: cannot be awakened; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions. A person in a state of coma is described as being comatose. Typically, a distinction is made in the medical community between a coma and a medically induced coma, the former is generally understood to be a result of circumstances beyond the control of the medical community, while the latter is generally understood to be a means by which medical professionals may allow a patient's injuries to heal in a controlled environment. A comatose person exhibits a complete absence of wakefulness and is unable to consciously feel, speak, hear, or move. For a patient to maintain consciousness, two important neurological components must function. The first is the cerebral cortex—the gray matter that forms the outer layer of the brain. The other is a structure located in the brainstem, called reticular activating system (RAS).Injury to either or both of these components is sufficient to cause a patient to experience a coma. The cerebral cortex is a group of tight, dense, ""gray matter"" composed of the nuclei of the neurons whose axons then form the ""white matter"", and is responsible for perception, relay of the sensory input (sensation) via the thalamic pathway, and many other neurological functions, including complex thinking.RAS, on the other hand, is a more primitive structure in the brainstem that is tightly in connection with reticular formation (RF). The RAS area of the brain has two tracts, the ascending and descending tract. Made up of a system of acetylcholine-producing neurons, the ascending track, or ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), works to arouse and wake up the brain, from the RF, through the thalamus, and then finally to the cerebral cortex. A failure in ARAS functioning may then lead to a coma.