Introduction to Strings
... • Unlike bosonic string theory, superstring theories can contain space-time fermions • The consistent Poincare invariant string theories exist in 26(bosonic) and 10(superstring) dimensions • The absence of tachyons (infrared instability) leads us to 5 superstrings in 10 dimensions: IIA, IIB, Type I ...
... • Unlike bosonic string theory, superstring theories can contain space-time fermions • The consistent Poincare invariant string theories exist in 26(bosonic) and 10(superstring) dimensions • The absence of tachyons (infrared instability) leads us to 5 superstrings in 10 dimensions: IIA, IIB, Type I ...
SpontaneouS Symmetry Breaking in particle phySicS
... The third relation shows the massless NG boson turning into a massive “plasmon”, a process corresponding to Eq. (4). This was successfully applied to weak gauge field in the Weinberg-Salam (WS) theory [15] of electroweak unification. The fermion masses are also generated and break chiral invariance. ...
... The third relation shows the massless NG boson turning into a massive “plasmon”, a process corresponding to Eq. (4). This was successfully applied to weak gauge field in the Weinberg-Salam (WS) theory [15] of electroweak unification. The fermion masses are also generated and break chiral invariance. ...
Family Gauge Theory
... For notations, see T-Y. Wu and W-Y. Pauchy Hwang, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Fields (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991). A. Zee, Phys. Lett. B93 (1980) 389; Phys. Lett. B161 (1985) 141; Nucl. Phys. B264 (1986) 99; on the Zee model. W-Y. P. Hwang, Nucl. Phys. A844, 40c (2010); Intern. ...
... For notations, see T-Y. Wu and W-Y. Pauchy Hwang, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Fields (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991). A. Zee, Phys. Lett. B93 (1980) 389; Phys. Lett. B161 (1985) 141; Nucl. Phys. B264 (1986) 99; on the Zee model. W-Y. P. Hwang, Nucl. Phys. A844, 40c (2010); Intern. ...
J.M. Maldacena
... • One can define inclusive, event shape variables for conformal theories • They can be computed at weak and strong coupling • Small angle features governed by the anomalous dimension of twist two operators • Events are more spherically symmetric at strong coupling, but not completely uniform. • In a ...
... • One can define inclusive, event shape variables for conformal theories • They can be computed at weak and strong coupling • Small angle features governed by the anomalous dimension of twist two operators • Events are more spherically symmetric at strong coupling, but not completely uniform. • In a ...
MINERVA Teacher`s Manual - HST
... The Higgs particle is a massive elementary particle predicted by the Standard Model. It has no intrinsic spin, and for that reason is classified as a boson. The Higgs boson is its own antiparticle. Because an exceptionally large amount of energy and beam luminosity are required to create a Higgs bos ...
... The Higgs particle is a massive elementary particle predicted by the Standard Model. It has no intrinsic spin, and for that reason is classified as a boson. The Higgs boson is its own antiparticle. Because an exceptionally large amount of energy and beam luminosity are required to create a Higgs bos ...
MMM-Primorsko_2010 - Indico
... violation in weak interactions i.e. violation of mirror symmetry. From our point of view this effect is a direct consequence of de Sitter geometry of 4-momentum space. ...
... violation in weak interactions i.e. violation of mirror symmetry. From our point of view this effect is a direct consequence of de Sitter geometry of 4-momentum space. ...
The String Theory Landscape
... Fulfills a long-standing dream: a unified theory of Einstein’s General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, contains many features of the Standard Model of particle physics. Has resolved some of the great questions of quantum general relativity, esp. regarding black holes. But while compatible with man ...
... Fulfills a long-standing dream: a unified theory of Einstein’s General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, contains many features of the Standard Model of particle physics. Has resolved some of the great questions of quantum general relativity, esp. regarding black holes. But while compatible with man ...
An Inflationary Model In String Theory
... To calculate the cosmological constant from first principles we need a theory of gravity consistent with the rules of quantum mechanics. Enter String Theory! ...
... To calculate the cosmological constant from first principles we need a theory of gravity consistent with the rules of quantum mechanics. Enter String Theory! ...
Symmetry breaking and the deconstruction of mass
... SU(3)-vector bosons, the gluons, the classical theory is invariant under scaling transformations. Namely, if Aμ represents the gluon fields, and Aμ is a classical solution to the equations of motion, then so is the scaled configuration: λA(λx), for any real parameter λ. Again, the quantum structure ...
