4. Third scenario: Sexual selection and a run
... openings, the tongue) are the relevant motor rhythms; while for the semantics of languages the understanding of control and causation is basic, and could serve to lay the groundwork for the basic sentence schemata (deep cases, valences). A scenario for the evolution of motor-control, which in turn ...
... openings, the tongue) are the relevant motor rhythms; while for the semantics of languages the understanding of control and causation is basic, and could serve to lay the groundwork for the basic sentence schemata (deep cases, valences). A scenario for the evolution of motor-control, which in turn ...
Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Linguistic Diversity
... hunter–gatherer societies of the time, the dominant force in language creation is likely to have been fissioning mechanisms, which resulted from a maximum group size of around 500–1000 individuals (Hamilton et al. 2007). The time since settlement does not, however, strongly correlate with linguistic ...
... hunter–gatherer societies of the time, the dominant force in language creation is likely to have been fissioning mechanisms, which resulted from a maximum group size of around 500–1000 individuals (Hamilton et al. 2007). The time since settlement does not, however, strongly correlate with linguistic ...
Of words and fog
... attempts to commensurate them are key sites of political struggle. My intention in this article is neither to offer a review of this increasingly prominent body of literature nor, in any direct way, to contribute to it. Rather, I wish simply to suggest that a prerequisite to engaging in the already ...
... attempts to commensurate them are key sites of political struggle. My intention in this article is neither to offer a review of this increasingly prominent body of literature nor, in any direct way, to contribute to it. Rather, I wish simply to suggest that a prerequisite to engaging in the already ...
To: Speaker of the Rice University Faculty Senate Chair of the
... and social interactional mores within socio-cultural contexts that help language users/learners become effective in a second language. What is more, the study of intercultural communication helps students gain increased awareness about communicative processes in their first language as well. At the ...
... and social interactional mores within socio-cultural contexts that help language users/learners become effective in a second language. What is more, the study of intercultural communication helps students gain increased awareness about communicative processes in their first language as well. At the ...
On the Cultivation of Cross-culture Communication Competence of
... Language and culture has always been an inseparable unity. Language contains extremely rich cultural connotations, which not only have the history and culture heritage, but also mirror the reality of the culture (Zhang, 2007). Language itself is the product and component of culture. Also is the carr ...
... Language and culture has always been an inseparable unity. Language contains extremely rich cultural connotations, which not only have the history and culture heritage, but also mirror the reality of the culture (Zhang, 2007). Language itself is the product and component of culture. Also is the carr ...
Tailoring language provision and requirements
... in which they started to realise themselves as persons (personal identity), as members of a family and social group (social identity), and in which they developed values important for their lives (cultural/ religious identity). The more people have to leave behind, the more important their first lan ...
... in which they started to realise themselves as persons (personal identity), as members of a family and social group (social identity), and in which they developed values important for their lives (cultural/ religious identity). The more people have to leave behind, the more important their first lan ...
Some Principles on the use of Macro
... Here we find another likely inconsistency in the macro-area assignments. The genus Oceanic, making up the eastern half of the white dots on Map 6, is clearly adjacent to the languages of the ‘Australia and New Guinea’ area rather than the Southeast Asia area. The assignment of the Oceanic genus to ...
... Here we find another likely inconsistency in the macro-area assignments. The genus Oceanic, making up the eastern half of the white dots on Map 6, is clearly adjacent to the languages of the ‘Australia and New Guinea’ area rather than the Southeast Asia area. The assignment of the Oceanic genus to ...
12/2/2011 - Nicholas` e
... Linguistic anthropologists have studied the similarities and differences between and among languages and have collectively established the theory of linguistic relativity. This is the concept that the language that one speaks affects the way one perceives the world around him (Lucy 1997). 20th cent ...
... Linguistic anthropologists have studied the similarities and differences between and among languages and have collectively established the theory of linguistic relativity. This is the concept that the language that one speaks affects the way one perceives the world around him (Lucy 1997). 20th cent ...
Chapter 10 - Non-verbal Information and Artistic Expression in the
... One can roughly classify human communication and forms of information as being either verbal or non-verbal. We have already examined the various forms of verbal information in the symbolosphere as was the case with speech, writing, mathematics, science, computing, the Internet, and the conceptual an ...
... One can roughly classify human communication and forms of information as being either verbal or non-verbal. We have already examined the various forms of verbal information in the symbolosphere as was the case with speech, writing, mathematics, science, computing, the Internet, and the conceptual an ...
