Proto-Roles and Case Selection in Optimality Theory
... change in sentience (tell x a story y, show x a picture y). As a possessor or an experiencer, such an argument is a Proto-Agent relative to the third participant. At the same time it is a Proto-Patient relative to the first participant, which causes its change in possession and sentience (cf. sectio ...
... change in sentience (tell x a story y, show x a picture y). As a possessor or an experiencer, such an argument is a Proto-Agent relative to the third participant. At the same time it is a Proto-Patient relative to the first participant, which causes its change in possession and sentience (cf. sectio ...
2 The Dative Case
... As the last few batches of examples show, English translations often don’t have any equivalent for si, since it is obvious that the recipient is also the subject, and si isn’t really required for Czech, either, much of the time, but that doesn’t stop the Czechs from peppering their sentences with th ...
... As the last few batches of examples show, English translations often don’t have any equivalent for si, since it is obvious that the recipient is also the subject, and si isn’t really required for Czech, either, much of the time, but that doesn’t stop the Czechs from peppering their sentences with th ...
12110/99
... My infonnants found a number of fonns to be fully or marginally acceptable in addition to the fonns that are usually cited in the literature. Specifically, many younger informants accept the e Example (28) is grammatical if the verb 'step' is tensed: ...
... My infonnants found a number of fonns to be fully or marginally acceptable in addition to the fonns that are usually cited in the literature. Specifically, many younger informants accept the e Example (28) is grammatical if the verb 'step' is tensed: ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... and Afrikaans, with the indigenous languages playing a much smaller role in the contact situation. This therefore differentiates this contact variety from Afrikaans, which predominantly arose through contact with Dutch and the indigenous languages (cf. Ponelis 1993). The contact that NG is having wi ...
... and Afrikaans, with the indigenous languages playing a much smaller role in the contact situation. This therefore differentiates this contact variety from Afrikaans, which predominantly arose through contact with Dutch and the indigenous languages (cf. Ponelis 1993). The contact that NG is having wi ...
The Case for Case - UC Berkeley Linguistics
... about universal constraints on the form of the base component) have mainly been concerned with whether the elements specified in the rules of a universal base–if there is one–are sequential or not. A common assumption is that the universal base specifies the needed syntactic relations, but the assig ...
... about universal constraints on the form of the base component) have mainly been concerned with whether the elements specified in the rules of a universal base–if there is one–are sequential or not. A common assumption is that the universal base specifies the needed syntactic relations, but the assig ...
Dutch and German R-pronouns and P-stranding: R you sure it`s P
... under.10 The discovery that simple small words such as in “spell out” larger structures than meets the eye tells us that there is a rather large disconnect between morphemes and terminal nodes, in that the latter outnumber the former. As such, the approach assumed here can be filed under the what ha ...
... under.10 The discovery that simple small words such as in “spell out” larger structures than meets the eye tells us that there is a rather large disconnect between morphemes and terminal nodes, in that the latter outnumber the former. As such, the approach assumed here can be filed under the what ha ...
Covert nominative and dative subjects in Faroese∗
... dative and nominative subjects in Faroese signals change in progress rather than stable variation. Dative subjects are losing ground in Faroese and this manifests itself in at least three ways. First, there is a general preference for nominative over dative in subject position, at least in third per ...
... dative and nominative subjects in Faroese signals change in progress rather than stable variation. Dative subjects are losing ground in Faroese and this manifests itself in at least three ways. First, there is a general preference for nominative over dative in subject position, at least in third per ...
Iconicity and Syncretism
... particularly specific ‘signalling capacities’. Thus the doubly consonantal suffix -(e)st is the only one that indicates unambiguously person as well as number with verb forms (2nd Ps. Sg.). In contradistinction verb suffixes such as -e, -(e)n, -(e)t are each dispersed over more than one person-numbe ...
... particularly specific ‘signalling capacities’. Thus the doubly consonantal suffix -(e)st is the only one that indicates unambiguously person as well as number with verb forms (2nd Ps. Sg.). In contradistinction verb suffixes such as -e, -(e)n, -(e)t are each dispersed over more than one person-numbe ...
