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Replicative Senescence
Replicative Senescence

... (Receptor Activator for NFkB Ligand) ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

... http://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/3d-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-model/683105 ...
Immunological Defence Mechanisms Against Biological
Immunological Defence Mechanisms Against Biological

Pathophysiology of imunity
Pathophysiology of imunity

... - antigen-antibodies complexes (ANt-ATb-C) are created in circulating blood  deposition of ANt-Atb-C in the vessel wall or in other extracellular tissues - this reaction is not organ – specific - harmful effect of ANt-Atb-C is caused by activation of complement and by attempt of NE-Le to ingest the ...
DISEASE NOTES
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... than injury) that interferes with _____________________ _______________________, causing ________________, ____________________, or _______________ problems ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... Neutralization: immune complex formation blocks specific sites on virus or toxin & prohibit binding to tissues Agglutination: cells are crosslinked by immune complexes & clump together Precipitation: soluble molecules (such as toxins) are crosslinked, become insoluble, & precipitate out of the solut ...
Raven Biology - The College Board
Raven Biology - The College Board

... Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Essential knowledge Chapters/sections 1.a.1 Natural selection is a ...
2.-Specific-Cellular
2.-Specific-Cellular

... • Stick in the blood group tables and answer the following below it: 1. Explain why a person with blood group A cannot receive a ...
B-cell receptor signal strength and zinc signaling: unraveling the
B-cell receptor signal strength and zinc signaling: unraveling the

... recent decades through Zn-deficiency studies in rodents and humans [8-17]. Our recent study demonstrated ZIP10's physiological importance in B-cell-mediated humoral immune responses, increasing our understanding of how Zn exerts its effects on immune function. We found that a lack of ZIP10 led to dy ...
tuberculin-type hypersensitivity
tuberculin-type hypersensitivity

Pattern Recognition with an AIS
Pattern Recognition with an AIS

... a bond is very likely to occur, then many receptors will bind to pathogen epitopes, resulting in a high affinity for that pathogen; if a bond is unlikely to occur, then few receptors will bind to epitopes, and the lymphocyte will have a low affinity for that pathogen. Affinity threshold. Lymphocytes ...
Autoreactive Memory Stem T Cells in Type 1
Autoreactive Memory Stem T Cells in Type 1

... and subsequently in man, was shown to play an important role is sustaining long-term chronic T cell responses to infections and cancer. Tscm can be distinguished from other T cell subset through a core set of surface markers including CD62L, CCR7, IL-2Rbeta, CD95 and CD45RA. The objective of this pr ...
Supplementary Materials and Methods
Supplementary Materials and Methods

... collected for analysis. In addition, to determine a role of MAPK ERK signaling pathway, neutrophils (5×105/well) were seeded and stimulated with 0-100 nM recombinant C5a for 15 min. Otherwise, at the indicated time points following incubation, cells were collected for immunoblotting examination. In ...
Immunity
Immunity

... Natural killer (NK) cells • NK cells are lymphocytes that "patrol" the body, looking for abnormal cells (esp. cancer cells and virus-infected cells) to kill • NK cells kill by direct contact with enemy cell • Kill by various methods ...
IMMUNO-Immunology Instant
IMMUNO-Immunology Instant

... brought to you by Christine White-Ziegler Name of condition, disease, or immunodeficiency: Atopic dermatitis (AD) Is this a genetic or acquired deficiency? If genetic, is it a dominant or recessive mutation? There is probably a genetic link as patients with AD have increased serum levels of IgE and ...
Med Sch lecture Immunology Laboratory SB 2012
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... It is mediated by T lymphocytes that are directly cytotoxic (CD8+ T cells) or that secrete inflammatory mediators (CD4+ T cells) that cause tissue changes. The reaction is initiated by antigen-specific CD4+ helper T cells, which release numerous immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokines into th ...
HIPC-Ontologies - Buffalo Ontology Site
HIPC-Ontologies - Buffalo Ontology Site

... tools have been developed for modeling immune functions, ranging from single receptor signaling to cell dynamics; each modeling initiative employs its own vocabularies and formats to represent the models, so data and tools are difficult to compare or aggregate • Project Goals: Create a controlled vo ...
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Memory B Cells

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Innate Immune Response
Innate Immune Response

... › Function as scout in tissues ...
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... 6. Small molecules that are too small to cause an immune response are called haptens. Penicillin is an example. By itself, too small to be antigenic, but it combines with serum proteins and then can become antigenic (penicillin allergy ) ...
Non-specific host defenses
Non-specific host defenses

... B-cell Activation • B-cell encounters and binds antigen • B-cell processes antigen, presents it with MHC I & II • MHC II interacts with TCR + CD4, followed by instruction by chemical mediators (interleukins) • Transmission of signal to the nucleus • B cell changes into an active cell called plasma ...
Chapter 24: The Immune System 24.1 Innate defenses against
Chapter 24: The Immune System 24.1 Innate defenses against

... – Is present and effective long before exposure to pathogens • Microbes that breach the body’s external defenses – Are engulfed and destroyed by macrophages • Interferons are proteins produced by virus-infected cells – That help other cells resist viruses 24.2 The inflammatory response mobilizes non ...
Slide 1
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... Term natural killer derives from the fact that if these cells are isolated from the blood or spleen, they kill various target cells without a need for additional activation ...
Aging Study in mice
Aging Study in mice

...  TCDD-induced AhR activation  increases the expression of:  Cytochrome P4501A1 (Cyp1A1)  Cyp1A2  Cyp1B1  IL-2  and many more ...
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Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
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