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... known use of tolls: Homo rectus; 1.6 Ma Modern Humans evolved about 200 Ka *Cooling Climate throughout Cenozoic Ice Sheets increased during the Cenozoic: Glaciers formed and have remained on Antarctica. Beginning at 2 Ma northern hemisphere glaciation has occurred more than 20x. *The Pleistocene Ice ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... To calculate the rate of plate motion, divide the distance the plate moves by the time it takes to move that distance. Rate = distance/time For example, a plate takes two million years to move 156 km. Calculate its rate of motion. 156 km/2,000,000 years = 7.8 cm per year Practice Problem The Pacific ...
6 Planetary Interiors - Center for Integrative Planetary Science
6 Planetary Interiors - Center for Integrative Planetary Science

... Water-ice is a major constituent of bodies in the outer parts of our Solar System. Depending on the temperature and pressure of the environment, water-ice can take on at least 15 different crystalline forms, many of which are shown in the water phase diagram in Figure 6.6. Although the water molecul ...
Focus on Learning - earthjay science
Focus on Learning - earthjay science

... changes that have occurred in the geologic past. The study of physical geology logically precedes the study of Earth history because we must first understand how Earth works before we attempt to unravel its past. It should also be pointed out that physical and historical geology are divided into man ...
Project-Based Inquiry Science: Ever
Project-Based Inquiry Science: Ever

... clay. They create sketches of how their observations relate to the movement of the Earth’s crust, and predict what geologic events may be observed by the different interactions. Students update the Project Board with new learning about interactions at plate boundaries. Disciplinary Core Ideas: ESS2. ...
PNW Geology
PNW Geology

... later accreted to No Am were elsewhere in the proto-Pacific basin  Beginning ~ 210 Ma – break-up of Pangaea  sweeping up exotic terranes  Continued for > 150 Ma – attached most of the No Am western margin  Older terranes have the most Au, Ag, Cu, ...
1 Final Exam, Earth 50 Fall 2006
1 Final Exam, Earth 50 Fall 2006

... C) coal D) graphite 4. The Moho discontinuity represents: A) the base of continental or oceanic crust B) a phase transition at 670 km C) the zone of partial melting D) the boundary between inner and outer core 5. The Himalayas are, on average, 5 km above sea level. If you remove 3 km from the top of ...
Planetary Materials Research at APL
Planetary Materials Research at APL

... from Hawaii are an important terall the characteristics of simple impact craters throughout the solar system: bowl shape, restrial analog to planetary volcanic raised rim, surrounding ejecta, and shock features in minerals. (Image courtesy of the rocks as they provide some of the DoD/Nevada Test Sit ...
Physical Geology Lecture - FacultyWeb Support Center
Physical Geology Lecture - FacultyWeb Support Center

... “Aristotelian Thought” centers on the metaphysical concept that reality (the earth) is surrounded by “spheres of the heavenly bodies” called “Celestial Spheres”. [This idea is thought to have arisen from the impression that the night sky gives an observer even today. It is the feeling of being insid ...
Earth And Space Science
Earth And Space Science

... fission of radioactive materials within the Earth) drive the tectonic plates. ...
Review and Practice for the Earth Science SOL
Review and Practice for the Earth Science SOL

... experiencing increasing temperatures worldwide. What role does the use of fossil fuels have on these temperature increases.” Standard format: “What is the effect of the (independent variable) on the (dependent variable)?” research your experiment – See if there are others who have conducted similar ...
There are two groups of planets in our solar system. According to the
There are two groups of planets in our solar system. According to the

... experiencing increasing temperatures worldwide. What role does the use of fossil fuels have on these temperature increases.” Standard format: “What is the effect of the (independent variable) on the (dependent variable)?”  research your experiment – See if there are others who have conducted simila ...
Geology Library Note#391C00.cwk (WP)
Geology Library Note#391C00.cwk (WP)

... Unfortunately, unlike volcanoes, geologists have not been very successful in predicting when earthquakes will occur. While we cannot predict earthquakes in the shortterm we can make long term predictions. ...
ttu_gs0001_000468
ttu_gs0001_000468

... opinions and prejudices about the nature and age of the Earth have waxed and waned through the centuries. Most people, however, appear to have traditionally believed the Earth to be quite young-that its age might be measured in terms of thousands of years, but certainly not in millions. The evidence ...
Lecture 10
Lecture 10

... – Plausible source: photosynthesis ...
Limits on lateral density and velocity variations in the Earth`s outer core
Limits on lateral density and velocity variations in the Earth`s outer core

... differs from the mantle because it has an immensely different rheology. It differs from the ocean and atmosphere because it is much less strongly forced (i.e. geophysical heat flow « solar energy flux). Let us discuss each in turn. Post-glacial rebound, geoid, and convection studies suggest a mantle ...
Assessment Year Review
Assessment Year Review

... have spring and fall? A) positions 1 and 2 B) positions 2 and 4 C) positions 3 and 4 D) positions 4 and 1 Explanation: The correct response is B. It is correct because at position 2 and 4, the Sun is directly overhead at the equator and an equal amount of solar energy is received in both hemispheres ...
Unit 3 Chapter 9
Unit 3 Chapter 9

... It is the time period from 4.6 billion to 542 million years ago. This includes about 88% of Earth’s history occurred during this time. The rock record has been deformed so much that scientists can not interpret what took place and when it took place. Precambrian Rocks Shields – large areas of Precam ...
Unit 3 Chapter
Unit 3 Chapter

... Natural Selection which is the processes that allows animals and plants that are best suited to survive to reproduce and pass on their traits Time can create new species Species – a group of organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring There is tremendous amount of debate over whether the changes ...
Model Answers - Step Up IAS Coaching
Model Answers - Step Up IAS Coaching

... Effects of latitude : Latitude of a place on the earth is the angular distance of the place from the equator.1' of latitude is approximately equal to 111 km. Locations on similar latitudes have similar day lengths where as different latitudes have different day lengths. At latitude 0° (the Equator) ...
Grade 10 Informational Mini-Assessment
Grade 10 Informational Mini-Assessment

... Today you will read a passage about plate motion and its effect on Earth’s surface. You will then answer several questions based on the text. I will be happy to answer questions about the directions, but I will not help you with the answers to any questions. You will notice as you answer the questio ...
1_ Earth_s History - St. Raymond High School for Boys
1_ Earth_s History - St. Raymond High School for Boys

... ex. every minute is 60 seconds  not every era is the same duration 2. Precambrian makes up 85% of Earth's past -little or no fossil evidence because the few organisms that were alive were soft bodied=no bones, teeth or shells B. Life on Earth 1. Organisms have evolved throughout time 2. Charles Dar ...
Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Basalts
Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Basalts

... • Eucrites and Howardites all have ancient crystallization ages of ~4.6 Ga. Again very different from Earth and the Moon. • Oxygen isotopic ratios are distinct from terrestrial rocks, thus they are derived from a different region in the solar system. • Achondrites are derived from Eucrite Parent Bod ...
PLATE TECTONICS: BIRTH OF A THEORY
PLATE TECTONICS: BIRTH OF A THEORY

... The theory of plate tectonics has revolutionized our understanding of Earth and how it works. Based on the concept that the outer layer of Earth is composed of separate plates, plate tectonics enables earth scientists to explain such diverse phenomena as earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building, th ...
Name Date
Name Date

... characteristic is due to the A) luster of the mineral B) age of the mineral C) internal arrangement of the mineral’s atoms D) force with which the mineral is broken 2) According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, what is the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen in the crust of the Earth? A ...
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