PART I: Toba Batak Phrase Structure
... in support of this analysis; see Schachter (1984a) for a more detailed discussion. I will also discuss some of the further theoretical consequences that ultimately count against this analysis. An alternative treatment will be presented in sections 5 to 7. Before proceeding it should be pointed out t ...
... in support of this analysis; see Schachter (1984a) for a more detailed discussion. I will also discuss some of the further theoretical consequences that ultimately count against this analysis. An alternative treatment will be presented in sections 5 to 7. Before proceeding it should be pointed out t ...
German: An Essential Grammar
... Bruce Donaldson was born in Perth, Western Australia, in 1948. He did honours in German at the University of Western Australia, his MA in Old Germanic Languages at the State University of Utrecht and his PhD on Afrikaans at the University of the Orange Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. In 19 ...
... Bruce Donaldson was born in Perth, Western Australia, in 1948. He did honours in German at the University of Western Australia, his MA in Old Germanic Languages at the State University of Utrecht and his PhD on Afrikaans at the University of the Orange Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. In 19 ...
1998 - Henk van Riemsdijk
... specifiers, adjuncts or whatever other dependents there are in a phrase. The second was the concept of endocentricity, the idea that there is an intrinsic connection between the categorial status of a head and that of the phrasal node characterizing the phrase that it is the head of. The first of th ...
... specifiers, adjuncts or whatever other dependents there are in a phrase. The second was the concept of endocentricity, the idea that there is an intrinsic connection between the categorial status of a head and that of the phrasal node characterizing the phrase that it is the head of. The first of th ...
JiH Hruska A glance at any English text ensures us that prepositions
... in English than in Czech. This fact can easily be expressed numerically by counting how many more prepositions there are in the English text comp ared with its translation into Czech. However, a more detailed analysis of both languages is necessary if we want to ascertain in which of the two the tot ...
... in English than in Czech. This fact can easily be expressed numerically by counting how many more prepositions there are in the English text comp ared with its translation into Czech. However, a more detailed analysis of both languages is necessary if we want to ascertain in which of the two the tot ...
Ethnic adjectives are proper adjectives∗ Boban Arsenijevic
... However, it is crucial for A&S’s analysis that the nominal inside the adjective refers to an agent since it is always base-generated in a position that agents are basegenerated in.3 Finally, under a nominal account, there is no motivation for the difference between deficient nouns (thEAs) and geniti ...
... However, it is crucial for A&S’s analysis that the nominal inside the adjective refers to an agent since it is always base-generated in a position that agents are basegenerated in.3 Finally, under a nominal account, there is no motivation for the difference between deficient nouns (thEAs) and geniti ...
Introduction - Friedrich-Schiller
... This leaves us, then, with adjectival constructions involving standard measure phrases. A closer analysis of the remaining cases in English shows that they fall into at least three general semantic types. In type I, represented by examples like (10) and to be explored in greater detail in later sect ...
... This leaves us, then, with adjectival constructions involving standard measure phrases. A closer analysis of the remaining cases in English shows that they fall into at least three general semantic types. In type I, represented by examples like (10) and to be explored in greater detail in later sect ...
Case checking vs. case assignment and the case of adverbial NPs
... However, there is another derivation for (i) which refutes this conclusion. Boškoviƒ (1997, 2001) shows SC participles may undergo short V-movement. (i) can then involve VP coordination, with the participle undergoing across-the-board movement from each conjunct. On this derivation, ovladati takes t ...
... However, there is another derivation for (i) which refutes this conclusion. Boškoviƒ (1997, 2001) shows SC participles may undergo short V-movement. (i) can then involve VP coordination, with the participle undergoing across-the-board movement from each conjunct. On this derivation, ovladati takes t ...
- 1 - Adpositions from nouns, one way or another Das war `ne heiße
... modifiability and determinability, loss of aspects of lexical (concrete, particular) meaning. The dependent within this phrase remains an NP, but its relationship to the head is reanalysed as that of a “complement”, from having been that of an “attribute”: one concomitant of this change is that com ...