Thinking about language: Chomsky – Geoff Poole
... regards social/public entities such as ‘English’ or ‘Spanish’ as not well-defined. E.g. if you attempted to write a ‘grammar of English’, where would you draw its geographical and chronological boundaries? Does the same set of rules underlie the language one hears in, say, Newcastle and Bombay? 4. P ...
... regards social/public entities such as ‘English’ or ‘Spanish’ as not well-defined. E.g. if you attempted to write a ‘grammar of English’, where would you draw its geographical and chronological boundaries? Does the same set of rules underlie the language one hears in, say, Newcastle and Bombay? 4. P ...
CULTURE IN LANGUAGES – MULTIPLICITY OF INTERPRETATIONS
... old ones have been spread with some different settling or being consumed by a majority nation. The idea of an intimate relationship between language, people, nation, culture and land has been emphasised. National languages as objects were constructed around the centrality of the nation state, and th ...
... old ones have been spread with some different settling or being consumed by a majority nation. The idea of an intimate relationship between language, people, nation, culture and land has been emphasised. National languages as objects were constructed around the centrality of the nation state, and th ...
the relation between language and other areas of
... This definition makes emphasis in the task or work that needs to be done in order to find something new in relation to existing knowledge. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the basis for any research has to do with what already exist in the different areas of knowledge. Pure investigation can ...
... This definition makes emphasis in the task or work that needs to be done in order to find something new in relation to existing knowledge. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the basis for any research has to do with what already exist in the different areas of knowledge. Pure investigation can ...
Language and Ethnicity in Central and Eastern Europe: Some
... There were, as a matter of fact, some attempts to construct political nations on a geographical rather than a cultural-linguistic base - Bohemianism, the idea that all the inhabitants of Bohemia regardless of their culture and language, constituted a nation, was one of these. It failed, because it l ...
... There were, as a matter of fact, some attempts to construct political nations on a geographical rather than a cultural-linguistic base - Bohemianism, the idea that all the inhabitants of Bohemia regardless of their culture and language, constituted a nation, was one of these. It failed, because it l ...
Lect 17 theories1
... 3. Substratist (1880s): borrow words from lexifier but retain grammar and phonology of the substrate (creole as hybrid). 4. Baby-talk/Foreigner simplification (1930s): imperfect second language learning plus simplification of input. 5. Polygenesis (1950s): substrate influence combined with super ...
... 3. Substratist (1880s): borrow words from lexifier but retain grammar and phonology of the substrate (creole as hybrid). 4. Baby-talk/Foreigner simplification (1930s): imperfect second language learning plus simplification of input. 5. Polygenesis (1950s): substrate influence combined with super ...
Assessment of the Social Functions and Vitality of the Yi Language
... although some do understand basic everyday expressions; and grandchildren basically cannot speak Yi. Even among those whose mother tongue is Yi, they have limited domains of use for Yi. Since language preservation, concurrent use, and shift is a dynamic process, this study will place emphasis on the ...
... although some do understand basic everyday expressions; and grandchildren basically cannot speak Yi. Even among those whose mother tongue is Yi, they have limited domains of use for Yi. Since language preservation, concurrent use, and shift is a dynamic process, this study will place emphasis on the ...
Language Shift in an `Importing Culture` - Anthropology
... First, repeatedly in this area of the world we find that high-level group boundaries fail to coincide with linguistic ones. In the Arapesh area there was never any basis for people to assume that they would share the most important features of their social identity with fellow speakers. Before pacific ...
... First, repeatedly in this area of the world we find that high-level group boundaries fail to coincide with linguistic ones. In the Arapesh area there was never any basis for people to assume that they would share the most important features of their social identity with fellow speakers. Before pacific ...
Spring 2013
... Whether arising though conquest and colonization, immigration, enslavement, or the creation of a political state that ignores "natural" ethnic territories, linguistic minorities have existed at least since the dawn of history. Virtually without exception, where there exists a linguistic minority, th ...
... Whether arising though conquest and colonization, immigration, enslavement, or the creation of a political state that ignores "natural" ethnic territories, linguistic minorities have existed at least since the dawn of history. Virtually without exception, where there exists a linguistic minority, th ...
english as a global language: its historical past and its future
... language than their own language(s). In turn, the low frequency of using particular language may cause the language to vanish. This was true when English was introduced to academic life. The establishment of the English Association in 1907 marked more the eclipse of classics by English. The associat ...
... language than their own language(s). In turn, the low frequency of using particular language may cause the language to vanish. This was true when English was introduced to academic life. The establishment of the English Association in 1907 marked more the eclipse of classics by English. The associat ...
- Philsci
... does not say anything about logical connectives, such as conjunction, disjunction, material implication or negation in the language L. Second, antonyms frequently depend on a given context. For example, the string “close” may be an antonym for “open” if we are comparing the strings “close the door” ...
