Quantum Information and Randomness - Max-Planck
... the special theory of relativity. While the testable predictions of Bohmian mechanics are isomorphic to standard Copenhagen quantum mechanics, its underlying hidden variables have to be, in principle, unobservable. If one could observe them, one would be able to take advantage of that and signal fas ...
... the special theory of relativity. While the testable predictions of Bohmian mechanics are isomorphic to standard Copenhagen quantum mechanics, its underlying hidden variables have to be, in principle, unobservable. If one could observe them, one would be able to take advantage of that and signal fas ...
Who Invented the Copenhagen Interpretation? A Study in Mythology
... observation. This assumption is not only fully justified by all everyday experience but even constitutes the whole basis of classical physics. . . . As soon as we are dealing, however, with phenomena like individual atomic processes which, due to their very nature, are essentially determined by the ...
... observation. This assumption is not only fully justified by all everyday experience but even constitutes the whole basis of classical physics. . . . As soon as we are dealing, however, with phenomena like individual atomic processes which, due to their very nature, are essentially determined by the ...
Formalism and Interpretation in Quantum Theory1 1 Two Views of
... One approach to a generalized probability theory begins with an abstract convex set Ω of “states”. In practice, this will be a convex subset of a real vector space V , though the particular ambient space is largely irrelevant here. Unless otherwise indicated, I’ll assume that V is finite-dimensional ...
... One approach to a generalized probability theory begins with an abstract convex set Ω of “states”. In practice, this will be a convex subset of a real vector space V , though the particular ambient space is largely irrelevant here. Unless otherwise indicated, I’ll assume that V is finite-dimensional ...
The Power of Quantum Advice
... If NP BQP/qpoly, then coNPNP QMAPromiseQMA. Proof Idea: A coNPNP statement has the form x y R(x,y). By the hypothesis and BQP/qpoly = YQP/poly, there exists an advice string s, such that any quantum state consistent with s lets us solve NP problems (and some such is consistent). ...
... If NP BQP/qpoly, then coNPNP QMAPromiseQMA. Proof Idea: A coNPNP statement has the form x y R(x,y). By the hypothesis and BQP/qpoly = YQP/poly, there exists an advice string s, such that any quantum state consistent with s lets us solve NP problems (and some such is consistent). ...
Quantum Theory of Solid State Plasma Dielectric Response
... and sums over them are denoted by ∑i. • Mutual independence of the continuum of variables at all points x (for a fixed time t): (δ symbolizes variation for members of a continuum of variables as does ∂ for a discrete set of variables), ...
... and sums over them are denoted by ∑i. • Mutual independence of the continuum of variables at all points x (for a fixed time t): (δ symbolizes variation for members of a continuum of variables as does ∂ for a discrete set of variables), ...
what is a wave?
... To describe EM wave propagation in other media, two properties of the medium are important, its electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ. These are also complex parameters. ...
... To describe EM wave propagation in other media, two properties of the medium are important, its electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ. These are also complex parameters. ...
Quantum Copy-Protection and Quantum Money
... quantum |f from the software store, then we can only hope for computational security, not information-theoretic We know copy-protection is fundamentally impossible in the classical world (not that that’s stopped people from trying…) Question: Can you have a quantum state |f that lets you efficie ...
... quantum |f from the software store, then we can only hope for computational security, not information-theoretic We know copy-protection is fundamentally impossible in the classical world (not that that’s stopped people from trying…) Question: Can you have a quantum state |f that lets you efficie ...
interference as measurement -- quantum states of light, single
... inside a von Neumann Hamiltonian. But it doesn't obey conservation of number! • Fields and phases are always measured by beating against another oscillator which already has a phase (i.e., an uncertain number). To observe interference, one must be unsure whether any given particle came from the syst ...
... inside a von Neumann Hamiltonian. But it doesn't obey conservation of number! • Fields and phases are always measured by beating against another oscillator which already has a phase (i.e., an uncertain number). To observe interference, one must be unsure whether any given particle came from the syst ...
Quantum Algorithms for Evaluating MIN
... iterations suffice to obtain error probability less than any particular constant. We now consider the fact that the subroutines for And-Or and searching can fail. First, note that, by incurring a multiplicative factor of only O(log log(N)), each call to the And-Or and search algorithm can be amplifi ...
... iterations suffice to obtain error probability less than any particular constant. We now consider the fact that the subroutines for And-Or and searching can fail. First, note that, by incurring a multiplicative factor of only O(log log(N)), each call to the And-Or and search algorithm can be amplifi ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
... dot D1 (not elongated). We calculated the electron states for the elongated dot D 2 as well and the results are qualita tively the same (not shown). The result o f Fig. 1(b) are in good agreement with the experimental findings. The theoret ical and experimental results conclusively point to the fi ...
... dot D1 (not elongated). We calculated the electron states for the elongated dot D 2 as well and the results are qualita tively the same (not shown). The result o f Fig. 1(b) are in good agreement with the experimental findings. The theoret ical and experimental results conclusively point to the fi ...
Calculating the Charging Energy of a Non Neutral
... Quantum dots are nanometer scale semiconductor devices. Their small size leads to unique behavior different from that of macroscopic semiconductors. Our objective is to generalize the Thomas-Fermi method of atomic physics to understand the electronic structure of quantum dots. The problems we wish t ...
... Quantum dots are nanometer scale semiconductor devices. Their small size leads to unique behavior different from that of macroscopic semiconductors. Our objective is to generalize the Thomas-Fermi method of atomic physics to understand the electronic structure of quantum dots. The problems we wish t ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.