Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depressive illness, schizophrenia, catatonia and mania
... The aim of this review is to establish the clinical and cost effectiveness of ECT for depressive illness, schizophrenia, catatonia and mania. ECT has been available for use since the 1930s. The therapy involves the passage of an electric current through a person’s brain while they are under a genera ...
... The aim of this review is to establish the clinical and cost effectiveness of ECT for depressive illness, schizophrenia, catatonia and mania. ECT has been available for use since the 1930s. The therapy involves the passage of an electric current through a person’s brain while they are under a genera ...
A Psychiatric Diagnosis Primer
... encountered a wide variety of academic and work environments. There is no question that a single theme persists in all human milieus: psychiatric morbidity, more commonly known as mental illness. Mental illness accounts for an untold loss of business and personal income, marital disillusionment, sch ...
... encountered a wide variety of academic and work environments. There is no question that a single theme persists in all human milieus: psychiatric morbidity, more commonly known as mental illness. Mental illness accounts for an untold loss of business and personal income, marital disillusionment, sch ...
Harmonisation of ICD–11 and DSM–V
... ICD–10 definitions of acute stress disorder. The DSM–IV reserves this diagnosis for severe dissociative reactions to a severe trauma whereas ICD–10 allows a much wider range of responses, from mild anxiety symptoms to severe dissociation. This fundamental difference in the scope of the reaction to t ...
... ICD–10 definitions of acute stress disorder. The DSM–IV reserves this diagnosis for severe dissociative reactions to a severe trauma whereas ICD–10 allows a much wider range of responses, from mild anxiety symptoms to severe dissociation. This fundamental difference in the scope of the reaction to t ...
Perfectionism and eating disorders - The Bardone
... BN, binge eating disorder [BED], or eating disorder not otherwise specified [EDNOS]); 3) assessment of perfectionism occurred using a measure with adequate psychometric properties and history of use. The list of acceptable measures included the Burns Perfectionism Scale, EDI-Perfectionism, Frost MPS ...
... BN, binge eating disorder [BED], or eating disorder not otherwise specified [EDNOS]); 3) assessment of perfectionism occurred using a measure with adequate psychometric properties and history of use. The list of acceptable measures included the Burns Perfectionism Scale, EDI-Perfectionism, Frost MPS ...
Bipolar Disorders 100 years after manic
... What we today call depression, mania, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, organic psychoses, anxiety disorder, hysteria, hypochondria, substance abuse, mental disorder and many others have been described already in the classical Greek period. But many of them were known to the Greeks of the pre ...
... What we today call depression, mania, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, organic psychoses, anxiety disorder, hysteria, hypochondria, substance abuse, mental disorder and many others have been described already in the classical Greek period. But many of them were known to the Greeks of the pre ...
Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment
... recurrence/relapse of depression. In the past 15 years, persistent, recyclic, negative thinking, in the form of rumination, has attracted increasing theoretical and empirical attention as an important factor. This book brings together leading theorists, researchers, and clinicians working in the fiel ...
... recurrence/relapse of depression. In the past 15 years, persistent, recyclic, negative thinking, in the form of rumination, has attracted increasing theoretical and empirical attention as an important factor. This book brings together leading theorists, researchers, and clinicians working in the fiel ...
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... with a history of attempted suicide to young men with no suicide history. Groups involved in studies were shown pictures of angry, happy, and neutral faces. The young men with a suicide history demonstrated significant differences in brain activity. Those attempting suicide were distinguished from n ...
... with a history of attempted suicide to young men with no suicide history. Groups involved in studies were shown pictures of angry, happy, and neutral faces. The young men with a suicide history demonstrated significant differences in brain activity. Those attempting suicide were distinguished from n ...
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... disorders, each revision has been met with criticism due to the changes in diagnostic categories and the removal or inclusion of specific disorders (2). The publication of the DSM-5 has been especially controversial and has received a great deal of criticism throughout the entire revision process. C ...
... disorders, each revision has been met with criticism due to the changes in diagnostic categories and the removal or inclusion of specific disorders (2). The publication of the DSM-5 has been especially controversial and has received a great deal of criticism throughout the entire revision process. C ...
DSM-5: A Comprehensive Review
... has been considered the standard for the diagnosis of mental disorders, each revision has been met with criticism due to the changes in diagnostic categories and the removal or inclusion of specific disorders.2 The publication of the DSM-5 has been especially controversial and has received a great d ...
... has been considered the standard for the diagnosis of mental disorders, each revision has been met with criticism due to the changes in diagnostic categories and the removal or inclusion of specific disorders.2 The publication of the DSM-5 has been especially controversial and has received a great d ...
