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ff - WordPress.com
ff - WordPress.com

... A lot of oxygen is needed to work as hard as this. You breathe deeper and faster to get more oxygen into your blood. Your heart beats faster to get the oxygen to the leg muscles as quickly as possible. Eventually a limit is reached. The heart and lungs cannot supply oxygen to the muscles any faster ...
File
File

... Life-threatening Quick ↓ in O2 levels ↑ in CO2 levels ...
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System

... oxygen is used up and levels of CO2 rise. The brain detects increasing levels of CO2 – a signal is sent to the lungs to increase breathing. Breathing rate and the volume of air in each breath increase. This means that more gaseous exchange takes place. The brain also tells the heart to beat faster s ...
File
File

... being used for fuel at different intensities during steadystate exercise.  At rest, the average RER is 0.75, meaning that the body is burning approximately 85% fat and 15% carbohydrate.  As intensity increases, so does RER, meaning a larger percentage of carbohydrate is being burned and a lesser p ...
Exam 3 study guide
Exam 3 study guide

... Open less effective at circulating all the fluid Doesn’t matter if metabolism is slow, e.g., clams Insects use trachael system to supply oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide Closer look at closed circulatory system Also called cardiovascular system: heart, blood vessels, blood Three main types of bl ...
unit-4 task 1 - WordPress.com
unit-4 task 1 - WordPress.com

... chemical reactions that maintain life in any organism. Metabolic activity involves the transformation of energy which is used in exercise and matter in the body, two elements that must always be present for life to be sustained. ...
Musculoskeletal system - Responses to exercise PPT
Musculoskeletal system - Responses to exercise PPT

... – Works harder (beats more often and with larger amount of blood in each beat) to provide the Oxygen and Nutrients to the skeletal muscle via the blood, and get rid of the Waste products of exercise (Carbon Dioxide, Water and Heat). ...
evolution.pdf
evolution.pdf

... Repeat this process a few times, observing how the system functions. Now observe how oxygen is transported via this system. 1) Assign one or two people to operate the chambers and valves of the heart. 2) Assign one person to dispense oxygen, and one person to keep track of time. 3) As the heart oper ...
Image of the Respiratory System
Image of the Respiratory System

... • Air enters the body through the nose and mouth then travels down the trachea (the “windpipe,” or what connects your pharynx to your lungs) • The trachea branches into two tubes called bronchi, which lead to the lungs. • At the end of the bronchi are tiny tubes ...
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION

... monoxide, and (4) nicotine, which has various effects on the sympathetic nervous system, blood pressure, heart rate etc. The more common adverse health effects of tobacco are lung cancer, coronary heart disease, COPD (Chronic bronchitis, emphysema), and systemic atherosclerosis. And the less common ...
Every Circulation Question- Answers
Every Circulation Question- Answers

... Macmillan Academy ...
Respiration - segaran1996
Respiration - segaran1996

... • The whole process of respiration is controlled by enzymes that transfer energy in food molecules, eg. sugars and lipids, to ATP. • ATP is compound that is able to supply on-the-spot, instant and usable energy for cell activities. • Mitochondria are the organelles that house the enzymes and substra ...
1. What is the respiratory system?
1. What is the respiratory system?

... 2. www.Edpuzzle.com codes are on the board a) Login- use logins class codes from the board. b) WITH HEAD PHONES ON Watch the video carefully. Stop and take notes as needed. c) Complete the video and questions. ...
Primary Exam Workshop
Primary Exam Workshop

... c) the O2 saturation of arterial blood with a PO2 of 40mmHg is about 85% d) anaemia decreases O2 saturation e) O2 affinity for Hb is reduced by decreased blood pH ...
Chapter 22 – Gas Exchange 22.1 Overview: Gas exchange involves
Chapter 22 – Gas Exchange 22.1 Overview: Gas exchange involves

...  Ventilation – any mechanism that increases the flow of water or air over the respiratory surface. When swimming, fish open their mouth to allow water to flow on the gill surfaces. Increasing this flow ensures a constant supply of oxygen.  Capillary arrangement in the gills enhances gas exchange. ...
Chapter 22
Chapter 22

... cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and repeated attacks of bronchitis or pneumonia. Causes: Smoking (50% of all cases) and pollution (radon, asbestos). Smokers are 10 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers. Treatment: Surgery is most effective, but only 50% of all lung cancer ...
Animals: Respiration
Animals: Respiration

... 1.In our blood, oxygen relatively insoluble in water (blood can carry 70 times as much as oxygen as it can be dissolved). 2.Hemoglobin (protein in red blood cells) has four subunits, each has a heme group with iron in the center and can bind one oxygen molecule. Each hemoglobin can bind 4 oxygen mol ...
ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION

... to reduce water loss 1. Amphibians: relatively small lungs that do not provide a large surface (many lack lungs altogether) -- rely on diffusion across other body surfaces, especially their moist skin, for gas exchange. 2. Reptiles, Mammals and Birds: rely entirely on lungs for gas exchange. 3. Some ...
ADAPTATION I. RESPIRATION: GAS EXCHANGE
ADAPTATION I. RESPIRATION: GAS EXCHANGE

... Panting: increases evaporation through breathing Sweating: increases heat loss through skin ...
Click on image to content
Click on image to content

... are higher levels of CO2, a lower pH, and higher temperatures. In addition, at lower PO2 levels, red blood cells increase production of a substance called 2,3diphosphoglycerate. These changing conditions (more CO2, lower pH, higher temperature, & more 2,3-diphosphoglycerate) in active tissues cause ...
16 - Nutrition
16 - Nutrition

...  Carefully remove the heated beaker and stir until mixture is cool. It will thicken as it cools (about 20 minutes).  Pour a small amount onto your palm and add a sprinkle of pencil shavings. Watch what happens. ...
Exam 3 study guide Lecture 1 Animal Structure and Function Most
Exam 3 study guide Lecture 1 Animal Structure and Function Most

... Tidal volume is much less than total volume of lungs (several liters in humans) Thus residual volume remains after exhaling Why is tidal ventilation inefficient? Birds have a more "sophisticated" type of lung ventilation Birds have high metabolic rates Can be exposed to lower oxygen concentrations i ...
Respiratory System Short
Respiratory System Short

... Expiration is normally a passive process. When the diaphragm and external intercostals relax, the lungs and rib cage just naturally recoil back to their original shape. (This occurs because of the semi-rigid and elastic connective tissue.) The decreased volume of the thoracic cavity causes an increa ...
File
File

... Due to changes in pressure that occur within the chest cavity caused by cellular respiration and mechanical breathing movements ...
Exam 3 study guide
Exam 3 study guide

... Open less effective at circulating all the fluid Doesn’t matter if metabolism is slow, e.g., clams Insects use trachael system to supply oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide Closer look at closed circulatory system Also called cardiovascular system: heart, blood vessels, blood Three main types of bl ...
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High-altitude adaptation in humans



High-altitude adaptation in humans is an instance of evolutionary modification in human populations in Tibet, the Andes and Ethiopia, who have acquired the ability to survive at extremely high altitudes. The phrase is used to signify irreversible, long-term physiological responses to high-altitude environments, associated with heritable behavioural and genetic changes. While the rest of human population would suffer serious health consequences, these native inhabitants thrive well in the highest parts of the world. These people have undergone extensive physiological and genetic changes, particularly in the regulatory systems of respiration and circulation, when compared to the general lowland population. This special adaptation is now recognised as a clear example of natural selection in action. In fact, the adaptation account of the Tibetans has become the fastest case of human evolution in the scientific record, as it is estimated to have occurred in less than 3,000 years.
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