Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Weathering Processes on the
... sanitary applications continues to increase. The durability, low cost, light weight and hydrophobic nature of plastic make it a desirable material for numerous applications; however, these same characteristics make plastic debris in natural environments a pervasive problem. Increases in plastic use ...
... sanitary applications continues to increase. The durability, low cost, light weight and hydrophobic nature of plastic make it a desirable material for numerous applications; however, these same characteristics make plastic debris in natural environments a pervasive problem. Increases in plastic use ...
Construction of a test embankment using a sand–tire shred mixture
... are on average floating in a sand matrix. This explains why, on a plot of emin,mix vs. sand content, there is a minimum at a certain value of sand content. Ahmed (1993) performed laboratory tests to determine the maximum dry unit weight of mixtures prepared with various tire shred–sand mixing ratios. ...
... are on average floating in a sand matrix. This explains why, on a plot of emin,mix vs. sand content, there is a minimum at a certain value of sand content. Ahmed (1993) performed laboratory tests to determine the maximum dry unit weight of mixtures prepared with various tire shred–sand mixing ratios. ...
Annual (interim) report. Reporting Period
... slowness. This was the case for Posidonia shapefiles from Malta and for southern Mediterranean countries from RAC/SPA. The Maltese spatial data became available too late in the process for them to be included in the testing of the light threshold and integration in the substrate data for the present ...
... slowness. This was the case for Posidonia shapefiles from Malta and for southern Mediterranean countries from RAC/SPA. The Maltese spatial data became available too late in the process for them to be included in the testing of the light threshold and integration in the substrate data for the present ...
Benthic Exchange and Biogeochemical Cycling in Permeable
... size spectrum and sorting of these permeable deposits reflect the effects of cross-shelf transport processes and latitudinal location. The fraction of gravel increases in subpolar and polar regions, whereas finer deposits are more widespread in humid tropical areas, where carbonate sediments are commo ...
... size spectrum and sorting of these permeable deposits reflect the effects of cross-shelf transport processes and latitudinal location. The fraction of gravel increases in subpolar and polar regions, whereas finer deposits are more widespread in humid tropical areas, where carbonate sediments are commo ...
Indicator 3 Quantification and classification of beach litter items
... Please provide scientific background for the indicator including reference materials Background: The problem of marine litter and the associated environmental and social impacts are attracting growing interests from diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil societies and academia. Monitori ...
... Please provide scientific background for the indicator including reference materials Background: The problem of marine litter and the associated environmental and social impacts are attracting growing interests from diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil societies and academia. Monitori ...
Stories in IPRC Climate
... The “bottle–drifter” experiment is next. Back at the IPRC, the team had brainstormed about how to get more clues to the bay’s currents. The usual instruments for studying currents are drifters with heavy, long drogues so that they stick out of the water only a little bit, and their movement reflects ...
... The “bottle–drifter” experiment is next. Back at the IPRC, the team had brainstormed about how to get more clues to the bay’s currents. The usual instruments for studying currents are drifters with heavy, long drogues so that they stick out of the water only a little bit, and their movement reflects ...
English - SciELO Colombia
... pore water pressure which builds up during load cycles imparted by earthquakes or vibrations. If excess pore pressures increase enough, the soil may lose all its strength and rigidity, leading eventually to behaviour similar to that of liquid, hence the term liquefaction. Due to soil liquefaction, t ...
... pore water pressure which builds up during load cycles imparted by earthquakes or vibrations. If excess pore pressures increase enough, the soil may lose all its strength and rigidity, leading eventually to behaviour similar to that of liquid, hence the term liquefaction. Due to soil liquefaction, t ...
Base and Precious Metal Deposits in the Deep Sea: A Coming
... The Nauru deposit and many of the large phosphorite deposits on land have nearly been depleted and finding additional large deposits on the continents is unlikely. The last large deposit to be found is in northern Saudi Arabia and mining will soon begin there. Offshore deposits that have been consid ...
... The Nauru deposit and many of the large phosphorite deposits on land have nearly been depleted and finding additional large deposits on the continents is unlikely. The last large deposit to be found is in northern Saudi Arabia and mining will soon begin there. Offshore deposits that have been consid ...
PDF - compatibile with Acrobat 4.0
... In marine environments, biotic and abiotic environmental factors have important effects on phytoplankton succession and abundance. The eastern Mediterranean Sea is one of the most oligotrophic marine areas in the world (Azov 1991). This pattern may have altered in the last few years, however, becaus ...
... In marine environments, biotic and abiotic environmental factors have important effects on phytoplankton succession and abundance. The eastern Mediterranean Sea is one of the most oligotrophic marine areas in the world (Azov 1991). This pattern may have altered in the last few years, however, becaus ...