... does not say anything about logical connectives, such as conjunction, disjunction, material implication or negation in the language L. Second, antonyms frequently depend on a given context. For example, the string “close” may be an antonym for “open” if we are comparing the strings “close the door” ...
"Expert Rhetorics" in Advocacy for Endangered Languages: Who Is
... that the world consists of a single web of complexity that is the foundation for human and planetary survival, and that pulling on any thread—a single endangered species or language—may collapse the whole. Finally, the theme is rooted in a logic in which human beings can think of dimensions of the n ...
... that the world consists of a single web of complexity that is the foundation for human and planetary survival, and that pulling on any thread—a single endangered species or language—may collapse the whole. Finally, the theme is rooted in a logic in which human beings can think of dimensions of the n ...
At two months of age
... • Attainment of equal fluency is not typically attained. When less fluency occurs in the language in which the child is schooled, problems may arise. • Preschool and school-aged children: advantage in metalinguistic ability • Infants: language vocabulary divided between two languages; lag in word kn ...
... • Attainment of equal fluency is not typically attained. When less fluency occurs in the language in which the child is schooled, problems may arise. • Preschool and school-aged children: advantage in metalinguistic ability • Infants: language vocabulary divided between two languages; lag in word kn ...
English in the Social Sciences (A. De Swaan)
... this allows anyone who so desires to learn their own or a foreign language in the standard version. On the contrary, the illiterates in the (semi)peripheral societies, numerous as they are, find themselves effectively excluded from that option. As a result, the educated elites in these (semi)periphe ...
... this allows anyone who so desires to learn their own or a foreign language in the standard version. On the contrary, the illiterates in the (semi)peripheral societies, numerous as they are, find themselves effectively excluded from that option. As a result, the educated elites in these (semi)periphe ...
PDF - Berghahn Journals
... this new social order which have prompted contemporary anthropologists to move away from the classic single-sited fieldwork towards multi-sited or multi-local fieldwork. The authors contend that both the field and fieldwork itself are more fluid, an idea which in many ways builds on existing ambigui ...
... this new social order which have prompted contemporary anthropologists to move away from the classic single-sited fieldwork towards multi-sited or multi-local fieldwork. The authors contend that both the field and fieldwork itself are more fluid, an idea which in many ways builds on existing ambigui ...
PowerPoint - Council of Europe
... motivated learners and have positive attitudes towards school … [they] often perform at levels significantly lower than their native peers” When poor performance at school is languagerelated, it is attributable above all to difficulties in mastering academic language - the terminology and forms of ...
... motivated learners and have positive attitudes towards school … [they] often perform at levels significantly lower than their native peers” When poor performance at school is languagerelated, it is attributable above all to difficulties in mastering academic language - the terminology and forms of ...
Ottenheimer 6 - Cynthia Clarke
... The standard way to determine the difference between a language and a dialect is to test for mutual intelligibility. Dialects are mutually intelligibility means that the speakers are using dialects of a language. Lack of mutual intelligibility means that the speakers are using different languages. ...
... The standard way to determine the difference between a language and a dialect is to test for mutual intelligibility. Dialects are mutually intelligibility means that the speakers are using dialects of a language. Lack of mutual intelligibility means that the speakers are using different languages. ...
Constructed language
A planned or constructed language (sometimes called a conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary have been consciously devised for human or human-like communication, instead of having developed naturally. It is also referred to as an artificial or invented language. There are many possible reasons to create a constructed language, such as: to ease human communication (see international auxiliary language and code), to give fiction or an associated constructed world an added layer of realism during worldbuilding, for experimentation in the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, and machine learning, for artistic creation, and for language games.The expression planned language is sometimes used to mean international auxiliary languages and other languages designed for actual use in human communication. Some prefer it to the term ""artificial"", as that term may have pejorative connotations in some languages. Outside Esperanto culture, the term language planning means the prescriptions given to a natural language to standardize it; in this regard, even ""natural languages"" may be artificial in some respects. Prescriptive grammars, which date to ancient times for classical languages such as Latin and Sanskrit, are rule-based codifications of natural languages, such codifications being a middle ground between naive natural selection and development of language and its explicit construction. The term glossopoeia is also used to mean language construction, particularly construction of artistic languages.As a quantitative example of the use of conlangs within a country, the Hungarian census of 2001 found 4570 speakers of Esperanto, 10 for Romanid, 4 for Esperantido, 2 each for Interlingua and Ido and 1 each for Idiom Neutral and Mundolingue.