... SU(3)-vector bosons, the gluons, the classical theory is invariant under scaling transformations. Namely, if Aμ represents the gluon fields, and Aμ is a classical solution to the equations of motion, then so is the scaled configuration: λA(λx), for any real parameter λ. Again, the quantum structure ...
The String Theory
... spatial universe. It is conceivable that our universe is just one membrane that is a part of an infinite number of membranes. However, those membranes could reside in 5, 6, or 7 dimensions. Therefore, they could be right next to us but our three dimensional existence could never interact with them, ...
... spatial universe. It is conceivable that our universe is just one membrane that is a part of an infinite number of membranes. However, those membranes could reside in 5, 6, or 7 dimensions. Therefore, they could be right next to us but our three dimensional existence could never interact with them, ...
The validity of the scientific method in modern physics
... wound so tightly that they are too small to observe at has found a good alternative” and “theories without energies accessible through collisions in any practicable alternatives tended to be viable in the past”, he reasons future particle detector. In addition to the particles that string theory sho ...
... wound so tightly that they are too small to observe at has found a good alternative” and “theories without energies accessible through collisions in any practicable alternatives tended to be viable in the past”, he reasons future particle detector. In addition to the particles that string theory sho ...
Doc - Paradigm Shift Now
... The advances in theoretical understanding are made spectacular due to the rise of GUTs and supersymmery, which suggest that all nature is ultimately controlled by a “superforce. In the late 1960’s it was shown that electromagnetism can be mathematically combined with the weak force. The new theory p ...
... The advances in theoretical understanding are made spectacular due to the rise of GUTs and supersymmery, which suggest that all nature is ultimately controlled by a “superforce. In the late 1960’s it was shown that electromagnetism can be mathematically combined with the weak force. The new theory p ...
Quantum Gravity: the view from particle physics
... side and moving it to the left hand side, in such a way that everything can be understood as coming from some sort of generalized geometry? Over the last ninety years there has been some remarkable progress in this direction (see e.g. the reprint volume [15]), but we still do not know whether these ...
... side and moving it to the left hand side, in such a way that everything can be understood as coming from some sort of generalized geometry? Over the last ninety years there has been some remarkable progress in this direction (see e.g. the reprint volume [15]), but we still do not know whether these ...
What is String Theory?
... The lack of predictivity at low energies is the most serious challenge for the credibility of string theory! There are plenty of Calabi-Yau spaces, and it is not clear why any one should be singled out. Nor why D=4 would be preferred at all .... Each Calabi-Yau space leads in general to a different ...
... The lack of predictivity at low energies is the most serious challenge for the credibility of string theory! There are plenty of Calabi-Yau spaces, and it is not clear why any one should be singled out. Nor why D=4 would be preferred at all .... Each Calabi-Yau space leads in general to a different ...
Particle Physics Matter, Energy, Space, Time
... • It concluded that particle physics is about to enter a new era … – Exploring physics beyond the Standard Model – Addressing deep new questions about the nature of matter and energy, space and time ...
... • It concluded that particle physics is about to enter a new era … – Exploring physics beyond the Standard Model – Addressing deep new questions about the nature of matter and energy, space and time ...
Phenomenological study of scalar and pseudo
... Discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC in 2012 However the SM ignore many physical observed phenomena The gravitational interaction Matter-antimatter asymmetry No dark matter Neutrinos mass And suffer from theoretical problem in the Higgs sector Introduce an ad hoc potential in the theory The fine- ...
... Discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC in 2012 However the SM ignore many physical observed phenomena The gravitational interaction Matter-antimatter asymmetry No dark matter Neutrinos mass And suffer from theoretical problem in the Higgs sector Introduce an ad hoc potential in the theory The fine- ...
Where is Fundamental Physics Heading?
... logically to lay down such strongly determined laws that within these laws only rationally determined constants occur (not ...
... logically to lay down such strongly determined laws that within these laws only rationally determined constants occur (not ...
Spin Excitations in the Spin-Tetrahedral
... measure the mass of the W-boson at a linear collider with a relative accuracy below 0.01 per cent. Our calculation was the first calculation of first-order corrections to a process with six external particles. ...
... measure the mass of the W-boson at a linear collider with a relative accuracy below 0.01 per cent. Our calculation was the first calculation of first-order corrections to a process with six external particles. ...
We live in the quantum 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time
... quarks, and many other elementary particles in the subatomic world. The presentation on the Klein-Gordon equation could be simple since it has the same symmetry as the background, i.e., the 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time. It describes spinless particles such as the Higgs particles, for which the ...
