L13-421-15-11-16-15
... • If, however, logic, ethics, and esthetics, which are the families of normative science, are simply the arts of reasoning, of the conduct of life, and of fine art, they do not belong in the branch of theoretic science which we are alone considering, at all. There is no doubt that they are closely ...
... • If, however, logic, ethics, and esthetics, which are the families of normative science, are simply the arts of reasoning, of the conduct of life, and of fine art, they do not belong in the branch of theoretic science which we are alone considering, at all. There is no doubt that they are closely ...
Skepticism
... major premise, “All men are mortal”—can be proved only by a complete induction. But the complete induction involves a knowledge of the conclusion—“Socrates is a mortal.” For we cannot say, that all men are mortal unless we already know that Socrates is mortal. The Syllogism is, therefore, an instanc ...
... major premise, “All men are mortal”—can be proved only by a complete induction. But the complete induction involves a knowledge of the conclusion—“Socrates is a mortal.” For we cannot say, that all men are mortal unless we already know that Socrates is mortal. The Syllogism is, therefore, an instanc ...
DAVID HUME from A Treatise of Human Nature
... fitnesses and unfitnesses of things, which are the same to every rational being that considers them; that the immutable measures of right and wrong impose an obligation, not only on human creatures, but also on the Deity himself: All these systems concur in the opinion, that morality, like truth, is ...
... fitnesses and unfitnesses of things, which are the same to every rational being that considers them; that the immutable measures of right and wrong impose an obligation, not only on human creatures, but also on the Deity himself: All these systems concur in the opinion, that morality, like truth, is ...
PDF - Brunswick Group
... British saw them as impossibly complex networks of human relationships – living organisms that couldn’t be completely predictable or easily understood from their individual parts. In the 21st century, most businesses operate in the tradition of those French Enlightenment philosophers, breaking compl ...
... British saw them as impossibly complex networks of human relationships – living organisms that couldn’t be completely predictable or easily understood from their individual parts. In the 21st century, most businesses operate in the tradition of those French Enlightenment philosophers, breaking compl ...
IS EVIL RATIONAL? - Prager University
... Meanwhile, good and moral things are always associated with being reasonable. But this association of reason with good is wishful thinking. Of course, reason might argue for doing good. But it might just as well argue for doing bad. Take a non-murderous example. Is it right or wrong for a student to ...
... Meanwhile, good and moral things are always associated with being reasonable. But this association of reason with good is wishful thinking. Of course, reason might argue for doing good. But it might just as well argue for doing bad. Take a non-murderous example. Is it right or wrong for a student to ...
1 PHIL 2303: Human Nature and the Meaning of Life Prof
... other. But is this ever to be expected from inferences and conclusions of the understanding, which of themselves have no hold of the affections nor set in motion the active powers of men? They discover truths: but where the truths which they discover are indifferent, and beget no desire or aversion, ...
... other. But is this ever to be expected from inferences and conclusions of the understanding, which of themselves have no hold of the affections nor set in motion the active powers of men? They discover truths: but where the truths which they discover are indifferent, and beget no desire or aversion, ...
Happiness and Agency
... Modern thinkers, perhaps because they find themselves in complex societies where individuals can easily disappear into a nameless, faceless mass, see individuality as a key element in human agency. Since the early modern authors like Descartes (1596-1650) and Locke (1632-1704), Western Philosophy ha ...
... Modern thinkers, perhaps because they find themselves in complex societies where individuals can easily disappear into a nameless, faceless mass, see individuality as a key element in human agency. Since the early modern authors like Descartes (1596-1650) and Locke (1632-1704), Western Philosophy ha ...
Chapter 12 Reasoning, Logic, and Fallacies
... a causal relationship because the first ball caused the action of the second ball. • If a bus passes a church everyday at noon and the bells ring at noon, that does not mean the bus made the bells ring. ...
... a causal relationship because the first ball caused the action of the second ball. • If a bus passes a church everyday at noon and the bells ring at noon, that does not mean the bus made the bells ring. ...
Reason
Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, applying logic, establishing and verifying facts, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art and is normally considered to be a definitive characteristic of human nature.The concept of reason is sometimes referred to as rationality and sometimes as discursive reason, in opposition to intuitive reason.Reason or ""reasoning"" is associated with thinking, cognition, and intellect. Reason, like habit or intuition, is one of the ways by which thinking comes from one idea to a related idea. For example, it is the means by which rational beings understand themselves to think about cause and effect, truth and falsehood, and what is good or bad. It is also closely identified with the ability to self-consciously change beliefs, attitudes, traditions, and institutions, and therefore with the capacity for freedom and self-determination.In contrast to reason as an abstract noun, a reason is a consideration which explains or justifies some event, phenomenon or behaviour. The field of logic studies ways in which human beings reason through argument.Psychologists and cognitive scientists have attempted to study and explain how people reason, e.g. which cognitive and neural processes are engaged, and how cultural factors affect the inferences that people draw. The field of automated reasoning studies how reasoning may or may not be modeled computationally. Animal psychology considers the question of whether animals other than humans can reason.