Sea-floor sediments and bedforms around Turkey
... Based on the interpretation of side-scan sonar data and previous samplings (Bodur, 1987), the sediments overlying the sea floor of Karaduvar are composed of muddy sand, sand and shelly grave! materials (Fig. 28). Muddy sand covers a great part of the sea floor. Sand, accounting for an average of 58% ...
... Based on the interpretation of side-scan sonar data and previous samplings (Bodur, 1987), the sediments overlying the sea floor of Karaduvar are composed of muddy sand, sand and shelly grave! materials (Fig. 28). Muddy sand covers a great part of the sea floor. Sand, accounting for an average of 58% ...
16 - Glencoe
... Figure 16.12 Seawalls deflect the energy of waves on the beach. Groins and jetties deprive downshore beaches of sand. ...
... Figure 16.12 Seawalls deflect the energy of waves on the beach. Groins and jetties deprive downshore beaches of sand. ...
The Marine Environment
... the purpose of trapping beach sand. Groins interrupt natural longshore transport and deprive beaches down the coast of sand. The result is aggravated beach erosion down the coast from groins. Similar effects are caused by jetties, which are walls of concrete built to protect a harbor entrance from d ...
... the purpose of trapping beach sand. Groins interrupt natural longshore transport and deprive beaches down the coast of sand. The result is aggravated beach erosion down the coast from groins. Similar effects are caused by jetties, which are walls of concrete built to protect a harbor entrance from d ...
Introduction to Marine Science
... feeding in the barnacle by doing the investigation at the end of this chapter.) When the tide goes out, the barnacles are exposed to air for several hours, so they shut their shells tight to keep from drying. The barnacle’s sharp, overlapping shells also help to protect it from predators. However, a ...
... feeding in the barnacle by doing the investigation at the end of this chapter.) When the tide goes out, the barnacles are exposed to air for several hours, so they shut their shells tight to keep from drying. The barnacle’s sharp, overlapping shells also help to protect it from predators. However, a ...
CBRAT Glossary of Terms
... Metabolic energy derived from oxidation of methane, hydrogen sulfide, or other reduced molecules. A sediment environment composed of rock fragments. Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the size range of 0.001–0.004mm. Organisms that bore into hard clays. Cobble sediment ...
... Metabolic energy derived from oxidation of methane, hydrogen sulfide, or other reduced molecules. A sediment environment composed of rock fragments. Unconsolidated sediment composed of >75%, by weight, particles in the size range of 0.001–0.004mm. Organisms that bore into hard clays. Cobble sediment ...
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment
... Waves move faster in deep water than in shallow water. This difference in wave speed causes initially straight wave crests to bend when part of the crest moves into shallow water, a process known as wave refraction, illustrated in Figure 16-1. Along an irregular coast with headlands and bays, the wa ...
... Waves move faster in deep water than in shallow water. This difference in wave speed causes initially straight wave crests to bend when part of the crest moves into shallow water, a process known as wave refraction, illustrated in Figure 16-1. Along an irregular coast with headlands and bays, the wa ...
Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea.XVIII. A
... alluvium which separates it from the gravel of the main mass of the plain. The arrangement is, indeed, like that described at Ras Shalak, but on a much smallor scale. Where, however, gravel and coral meet, the former overlies the latter. The most striking case is f m n d in the cliffs of the innermo ...
... alluvium which separates it from the gravel of the main mass of the plain. The arrangement is, indeed, like that described at Ras Shalak, but on a much smallor scale. Where, however, gravel and coral meet, the former overlies the latter. The most striking case is f m n d in the cliffs of the innermo ...
The distribution and abundance of marine debris on isolated
... and cigarette butts (1-11%). Plastics were primarily composed of soft drink and water bottle lids and seal caps. Glass materials were highest at beaches open to the ocean swells where transportation of heavier materials is more likely. Cigarette butt density was highest at the beaches with high publ ...
... and cigarette butts (1-11%). Plastics were primarily composed of soft drink and water bottle lids and seal caps. Glass materials were highest at beaches open to the ocean swells where transportation of heavier materials is more likely. Cigarette butt density was highest at the beaches with high publ ...
Wave energy converters, sediment transport and coastal erosion
... required. Well vegetated and developed dunes or steep cliffs act as a natural protective boundary which minimises erosion caused by sea winds. Destroyed vegetation on dunes will often result in sand blown or washed away, which is then replaced by sand eroded upwards from the beach. Other than sedime ...
... required. Well vegetated and developed dunes or steep cliffs act as a natural protective boundary which minimises erosion caused by sea winds. Destroyed vegetation on dunes will often result in sand blown or washed away, which is then replaced by sand eroded upwards from the beach. Other than sedime ...