... quarks, and many other elementary particles in the subatomic world. The presentation on the Klein-Gordon equation could be simple since it has the same symmetry as the background, i.e., the 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time. It describes spinless particles such as the Higgs particles, for which the ...
Fulltext PDF
... An important remark about quantum ¯eld theory is in order here. Although we divided the stu® of the Universe into a ¯eld sector and a particle sector, ¯elds have their quanta which are particles and in quantum ¯eld theory each particle in the particle sector also has its quantum ¯eld; electron, for ...
... An important remark about quantum ¯eld theory is in order here. Although we divided the stu® of the Universe into a ¯eld sector and a particle sector, ¯elds have their quanta which are particles and in quantum ¯eld theory each particle in the particle sector also has its quantum ¯eld; electron, for ...
New Methods in Computational Quantum Field Theory
... • It remains to be confirmed that this boson is the longawaited Higgs boson of the Standard Model • Will coming years produce new fireworks: dramatic discoveries of resonances or thresholds at the LHC? ...
... • It remains to be confirmed that this boson is the longawaited Higgs boson of the Standard Model • Will coming years produce new fireworks: dramatic discoveries of resonances or thresholds at the LHC? ...
Fermionic Vortices Find their Dual - Physics (APS)
... called an anomaly in high-energy theory. Max Metlitski of the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Ashvin Vishwanath of the University of California, Berkeley [1], and independently, Chong Wang and Todadri Senthil at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge [2], use this ambiguit ...
... called an anomaly in high-energy theory. Max Metlitski of the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Ashvin Vishwanath of the University of California, Berkeley [1], and independently, Chong Wang and Todadri Senthil at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge [2], use this ambiguit ...
Anomaly driven signatures of new invisible physics
... possible because anomalous (i.e. gauge-variant) terms in the effective action have topological nature and are therefore scale independent. As a result, they are not suppressed even at energies much smaller than the masses of the particles producing these terms via loop effects. This gives hope to s ...
... possible because anomalous (i.e. gauge-variant) terms in the effective action have topological nature and are therefore scale independent. As a result, they are not suppressed even at energies much smaller than the masses of the particles producing these terms via loop effects. This gives hope to s ...
An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything
""An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything"" is a physics preprint proposing a basis for a unified field theory, very often referred to as ""E8 Theory"", which attempts to describe all known fundamental interactions in physics and to stand as a possible theory of everything. The paper was posted to the physics arXiv by Antony Garrett Lisi on November 6, 2007, and was not submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The title is a pun on the algebra used, the Lie algebra of the largest ""simple"", ""exceptional"" Lie group, E8. The paper's goal is to describe how the combined structure and dynamics of all gravitational and Standard Model particle fields, including fermions, are part of the E8 Lie algebra. In the paper, Lisi states that all three generations of fermions do not directly embed in E8 with correct quantum numbers and spins, but that they might be described via a triality transformation, noting that the theory is incomplete and that a correct description of the relationship between triality and generations, if it exists, awaits a better understanding.The theory received accolades from a few physicists amid a flurry of media coverage, but also met with widespread skepticism. Scientific American reported in March 2008 that the theory was being ""largely but not entirely ignored"" by the mainstream physics community, with a few physicists picking up the work to develop it further.In a follow-up paper, Lee Smolin proposed a spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism for obtaining the classical action in Lisi's model, and speculated on the path to its quantization.In July 2009, Jacques Distler and Skip Garibaldi published a critical paper in Communications in Mathematical Physics called ""There is no 'Theory of Everything' inside E8"", arguing that Lisi's theory, and a large class of related models, cannot work. They offer a direct proof that it is impossible to embed all three generations of fermions in E8, or to obtain even the one-generation Standard Model without the presence of an antigeneration. In response to Distler and Garibaldi's paper, Lisi argued, in a new paper ""An Explicit Embedding of Gravity and the Standard Model in E8"", peer reviewed and published in a conference proceedings, that some assumptions about fermion embeddings are unnecessary and that the antigeneration is not by itself a problem sufficient to rule out the one-generation Standard Model. In December 2010 and May 2011, Lisi wrote in the popular magazine Scientific American a feature article on the E8 Theory of Everything and an entry in the blog section of the magazine addressing some of the criticism of his theory and how it has progressed, noting that the theory is still incomplete and makes only tenuous predictions, with the three generation issue remaining as a significant problem.