Diagnosis, prevalence, pathways, consequences & treatment of insomnia Review Article
... enjoy family and social life, along with more impaired interpersonal relationships with spouses27. In terms of vocational functioning, chronic insomnia is associated with less job satisfaction and productivity, poorer performance scores, and increased absenteeism31-33. Health consequences Mood disor ...
... enjoy family and social life, along with more impaired interpersonal relationships with spouses27. In terms of vocational functioning, chronic insomnia is associated with less job satisfaction and productivity, poorer performance scores, and increased absenteeism31-33. Health consequences Mood disor ...
1 DSM-5 A Comprehensive Review Dr. Jassin M. Jouria is a medical
... The need for a classification of mental disorders has been clear throughout the history of medicine, but until recently there was little agreement on which disorders should be included and the optimal method for their organization. The many different classification systems that were developed over t ...
... The need for a classification of mental disorders has been clear throughout the history of medicine, but until recently there was little agreement on which disorders should be included and the optimal method for their organization. The many different classification systems that were developed over t ...
posttraumatic stress and adaptation in patients following acute
... will fully recover from this emotional distress, some do not recover and distress can persist for a significant period of time. The persistent and severe psychological distress experienced by some patients may actually satisfy criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. PTSD risk factor research indicates tha ...
... will fully recover from this emotional distress, some do not recover and distress can persist for a significant period of time. The persistent and severe psychological distress experienced by some patients may actually satisfy criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. PTSD risk factor research indicates tha ...
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... Suicidal ideation/attempts are a clear indication that something is very wrong in a person’s life. Most people who die by suicide have a mental or emotional disorder. Suicide research often uses a method of termed “psychological autopsy,” in which researchers conduct interviews with family members a ...
... Suicidal ideation/attempts are a clear indication that something is very wrong in a person’s life. Most people who die by suicide have a mental or emotional disorder. Suicide research often uses a method of termed “psychological autopsy,” in which researchers conduct interviews with family members a ...
A n e
... of self-harming behaviours among a sample of South African university students (N = 603), as well as the relationship between deliberate self-harm (DSH) and symptoms of depression and anxiety. A battery of instruments, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( ...
... of self-harming behaviours among a sample of South African university students (N = 603), as well as the relationship between deliberate self-harm (DSH) and symptoms of depression and anxiety. A battery of instruments, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( ...
ADHD and Comorbid Conditions
... individuals with ADHD, consistent findings have shown image regarding decreased dopaminergic transmission in these areas. A dopamine 4 (D4 receptor) is related to cognitive and emotional functioning is densely in prefrontal cortex of the brain. Genetics studies indicate the DRD4-7 repeat allele locu ...
... individuals with ADHD, consistent findings have shown image regarding decreased dopaminergic transmission in these areas. A dopamine 4 (D4 receptor) is related to cognitive and emotional functioning is densely in prefrontal cortex of the brain. Genetics studies indicate the DRD4-7 repeat allele locu ...
Acknowledgments Disclaimer
... One soldier talks about his story: “I don't know what the trigger was. Maybe it was the young Soldier, a mother of two who was just redeployed, who I watched cut down after she hanged herself weeks after returning from battle earlier. Maybe it was the faces of the children I see on all the doors I k ...
... One soldier talks about his story: “I don't know what the trigger was. Maybe it was the young Soldier, a mother of two who was just redeployed, who I watched cut down after she hanged herself weeks after returning from battle earlier. Maybe it was the faces of the children I see on all the doors I k ...
Characteristics of Chronic Nightmares in a Trauma-Exposed Treatment-Seeking Sample
... The majority of studies on nightmares in trauma-exposed samples have focused on their prevalence, content, and association with PTSD. “Trauma nightmares” or “PTSD nightmares” are generally thought of as being exact replays (i.e., replicative) of a traumatic event. Indeed, Ross, Ball, Sullivan, and C ...
... The majority of studies on nightmares in trauma-exposed samples have focused on their prevalence, content, and association with PTSD. “Trauma nightmares” or “PTSD nightmares” are generally thought of as being exact replays (i.e., replicative) of a traumatic event. Indeed, Ross, Ball, Sullivan, and C ...
The traumatization of grief?
... Predictors of grief following the death of one's child: the contribution of finding meaning† This study examined the relative contribution of objective risk factors and meaning-making to grief severity among 157 parents who had lost a child to death. Results showed that the violence of the deat ...
... Predictors of grief following the death of one's child: the contribution of finding meaning† This study examined the relative contribution of objective risk factors and meaning-making to grief severity among 157 parents who had lost a child to death. Results showed that the violence of the deat ...
The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders
... and the special committee on classification, assembled comments of numerous psychiatrists in its member associations and gave most valuable advice during both the field trials and the finalization of the proposals. Other nongovernmental organizations in official and working relations with WHO, inclu ...