Structure And Function Of Marine Shoreline Ecosystems
... On a global basis, a very large fraction (>50%) of the mass flux from land to the marine environment enters from tropical rivers. Coastal–ocean processes in the wet tropics are globally important, fundamentally different than at higher latitudes, and diverse in operation. The coastal region of East ...
... On a global basis, a very large fraction (>50%) of the mass flux from land to the marine environment enters from tropical rivers. Coastal–ocean processes in the wet tropics are globally important, fundamentally different than at higher latitudes, and diverse in operation. The coastal region of East ...
Horseshoe Crab Habitat Factsheet - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries
... Adults are exclusively subtidal except during spawning. Although horseshoe crabs have been taken at depths greater than 200 meters, adults are most commonly found at depths less than 30 meters. During the spawning season, adults typically inhabit bay areas adjacent to spawning beaches and feed on bi ...
... Adults are exclusively subtidal except during spawning. Although horseshoe crabs have been taken at depths greater than 200 meters, adults are most commonly found at depths less than 30 meters. During the spawning season, adults typically inhabit bay areas adjacent to spawning beaches and feed on bi ...
The distribution of macrofauna on the inner continental
... assessed by the benthic macrofauna on the platform adjacent to the Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) on the dry and rainy seasons. The samples were collected in triplicate from 33 sites using a van Veen grab during March 2009 e a period of higher precipitation and flow rate e and July 2009 e a period of low ...
... assessed by the benthic macrofauna on the platform adjacent to the Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) on the dry and rainy seasons. The samples were collected in triplicate from 33 sites using a van Veen grab during March 2009 e a period of higher precipitation and flow rate e and July 2009 e a period of low ...
Adaptation to climate change in coastal Zones of West Africa
... The regional coordination established a Working Group on Adaptation composed of national experts, who contributed to the design and drafting, for local decision-makers, of a guide to adaptation options.The guide, entitled “Guide to adaptation options in coastal zones for local decisionmakers”, opens ...
... The regional coordination established a Working Group on Adaptation composed of national experts, who contributed to the design and drafting, for local decision-makers, of a guide to adaptation options.The guide, entitled “Guide to adaptation options in coastal zones for local decisionmakers”, opens ...
A key role of sandy beaches in the marine environment
... water. Each surface wave generated by the wind contains a significant amount of kinetic energy, which is converted in the sandy beach capillary filling with marine water, dissolved and suspended particles including detritus and microorganisms. In normal ecological conditions, this process leads to t ...
... water. Each surface wave generated by the wind contains a significant amount of kinetic energy, which is converted in the sandy beach capillary filling with marine water, dissolved and suspended particles including detritus and microorganisms. In normal ecological conditions, this process leads to t ...
Ocean page samples
... OC1. How much plastic pollution is there in the sea? OC5. What effect does marine pollution have on dolphins? OC6. Why is DDT a problem in the marine food chain? OC7. What are some of our seas contaminated with? OC8. What effect does oil have on feathers? ...
... OC1. How much plastic pollution is there in the sea? OC5. What effect does marine pollution have on dolphins? OC6. Why is DDT a problem in the marine food chain? OC7. What are some of our seas contaminated with? OC8. What effect does oil have on feathers? ...
Shallow Sandy Seas
... and deposit areas of sand and mud, which form thick, extensive sandstone and mudstone bodies in the stratigraphic record. Characteristic facies can be recognised as the products of transport and deposition by tides and storm/wave processes. Deposition in shallow marine environments is sensitive to c ...
... and deposit areas of sand and mud, which form thick, extensive sandstone and mudstone bodies in the stratigraphic record. Characteristic facies can be recognised as the products of transport and deposition by tides and storm/wave processes. Deposition in shallow marine environments is sensitive to c ...
Beach nourishment
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Beach nourishment— also referred to as beach renourishment, beach replenishment or sand replenishment —describes a process by which sediment (usually sand) lost through longshore drift or erosion is replaced from sources outside of the eroding beach. A wider beach can reduce storm damage to coastal structures by dissipating energy across the surf zone, protecting upland structures and infrastructure from storm surges, tsunamis and unusually high tides. Beach nourishment is typically part of a larger coastal defense scheme. Nourishment is typically a repetitive process, since it does not remove the physical forces that cause erosion, but simply mitigates their effects.The first nourishment project in the U.S. was at Coney Island, New York in 1922-23 and is now a common shore protection measure utilized by public and private entities.Nourishment is one of three commonly accepted methods for protecting shorelines. The structural alternative involves constructing a seawall, revetment, groin or breakwater. Alternatively, with ""managed retreat"" the shoreline is left to erode, while relocating buildings and infrastructure further inland. Nourishment gained popularity because it preserved beach resources and avoided the negative effects of hard structures. Instead, nourishment creates a “soft” (i.e., non-permanent) structure by creating a larger sand reservoir, pushing the shoreline seaward.