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Deep Belief Networks Learn Context Dependent Behavior Florian Raudies *
Deep Belief Networks Learn Context Dependent Behavior Florian Raudies *

... [8,9,10,11]. Models of prefrontal cortex have attempted to simulate how neural circuits could provide the rules for action selection during behavioral tasks based on the context of the decision in addition to specific sensory input cues [12,13,14]. However, many previous models of prefrontal cortex ...
Where Do Features Come From?
Where Do Features Come From?

... 1986) was quite different in nature. It did not work in practice, but theoretically it was much more interesting. From the outset, it was designed to learn binary distributed representations that captured the statistical structure implicit in a set of binary vectors, so it did not need labeled data. ...
Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Recognition
Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Recognition

... CNNs are used in variety of areas, including image and pattern recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, and video analysis. There are a number of reasons that convolutional neural networks are becoming important. In traditional models for pattern recognition, feature extractors ...
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks

... hard saturation at 0 may hurt optimization by blocking gradient back-propagation. To evaluate the potential impact of this effect we also investigate the softplus activation: softplus(x) = log(1+ex ) (Dugas et al., 2001), a smooth version of the rectifying non-linearity. We lose the exact sparsity, ...
What are Neural Networks? - Teaching-WIKI
What are Neural Networks? - Teaching-WIKI

... weight Wi in the network, and for each training suite in the training set. • One such cycle through all weighty is called an epoch of training. • Eventually, mostly after many epochs, the weight changes converge towards zero and the training process terminates. • The perceptron learning process alwa ...
Deep Learning Overview
Deep Learning Overview

...  All parameters are “tuned” for the supervised task at hand  Representation is adjusted to be more discriminative ...
Intelligent Systems - Teaching-WIKI
Intelligent Systems - Teaching-WIKI

... weight Wi in the network, and for each training suite in the training set. • One such cycle through all weighty is called an epoch of training. • Eventually, mostly after many epochs, the weight changes converge towards zero and the training process terminates. • The perceptron learning process alwa ...
Neural Networks algorithms. ppt
Neural Networks algorithms. ppt

... How many hidden layers? • Usually just one (i.e., a 2-layer net) • How many hidden units in the layer? – Too few ==> can’t learn ...
What is Artificial Neural Network?
What is Artificial Neural Network?

... 2. From output layer, repeat - propagating the error term back to the previous layer and - updating the weights between the two layers until the earliest hidden layer is reached. ...
What are Neural Networks? - Teaching-WIKI
What are Neural Networks? - Teaching-WIKI

... internal state (like flip flops), can oscillate, etc. – The response to an input depends on the initial state which may depend on previous inputs – can model short-time memory – Hopfield networks have symmetric weights (Wij = Wji) – Boltzmann machines use stochastic activation functions, ≈ MCMC in B ...
Multi-Layer Feed-Forward - Teaching-WIKI
Multi-Layer Feed-Forward - Teaching-WIKI

... internal state (like flip flops), can oscillate, etc. – The response to an input depends on the initial state which may depend on previous inputs – can model short-time memory – Hopfield networks have symmetric weights (Wij = Wji) – Boltzmann machines use stochastic activation functions, ≈ MCMC in B ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Recurrent networks have at least one feedback connection: – They have thus directed cycles with delays: they have internal state (like flip flops), can oscillate, etc. – The response to an input depends on the initial state which may depend on previous inputs – can model short-time memory – Hopfie ...
What are Neural Networks? - Teaching-WIKI
What are Neural Networks? - Teaching-WIKI

... • What we refer to as Neural Networks in the course are mostly Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). • ANN are approximation of biological neural networks and are built of physical devices, or simulated on computers. • ANN are parallel computational entities that consist of multiple simple processing un ...
Deep Learning - UCF Computer Science
Deep Learning - UCF Computer Science

... • The neurons at each layer provides distinct levels of abstract ...
LIONway-slides-chapter9
LIONway-slides-chapter9

... • Derivatives can be calculated by using the chain rule for derivatives of composite functions. • Complexity is O(number of weights). • Formulas are similar to those used for the forward pass, but going in contrary direction, hence the term error backpropagation. • After the network is trained, calc ...
Specific nonlinear models
Specific nonlinear models

... • Derivatives can be calculated by using the chain rule for derivatives of composite functions. • Complexity is O(number of weights). • Formulas are similar to those used for the forward pass, but going in contrary direction, hence the term error backpropagation. • After the network is trained, calc ...
Neural Networks: An Application Of Linear Algebra
Neural Networks: An Application Of Linear Algebra

... Larger data sets became available ...
deep learning with different types of neurons
deep learning with different types of neurons

1

Deep learning

Deep learning (deep machine learning, or deep structured learning, or hierarchical learning, or sometimes DL) is a branch of machine learning based on a set of algorithms that attempt to model high-level abstractions in data by using model architectures, with complex structures or otherwise, composed of multiple non-linear transformations.Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on learning representations of data. An observation (e.g., an image) can be represented in many ways such as a vector of intensity values per pixel, or in a more abstract way as a set of edges, regions of particular shape, etc.. Some representations make it easier to learn tasks (e.g., face recognition or facial expression recognition) from examples. One of the promises of deep learning is replacing handcrafted features with efficient algorithms for unsupervised or semi-supervised feature learning and hierarchical feature extraction.Research in this area attempts to make better representations and create models to learn these representations from large-scale unlabeled data. Some of the representations are inspired by advances in neuroscience and are loosely based on interpretation of information processing and communication patterns in a nervous system, such as neural coding which attempts to define a relationship between the stimulus and the neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the brain.Various deep learning architectures such as deep neural networks, convolutional deep neural networks, deep belief networks and recurrent neural networks have been applied to fields like computer vision, automatic speech recognition, natural language processing, audio recognition and bioinformatics where they have been shown to produce state-of-the-art results on various tasks.Alternatively, deep learning has been characterized as a buzzword, or a rebranding of neural networks.
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