Quantum Set Intersection and its Application to Associative Memory
... analogue values |0i and |1i, known as the computational basis states, where |·i is the Dirac notation. Yet, the qubit can also have any other value that is a linear combination of |0i and |1i: |Ψi = α |0i + β |1i where α and β are any complex numbers (called the amplitudes of the basis states 0 and ...
... analogue values |0i and |1i, known as the computational basis states, where |·i is the Dirac notation. Yet, the qubit can also have any other value that is a linear combination of |0i and |1i: |Ψi = α |0i + β |1i where α and β are any complex numbers (called the amplitudes of the basis states 0 and ...
Easy introduction to quantum informatics
... IBM (in 1998): Probably in the next millenium R.F.Werner: “Even if the Quantum Computer proper were never to be built, the effort of building one, or at least deciding the feasibility of this project, will turn up many new results, likely to have applications of their own.” ...
... IBM (in 1998): Probably in the next millenium R.F.Werner: “Even if the Quantum Computer proper were never to be built, the effort of building one, or at least deciding the feasibility of this project, will turn up many new results, likely to have applications of their own.” ...
The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics: Optics
... of all higher orders came into play in the treatment by Mandel of the semi-classical photoelectron counting distribution formula. Here one has a Huctuating classical light beam falling on a photodetector, and one wishes to find the probabilities for various numbers of electrons to be emitted over a ...
... of all higher orders came into play in the treatment by Mandel of the semi-classical photoelectron counting distribution formula. Here one has a Huctuating classical light beam falling on a photodetector, and one wishes to find the probabilities for various numbers of electrons to be emitted over a ...
Griffiths-McCoy singularities in the random transverse-field Ising spin chain Ferenc Iglo´i
... generally depends both on d and on the distributions p (J) and r (J). However it becomes universal, i.e., distribution independent, in the vicinity of the critical point when z( d ) '1/(2 d ), u d u !1, in accordance with the RG results.10 The numerical results obtained about different singular quan ...
... generally depends both on d and on the distributions p (J) and r (J). However it becomes universal, i.e., distribution independent, in the vicinity of the critical point when z( d ) '1/(2 d ), u d u !1, in accordance with the RG results.10 The numerical results obtained about different singular quan ...
Construction of the exact solution of the stationary Boatman
... probability from initial state “p” in band “a” to final state “p’ “ in band “b”; the upper sign before the first integral in a right side of the equation relates to electrons and the lower sign - to holes. It should be noticed that equation (4) differs from the known Bloch equation, obtained by a li ...
... probability from initial state “p” in band “a” to final state “p’ “ in band “b”; the upper sign before the first integral in a right side of the equation relates to electrons and the lower sign - to holes. It should be noticed that equation (4) differs from the known Bloch equation, obtained by a li ...
ValenciaHiesmayr2008
... Can we violate the BI for a certain initial state and if, what is the maximum value? Hiesmayr, Eur. Phys. J. C (2007) ...
... Can we violate the BI for a certain initial state and if, what is the maximum value? Hiesmayr, Eur. Phys. J. C (2007) ...
Indistinguishability and improper mixtures
... of irreducible disturbance due to observation, it has become clear that it is an intrinsic part of the formalism of quantum mechanics (cf., e.g., Refs. 7–9). The clearest statement (and perhaps most consistent use) of the principles regarding welcher weg distinguishability is that of Feynman.(10) Sp ...
... of irreducible disturbance due to observation, it has become clear that it is an intrinsic part of the formalism of quantum mechanics (cf., e.g., Refs. 7–9). The clearest statement (and perhaps most consistent use) of the principles regarding welcher weg distinguishability is that of Feynman.(10) Sp ...
PDF Full-text
... to this question in Section 6. Our next question is whether those oscillator equations can be given a probability interpretation. Even though we suppressed the excitations along the t direction in the hadronic rest frame, it is an interesting mathematical problem to start with the oscillator wave fu ...
... to this question in Section 6. Our next question is whether those oscillator equations can be given a probability interpretation. Even though we suppressed the excitations along the t direction in the hadronic rest frame, it is an interesting mathematical problem to start with the oscillator wave fu ...
Why genetic information processing could have a quantum basis
... Continuous variables can drift, and it is not possible to figure out the extent of the drift. Discrete variables based on continuous physical properties can drift too, but they can be reset to the nearest discrete variable, eliminating the error whenever the drift is small**. These advantages of a s ...
... Continuous variables can drift, and it is not possible to figure out the extent of the drift. Discrete variables based on continuous physical properties can drift too, but they can be reset to the nearest discrete variable, eliminating the error whenever the drift is small**. These advantages of a s ...
One Hundred Years of Quantum Physics
... but were so confused that there was little basis for progress, they created quantum mechanics in three tumultuous years. They were troubled by what they were doing and in some cases distressed by what they had done. The unique situation of this crucial yet elusive theory is perhaps best summarized b ...
... but were so confused that there was little basis for progress, they created quantum mechanics in three tumultuous years. They were troubled by what they were doing and in some cases distressed by what they had done. The unique situation of this crucial yet elusive theory is perhaps best summarized b ...
1. Gravitational Thermodynamics and the Cosmological Constant
... Here it is crucial to address the history of conceiving Einstein’s Equations as purely classical equations, when they should have been conceived as purely quantum equations in which the matter represents the eigenfrequencies of the left hand side gravitational Hamiltonian. From equation (2.23) it is ...
... Here it is crucial to address the history of conceiving Einstein’s Equations as purely classical equations, when they should have been conceived as purely quantum equations in which the matter represents the eigenfrequencies of the left hand side gravitational Hamiltonian. From equation (2.23) it is ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.