Quantum Critical Systems from ADS/CFT
... where 1 is the a 2 × 2 unit matrix. In the following chapters, we sometimes denote G as the Green’s function and it refers to G1 . When m ≤ 1/2, there is an alternative definition of the Green’s function by Gα = −iaα /bα . The simple diagonal form of the Green’s function is due to the fact that only ...
... where 1 is the a 2 × 2 unit matrix. In the following chapters, we sometimes denote G as the Green’s function and it refers to G1 . When m ≤ 1/2, there is an alternative definition of the Green’s function by Gα = −iaα /bα . The simple diagonal form of the Green’s function is due to the fact that only ...
Current fluctuations in single electron devices
... their phase coherence over distances larger than the sample size, leading to interference effects which cannot be described classically. Moreover, in these devices the confining potential changes over length scales which are comparable with the electron wavelength, so that quantized states are forme ...
... their phase coherence over distances larger than the sample size, leading to interference effects which cannot be described classically. Moreover, in these devices the confining potential changes over length scales which are comparable with the electron wavelength, so that quantized states are forme ...
Transport properties of normal liquid helium
... where N is the number of particles, and is related to the single-particle and number variable density operators. To obtain both portions of the memory kernel one requires as input the values of the memory function at t = 0, its second time derivative at t = 0, and the vertex. While these properties ...
... where N is the number of particles, and is related to the single-particle and number variable density operators. To obtain both portions of the memory kernel one requires as input the values of the memory function at t = 0, its second time derivative at t = 0, and the vertex. While these properties ...
Solving the quantum many-body problem via
... From an experimental viewpoint, an operational solution to the quantum many-body problem is therefore equivalent to measuring all multi-particle correlations. For certain problems, however, knowledge of only a specific set of (few-body or lower-order) correlations is sufficient to allow a solution o ...
... From an experimental viewpoint, an operational solution to the quantum many-body problem is therefore equivalent to measuring all multi-particle correlations. For certain problems, however, knowledge of only a specific set of (few-body or lower-order) correlations is sufficient to allow a solution o ...
Far-infrared-driven electron-hole correlations in a quantum dot with an internal... Roger Sakhel, Lars Jo¨nsson, and John W. Wilkins
... that selection rule are optically dark 共nonradiative兲. The intersublevel transitions occur between levels of the same particle and follow the normal dipole selection rules for the envelope functions. That is, even parity↔odd parity in the x direction. In the growth direction, the orbitals have diffe ...
... that selection rule are optically dark 共nonradiative兲. The intersublevel transitions occur between levels of the same particle and follow the normal dipole selection rules for the envelope functions. That is, even parity↔odd parity in the x direction. In the growth direction, the orbitals have diffe ...
Consciousness in the universe A review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory ScienceDirect
... [21], and also propagate through brain regions as synchronized zones [22]. Does precise synchrony require electrical synapses (‘gap junctions’) and/or quantum entanglement? Does synchrony reflect discrete, unified conscious moments? ‘Non-computability’ and causal agency As shown by Gödel’s theorem, ...
... [21], and also propagate through brain regions as synchronized zones [22]. Does precise synchrony require electrical synapses (‘gap junctions’) and/or quantum entanglement? Does synchrony reflect discrete, unified conscious moments? ‘Non-computability’ and causal agency As shown by Gödel’s theorem, ...
29 Electronic Response to External Perturbations
... The transport and optical properties of solids are due primarily to the electron system and to a lesser extent to the ions. These properties were discussed in Chapters 24 and 25 without taking the interaction between electrons into account, although its role may be important in some cases. In this c ...
... The transport and optical properties of solids are due primarily to the electron system and to a lesser extent to the ions. These properties were discussed in Chapters 24 and 25 without taking the interaction between electrons into account, although its role may be important in some cases. In this c ...
Bessel Functions and Their Applications: Solution to Schrödinger
... Bessel function were studied by Euler, Lagrange and the Bernoulli. The Bessel functions were first used by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel to explain the three body motion, with the Bessel function which emerge in the series expansion of planetary perturbation. Bessel function are named for Friedrich Wilhe ...
... Bessel function were studied by Euler, Lagrange and the Bernoulli. The Bessel functions were first used by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel to explain the three body motion, with the Bessel function which emerge in the series expansion of planetary perturbation. Bessel function are named for Friedrich Wilhe ...
A Bird`s-Eye View of Density
... solids in physics. First applications relevant for fields traditionally considered more distant from quantum mechanics, such as biology and mineralogy are beginning to appear. Superconductivity, atoms in the focus of strong laser pulses, relativistic effects in heavy elements and in atomic nuclei, c ...
... solids in physics. First applications relevant for fields traditionally considered more distant from quantum mechanics, such as biology and mineralogy are beginning to appear. Superconductivity, atoms in the focus of strong laser pulses, relativistic effects in heavy elements and in atomic nuclei, c ...
arXiv:hep-th/9703136v1 19 Mar 1997
... school Quantum Symmetry, plus an extra lecture on BPS states and D-branes that summarizes some important developments that have taken place after the school. It should be regarded as a broad-brushed sketch of modern views on quantum field theory and string theory, stressing moduli spaces, duality an ...
... school Quantum Symmetry, plus an extra lecture on BPS states and D-branes that summarizes some important developments that have taken place after the school. It should be regarded as a broad-brushed sketch of modern views on quantum field theory and string theory, stressing moduli spaces, duality an ...
Quantum Computational Complexity - Cheriton School of Computer
... are decision problems for which the input is assumed to be drawn from some subset of all possible input strings. More formally, a promise problem is a pair A = ( Ayes , Ano ), where Ayes , Ano ⊆ Σ∗ are sets of strings satisfying Ayes ∩ Ano = ∅. The strings contained in the sets Ayes and Ano are call ...
... are decision problems for which the input is assumed to be drawn from some subset of all possible input strings. More formally, a promise problem is a pair A = ( Ayes , Ano ), where Ayes , Ano ⊆ Σ∗ are sets of strings satisfying Ayes ∩ Ano = ∅. The strings contained in the sets Ayes and Ano are call ...
Chapter 1
... and embedded computing is Evolutionary Hardware, which models Darwinian Evolution directly in special hardware processors to solve decision or optimization problems. Similarly, as the Data Mining and Machine Learning methods will be used in these areas, we will observe the synergism of research in a ...
... and embedded computing is Evolutionary Hardware, which models Darwinian Evolution directly in special hardware processors to solve decision or optimization problems. Similarly, as the Data Mining and Machine Learning methods will be used in these areas, we will observe the synergism of research in a ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.