... modifiability and determinability, loss of aspects of lexical (concrete, particular) meaning. The dependent within this phrase remains an NP, but its relationship to the head is reanalysed as that of a “complement”, from having been that of an “attribute”: one concomitant of this change is that com ...
Commentary on Historia Apollonii regis Tyri
... exerrauerat: "had been at fault" (intensive form of errauerat). nisi quod: "except (for the fact) that." statuerat: "it had constituted, it had made." 3.Quae: connecting relative. The relative is .the equivale�t of a demonstrative pronoun or adjective plus weak connecuve sense (which can rarely be r ...
... exerrauerat: "had been at fault" (intensive form of errauerat). nisi quod: "except (for the fact) that." statuerat: "it had constituted, it had made." 3.Quae: connecting relative. The relative is .the equivale�t of a demonstrative pronoun or adjective plus weak connecuve sense (which can rarely be r ...
full text pdf
... suffix. Ferenc Kiefer has tried to determine the exact case system by formulating different conditions, which are: 1) the case suffix is a noun suffix, which cannot be followed by other suffixes; 2) the case suffix is a suffix which could be associated independently to a pronoun, to a proper noun, t ...
... suffix. Ferenc Kiefer has tried to determine the exact case system by formulating different conditions, which are: 1) the case suffix is a noun suffix, which cannot be followed by other suffixes; 2) the case suffix is a suffix which could be associated independently to a pronoun, to a proper noun, t ...
Phonological and Phonetic Effects of Minor Phrase
... The Minor Phrase (MiP, aka accentual phrase) is the prosodic constituent that immediately dominates the prosodic word (PWd) in the prosodic structure hierarchy; it may consist of one or more PWd. In Japanese all MiPs are marked by an initial LH rise. This paper examines the scaling of the initial ri ...
... The Minor Phrase (MiP, aka accentual phrase) is the prosodic constituent that immediately dominates the prosodic word (PWd) in the prosodic structure hierarchy; it may consist of one or more PWd. In Japanese all MiPs are marked by an initial LH rise. This paper examines the scaling of the initial ri ...
Sub-English 2 nd Paper
... * Participle-Whenever a word acts as a verb and adjective that is called Participle. Likewise ,I have seen a written document.Here the word ‘written’ is a participle and It has been acting as a preposition sitting before a noun .So, It is a participle preposition. ...
... * Participle-Whenever a word acts as a verb and adjective that is called Participle. Likewise ,I have seen a written document.Here the word ‘written’ is a participle and It has been acting as a preposition sitting before a noun .So, It is a participle preposition. ...
Walenty: Towards a comprehensive valence dictionary of Polish
... a republican and the adjective phrase (AdjP) quite conservative in Pat became quite conservative two different arguments, belonging to separate valence schemata of BE COME, or two different realisations of one argument specified in a single schema? Walenty is explicit about what counts as the same a ...
... a republican and the adjective phrase (AdjP) quite conservative in Pat became quite conservative two different arguments, belonging to separate valence schemata of BE COME, or two different realisations of one argument specified in a single schema? Walenty is explicit about what counts as the same a ...
`Everyday language` in emigrant letters and its implications for
... for a different starting point in the description and explanation of language history. In linguistics, the shift of perspective involves an acknowledgment of language registers which are fundamental to human interaction and which are prototypically represented by speech in face-to-faceinteraction.3 ...
... for a different starting point in the description and explanation of language history. In linguistics, the shift of perspective involves an acknowledgment of language registers which are fundamental to human interaction and which are prototypically represented by speech in face-to-faceinteraction.3 ...
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic
... genitive (-n) and locative cases (adessive -llA, ablative -ltA and allative -lle) may be used to mark agents: these usually have a more or less transparent adverbial background. The term accusative is not unproblematic in Finnic: first of all, no distinct accusative marker is used with plural NPs. ...
... genitive (-n) and locative cases (adessive -llA, ablative -ltA and allative -lle) may be used to mark agents: these usually have a more or less transparent adverbial background. The term accusative is not unproblematic in Finnic: first of all, no distinct accusative marker is used with plural NPs. ...
Remarks on the History of the Indo-European Infinitive
... of Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ...
... of Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ...