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... The Earth's crust is constantly moving, both vertically and horizontally, at rates of up to several inches a year. A widely-held theory that explains these movements is called "plate tectonics." It was developed in the mid 1960s by geophysicists. The term "plate" refers to large rigid blocks of the ...
Changes to the Atmosphere
Changes to the Atmosphere

... Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay proved that atmospheric nitrogen was not pure but contained five other gases, which together made up about 1 % of the Earth’s atmosphere. The gases were argon (0.94 %) and traces of helium, neon, krypton and xenon. The five gases are similar in that they show no chemi ...
Worksheet 1: Foundations—crossword
Worksheet 1: Foundations—crossword

... These results support the hypothesis that ‘green leaf tissue produces starch when light is present’. Only those parts of the leaf that contained chlorophyll and were exposed to light showed the presence of starch after light ...
9 Early Earth
9 Early Earth

... The experiment was allowed to run for one week. When the reaction products were analyzed it became clear that a number of organic compounds needed for life, notably amino acids, had been produced relatively simply and abiotically in a reducing atmosphere. The ease at which these compounds could be p ...
eoc review - Fort Bend ISD
eoc review - Fort Bend ISD

...  25. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation in a population. Which is a way that meiosis and fertilization lead to genetic variation? a. Alleles are recombined when gametes from different parents join together. b. DNA is replicated when a fertilized egg becomes a growing embryo through mito ...
Chapter 1: Geologic History of the Southeastern US:
Chapter 1: Geologic History of the Southeastern US:

... How did geologists come up with the timeline for the history of the Earth? The geologic time scale was developed over the course of many years— beginning in the early 19th century—and through the combined work of many geologists around the world. No single location on Earth contains the complete seq ...
Quarter 2 Review
Quarter 2 Review

... ANSWER: Volcanoes are formed at two plate boundaries, divergent and convergent. At divergent plates the plates diverge creating rift zones where mantle rock the rises to fill the gap and pressure decreases. Lava that flows from undersea rift zones produce volcano chains also known as mid-oceans. • W ...
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth and Environmental Science

... (A) Megafauna did not exist in the areas now known as NT or TAS. (B) ...
Evolution and Speciation
Evolution and Speciation

... how and why such changes could take place. Darwin called this mechanism natural selection. Natural selection, Darwin argued, was an inevitable outcome of three principles that operated in nature. First, the characteristics of organisms are inherited, or passed from parent to offspring. Second, more ...
2-1 Classroom Investigations, 5th Grade
2-1 Classroom Investigations, 5th Grade

... 1. Mechanical weathering – breaking down or crushing of rocks into smaller pieces (e.g., freezing and thawing, sand carried by wind or water weathering rock). 2. Chemical weathering – breaking down of rock by dissolving by water, exposure to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen to form new chemic ...
Introduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals

... – What essential functions must animals perform to survive? – Like all organisms, animals must maintain homeostasis by gathering and responding to information, obtaining and distributing oxygen and nutrients, and collecting and eliminating carbon dioxide and other wastes. They also ...
Evolution on the Front Line
Evolution on the Front Line

... molecules may have formed complex molecules that eventually formed into cells capable of self-replication. Life on earth has existed for three billion years. Prior to that, simple molecules may have formed complex organic molecules that eventually formed into cells capable of self-replication. Durin ...
Quiz 4 material 104
Quiz 4 material 104

... Wegener showed strong evidence in support of his hypothesis but it was not accepted at this time (see page 79). What was the major stumbling block to his hypothesis? He was unable to propose an acceptable mechanism to explain how the continents moved. Study of the seafloor 50 years later would reviv ...
science - Sarah Mahajan Study Guides
science - Sarah Mahajan Study Guides

... -different types of cells spend widely different amounts of time in each phase -when a cell in G0 or G1 gets these signals they pass through the restriction point, R -this “point of no return” commits the cell to a full round of the cell cycle -once the cell passes R, it can’t return to G1 or G0 wit ...
Evolution_Ch7_transmittal_to_PE_Aug3
Evolution_Ch7_transmittal_to_PE_Aug3

... some cases such as that of certain breeds of domesticated cattle, the original species is now extinct. Changes that have occurred during domestication are a direct result of human manipulation. ...
Rocks and Minerals - Georgia Standards
Rocks and Minerals - Georgia Standards

... examples), 4 fossils representing a variety of ages and environments of origin, and 1 nonrenewable energy resource. Using the Lawton (1977) Geologic Map of Georgia, you will determine the extent to which these needs can be supplied from your own county. Then identify two other counties from which sa ...
Plate Tectonics - River Mill Academy
Plate Tectonics - River Mill Academy

... correlate (match up to each other) in different parts of the globeparts that fit together like puzzle pieces. (Rainforest tree fossils found in the Arctic). (Ex: Mesosaurus) • Evidence of climates having at one time been the same in these puzzle piece areas. (Ex: The Karoo Desert in Africa shows mar ...
LOPhWOChO"`~
LOPhWOChO"`~

... sediments. Fossil evidence suggest.s that priapulans were among the major predators during the Cambrian period. ...
The Basic Unit of Life
The Basic Unit of Life

... The energy that cells need comes originally from the sun. Chloroplasts in plant cells trap light energy from the sun and change it into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds between atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that ...
【金屬鍵】
【金屬鍵】

... Directions: Questions 22 and 23 refer to the following passage. Peppered moths exist in two colour forms: light and dark. In the past, those moths were mostly in the light form in Britain, as the tree trunks, which were covered with light-coloured lichens, offered them protection against birds whic ...
advanced biology - Lakewood City Schools
advanced biology - Lakewood City Schools

... List the five conditions needed to maintain genetic equilibrium Identify the conditions necessary for a new species to ...
Chapter 4: Plate - Frankfort School District 157c
Chapter 4: Plate - Frankfort School District 157c

... – Similar rocks/rock structures have been found on different continents that match rocks/rock structures on the continents they were joined to ...
C1b 6.2 The Restless Earth
C1b 6.2 The Restless Earth

... meet, the effects include: plates juddering past each other producing earthquakes the continental plate buckles upwards whilst the oceanic plate subducts (goes underground) ...
chordata
chordata

... First truly terrestrial vertebrates Age of reptiles (mesozoicum, 252 to 66 million years ago) Ectotermic – termoregulate behaviorally tough, dry, heavily keratinized skin, scales, few glands R: lungs, no gills C: pulmonary and systemic circuits Hearth – 2 atria and 2 partly separated ventricles E: m ...
EOC Item Spec Cards – K – NCESD
EOC Item Spec Cards – K – NCESD

... among organisms using physiological traits, genetic information, and/or the ability of two organisms to produce fertile offspring. ...
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Evolutionary history of life



The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and fossil organisms have evolved since life appeared on the planet, until the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 Ga (billion years ago) and life appeared on its surface within 1 billion years. The similarities between all present-day organisms indicate the presence of a common ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.
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