... and the special committee on classification, assembled comments of numerous psychiatrists in its member associations and gave most valuable advice during both the field trials and the finalization of the proposals. Other nongovernmental organizations in official and working relations with WHO, inclu ...
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
... affective flattening may smile and warm up occasionally, his or her range of emotional expressiveness is clearly diminished most of the time. It may be useful to observe the person interacting with peers to determine whether affective flattening is sufficiently persistent to meet the criterion. Alo ...
... affective flattening may smile and warm up occasionally, his or her range of emotional expressiveness is clearly diminished most of the time. It may be useful to observe the person interacting with peers to determine whether affective flattening is sufficiently persistent to meet the criterion. Alo ...
Full Issue - The Professional Counselor
... Consider to what extent signs and symptoms are related to another medical condition. Clients present with signs and symptoms that may be caused by or coincident with another medical condition in a variety of ways. Nussbaum (2013) defined possible manifestations including (a) medical conditions that ...
... Consider to what extent signs and symptoms are related to another medical condition. Clients present with signs and symptoms that may be caused by or coincident with another medical condition in a variety of ways. Nussbaum (2013) defined possible manifestations including (a) medical conditions that ...
Bipolar Disorder
... leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with high rates of both morbidity and mortality; for example, death by suicide affects up to 5% of people with bipolar disorder.2,4 Although bipolar disorder represents a major public health problem, its causes remain incompletely understood. ...
... leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with high rates of both morbidity and mortality; for example, death by suicide affects up to 5% of people with bipolar disorder.2,4 Although bipolar disorder represents a major public health problem, its causes remain incompletely understood. ...
The bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, anxiety
... 6.2.1. Bidirectionality across various age groups and cultures ..................................................................161 6.2.2. Bidirectionality across different methods of assessment ................................................................163 6.2.3. Bidirectionality and follow- ...
... 6.2.1. Bidirectionality across various age groups and cultures ..................................................................161 6.2.2. Bidirectionality across different methods of assessment ................................................................163 6.2.3. Bidirectionality and follow- ...
UNDERSTANDING ABNORMALITY: DEFINITION
... psychological or social? This is referred to as the nature-nurture question - is the abnormality caused by something in the nature or biology of the person or due to nurturing factors like life experiences. Social scientists are of the view that there is an interaction between these factors and have ...
... psychological or social? This is referred to as the nature-nurture question - is the abnormality caused by something in the nature or biology of the person or due to nurturing factors like life experiences. Social scientists are of the view that there is an interaction between these factors and have ...
Cognitive risks in developmental psychopathology 1 Cognitive Risks
... inferential style predicts, especially in interaction with stressors, depression. In addition, as discussed in the literature review, prospective longitudinal studies suggest that impairments in EF, memory, attention and related brain systems predict later psychosis, ADHD, and PTSD, suggesting that ...
... inferential style predicts, especially in interaction with stressors, depression. In addition, as discussed in the literature review, prospective longitudinal studies suggest that impairments in EF, memory, attention and related brain systems predict later psychosis, ADHD, and PTSD, suggesting that ...
Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD) (also known as clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder; or as recurrent depression in the case of repeated episodes) is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The term ""depression"" is used in a number of different ways. It is often used to mean this syndrome but may refer to other mood disorders or simply to a low mood. Major depressive disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person's family, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. In the United States, around 3.4% of people with major depression commit suicide, and up to 60% of people who commit suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the patient's self-reported experiences, behavior reported by relatives or friends, and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression, although physicians generally request tests for physical conditions that may cause similar symptoms. The most common time of onset is between the ages of 20 and 30 years, with a later peak between 30 and 40 years.Typically, people are treated with antidepressant medication and, in many cases, also receive counseling, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Medication appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with associated self-neglect or a significant risk of harm to self or others. A minority are treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The course of the disorder varies widely, from one episode lasting weeks to a lifelong disorder with recurrent major depressive episodes. Depressed individuals have shorter life expectancies than those without depression, in part because of greater susceptibility to medical illnesses and suicide. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Current and former patients may be stigmatized.The understanding of the nature and causes of depression has evolved over the centuries, though this understanding is incomplete and has left many aspects of depression as the subject of discussion and research. Proposed causes include psychological, psycho-social, hereditary, evolutionary and biological factors. Long-term substance abuse may cause or worsen depressive symptoms. Psychological treatments are based on theories of personality, interpersonal communication, and learning. Most biological theories focus on the monoamine chemicals serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, which are naturally present in the brain and assist communication between nerve cells. This cluster of symptoms (syndrome) was named, described and classified as one of the mood disorders in the 1980 edition of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual.