laser cooling of solids
... moving towards a particular laser source, thus slowing them down like ping-pong balls striking an oncoming bowling ball. It is easier to understand the conceptual similarity between the anti-Stokes and Doppler cooling techniques by considering the latter from an energy rather than a momentum point o ...
... moving towards a particular laser source, thus slowing them down like ping-pong balls striking an oncoming bowling ball. It is easier to understand the conceptual similarity between the anti-Stokes and Doppler cooling techniques by considering the latter from an energy rather than a momentum point o ...
Abstract
... Three-dimensional (3D) chip architectures have garnered much research interest because of their potential to alleviate the interconnect delay bottleneck that is expected to limit the traditional progression of Moore’s law through device scaling in planar chips. While the benefits of 3D chip integrat ...
... Three-dimensional (3D) chip architectures have garnered much research interest because of their potential to alleviate the interconnect delay bottleneck that is expected to limit the traditional progression of Moore’s law through device scaling in planar chips. While the benefits of 3D chip integrat ...
Definition of standardised procedures for testing thermal storage
... The testing procedures proposed in this report are the result of the know-how on testing TES prototypes of the different partners involved in the SFERA project WP15 Task 2. The terminology proposed here is coherent with the discussions currently ongoing at the Spanish Organization for Standardizatio ...
... The testing procedures proposed in this report are the result of the know-how on testing TES prototypes of the different partners involved in the SFERA project WP15 Task 2. The terminology proposed here is coherent with the discussions currently ongoing at the Spanish Organization for Standardizatio ...
Biomass Characteristics
... Definition of Biomass Biomass Classification Classification of Biomass Fuels Properties of Biomass Physical Thermodynamic Other ...
... Definition of Biomass Biomass Classification Classification of Biomass Fuels Properties of Biomass Physical Thermodynamic Other ...
hw2-sp11 - Learn Thermo HOME
... The key to determining properties for state 1 is that we know both the pressure and temperature. So, we can determine every other property, including the specific volume and internal energy. The key for states 2a and 2b is whether the piston has fallen all the way down to rest on the stops or not. S ...
... The key to determining properties for state 1 is that we know both the pressure and temperature. So, we can determine every other property, including the specific volume and internal energy. The key for states 2a and 2b is whether the piston has fallen all the way down to rest on the stops or not. S ...
Heat recovery with hybrid ventilation in office
... Office buildings are becoming more sustainable. With the introduction of certificates like BREEAM and LEED, designers are able to verify their sustainable design to one of these ratings (BREEAM-NL, 2013; U.S. Green Building Council, 2014). The certificates also encourage designers to create more sus ...
... Office buildings are becoming more sustainable. With the introduction of certificates like BREEAM and LEED, designers are able to verify their sustainable design to one of these ratings (BREEAM-NL, 2013; U.S. Green Building Council, 2014). The certificates also encourage designers to create more sus ...
Local Heat Transfer Coefficients Measured with Temperature
... The mean heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger area is calculated either as the arithmetic or as the harmonic mean of the local heat transfer coefficients, depending on whether the boundary condition is a constant temperature or a constant heat flux, for which the mean heat transfer coeffici ...
... The mean heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger area is calculated either as the arithmetic or as the harmonic mean of the local heat transfer coefficients, depending on whether the boundary condition is a constant temperature or a constant heat flux, for which the mean heat transfer coeffici ...
chapter 1
... This Manual is the proprietary property of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and protected by copyright and other state and federal laws. By opening and using this Manual the user agrees to the following restrictions, and if the recipient does not agree to these restrictions, the Manual ...
... This Manual is the proprietary property of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and protected by copyright and other state and federal laws. By opening and using this Manual the user agrees to the following restrictions, and if the recipient does not agree to these restrictions, the Manual ...
Thesis_Paulo_Tabares_revised
... experimental data from the “Cold Plate,” an experimental apparatus specifically designed and built to quantify heat and mass transfer processes. The “Cold Plate” apparatus represents a new kind of apparatus that addresses the shortcomings in the existing data sets on energy balance for green roofs. ...
... experimental data from the “Cold Plate,” an experimental apparatus specifically designed and built to quantify heat and mass transfer processes. The “Cold Plate” apparatus represents a new kind of apparatus that addresses the shortcomings in the existing data sets on energy balance for green roofs. ...
Thermodynamics Chapter 10 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • The power cycles can be used as refrigeration cycles by simply reversing them. Of these, the reversed Brayton cycle, which is also known as the gas refrigeration cycle, is used to cool aircraft and to obtain very low (cryogenic) temperatures after it is modified with regeneration. The work output ...
... • The power cycles can be used as refrigeration cycles by simply reversing them. Of these, the reversed Brayton cycle, which is also known as the gas refrigeration cycle, is used to cool aircraft and to obtain very low (cryogenic) temperatures after it is modified with regeneration. The work output ...
Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils
... either cold water, cold aqueous ethylene glycol or aqueous propylene glycol solutions, or volatile refrigerant is circulated, for the purpose of total cooling (sensible cooling plus latent cooling) of a forced-circulation air stream. ...
... either cold water, cold aqueous ethylene glycol or aqueous propylene glycol solutions, or volatile refrigerant is circulated, for the purpose of total cooling (sensible cooling plus latent cooling) of a forced-circulation air stream. ...
Full-Text PDF
... The concept of heat pipes was first described in 1942, but the real development of heat pipes started in the 1960s [1]. Properly designed heat pipes can transport heat at very high rates with a small temperature difference between the cold and the warm end. This is possible because the heat transpor ...
... The concept of heat pipes was first described in 1942, but the real development of heat pipes started in the 1960s [1]. Properly designed heat pipes can transport heat at very high rates with a small temperature difference between the cold and the warm end. This is possible because the heat transpor ...
Design Guide Solutions to Prevent Thermal
... the local heat losses that can occur around the planar elements and where the planar elements are penetrated by the building components that conduct heat. These areas of high local heat flow, commonly known as thermal bridges, can have a significant impact on the thermal performance of the building ...
... the local heat losses that can occur around the planar elements and where the planar elements are penetrated by the building components that conduct heat. These areas of high local heat flow, commonly known as thermal bridges, can have a significant impact on the thermal performance of the building ...
The suitability of a compact thermosyphon heat
... When it comes to the development of power electronics, it is clear that their power density is increasing. The components can be built into smaller assemblies due to development in electrical design. This creates challenges in their cooling. Power electronic components, such as semiconductors, creat ...
... When it comes to the development of power electronics, it is clear that their power density is increasing. The components can be built into smaller assemblies due to development in electrical design. This creates challenges in their cooling. Power electronic components, such as semiconductors, creat ...
Metallized gelled propellants - Oxygen/RP
... propellants was conducted. These experiments used a small 20- to 40-lbf thrust engine composed of a modular injector, igniter, chamber and nozzle. The fuels used were traditional liquid RP-1 and gelled RP-1 with 0-, 5-, and 55-wt% loadings of aluminum particles. Gaseous oxygen was used as the oxidiz ...
... propellants was conducted. These experiments used a small 20- to 40-lbf thrust engine composed of a modular injector, igniter, chamber and nozzle. The fuels used were traditional liquid RP-1 and gelled RP-1 with 0-, 5-, and 55-wt% loadings of aluminum particles. Gaseous oxygen was used as the oxidiz ...
Concentration Processes under Tubesheet Sludge Piles in Nuclear
... deteriorate sufficiently to become directly aggressive, but such occurrences are relatively rare). However, in certain restricted-flow areas at the heat transfer surface, boiling causes further localized increases in impurity concentrations, and conditions may develop that are aggressive to steam ge ...
... deteriorate sufficiently to become directly aggressive, but such occurrences are relatively rare). However, in certain restricted-flow areas at the heat transfer surface, boiling causes further localized increases in impurity concentrations, and conditions may develop that are aggressive to steam ge ...
Mechanisms for Lithospheric Heat Transport on Venus: Implications
... becauseof the high surfacetemperatureand the absenceof oceanson Venus,the lack of free or hydrated water in subductedmaterial,the possibilitythat subductionwould more commonlybe accompaniedby lithosphericdelamination,and the rapid spreadingratesthat would be requiredif plate recyclingremoves a signi ...
... becauseof the high surfacetemperatureand the absenceof oceanson Venus,the lack of free or hydrated water in subductedmaterial,the possibilitythat subductionwould more commonlybe accompaniedby lithosphericdelamination,and the rapid spreadingratesthat would be requiredif plate recyclingremoves a signi ...
Mechanisms for lithospheric heat transport on Venus Implications for
... becauseof the high surfacetemperatureand the absenceof oceanson Venus,the lack of free or hydrated water in subductedmaterial,the possibilitythat subductionwould more commonlybe accompaniedby lithosphericdelamination,and the rapid spreadingratesthat would be requiredif plate recyclingremoves a signi ...
... becauseof the high surfacetemperatureand the absenceof oceanson Venus,the lack of free or hydrated water in subductedmaterial,the possibilitythat subductionwould more commonlybe accompaniedby lithosphericdelamination,and the rapid spreadingratesthat would be requiredif plate recyclingremoves a signi ...
... noticeable reduction in the local heat transfer coefficient at the base of the grooves. Overall, this leads to an effective decrease in the local heat transfer coefficient, but due to the increased heat transfer surface the global heat transfer is enhanced in comparison to the flat plate configurati ...
Forced convection heat transfer from an elliptical cylinder to power
... At the exit boundary: The default outflow boundary condition option in FLUENT (a zero diffusion flux for all flow variables) was used in this work. In essence, this choice implies that the conditions of the outflow plane are extrapolated from within the domain and as such have negligible influence on th ...
... At the exit boundary: The default outflow boundary condition option in FLUENT (a zero diffusion flux for all flow variables) was used in this work. In essence, this choice implies that the conditions of the outflow plane are extrapolated from within the domain and as such have negligible influence on th ...
Cogeneration
Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) refers to the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling from the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector. Cogeneration is a thermodynamically efficient use of fuel. In separate production of electricity, some energy must be discarded as waste heat, but in cogeneration this thermal energy is put to use. All thermal power plants emit heat during electricity generation, which can be released into the natural environment through cooling towers, flue gas, or by other means. In contrast, CHP captures some or all of the by-product for heating, either very close to the plant, or—especially in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe—as hot water for district heating with temperatures ranging from approximately 80 to 130 °C. This is also called combined heat and power district heating (CHPDH). Small CHP plants are an example of decentralized energy. By-product heat at moderate temperatures (100–180 °C, 212–356 °F) can also be used in absorption refrigerators for cooling.The supply of high-temperature heat first drives a gas or steam turbine-powered generator and the resulting low-temperature waste heat is then used for water or space heating as described in cogeneration. At smaller scales (typically below 1 MW) a gas engine or diesel engine may be used. Trigeneration differs from cogeneration in that the waste heat is used for both heating and cooling, typically in an absorption refrigerator. CCHP systems can attain higher overall efficiencies than cogeneration or traditional power plants. In the United States, the application of trigeneration in buildings is called building cooling, heating and power (BCHP). Heating and cooling output may operate concurrently or alternately depending on need and system construction.Cogeneration was practiced in some of the earliest installations of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power used exhaust steam for process heating. Large office and apartment buildings, hotels and stores commonly generated their own power and used waste steam for building heat. Due to the high cost of early purchased power, these CHP operations continued for many years after utility electricity became available.