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Useful Links - Essentials of Clinical Immunology
Useful Links - Essentials of Clinical Immunology

... Useful information about tuberculosis world-wide; teaching and patient information aids. ...
Virus-Infected Liver of Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells in the Fas
Virus-Infected Liver of Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells in the Fas

... undetectable 4 wk after the infection. To correlate viral gene expression with liver injury, sera were assayed for the presence of liver enzymes. As shown in Fig. 1, ALT values increase by day 3, peak on day 9, and have decreased by day 15, i.e., at a time at which no decrease in the expression of l ...
TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV DOUBLE TROUBLE
TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV DOUBLE TROUBLE

... kill the intracellular bacteria through ROS (reactive oxygen species), and by stir up the ...
Tribodies: Fab-scFv fusion proteins as a platform to
Tribodies: Fab-scFv fusion proteins as a platform to

... complexes on non-cytotoxic cells such as platelets and B-cells. However, experience with antitumor antibodies has shown that effective antibodies also have an influence on the target cell by the nature of the receptor (or even epitope) they target. Ways this can be done is by growth inhibition (e.g. ...
Mechanism of Binding to Ebola Virus
Mechanism of Binding to Ebola Virus

... Edgar Davidson, Christopher Bryan, Rachel H. Fong, Trevor Barnes, Jennifer M. Pfaff, Manu Mabila, Joseph B. Rucker, Benjamin J. Doranz Integral Molecular Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ...
Maternal immune characteristics and innate immune responses in the
Maternal immune characteristics and innate immune responses in the

... Thus, mice unable to mount an adaptive immune response died rapidly after infection. Unexpectedly, the mice were shown not to die of unchecked microbial infection, but from damage caused by uncontrolled inflammatory cytokines released by the innate immune system [5]. ...
Role of T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cells Plasticity in
Role of T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cells Plasticity in

... for hepatitis C virus. There is a strong correlation between hepatitis C infection and thyroid autoimmunity However, the mechanism by which hepatitis C virus triggering autoimmune thyroiditis in susceptible individuals still unknown. Several suggested mechanisms have been proposed for production thy ...
The Glutasyn Story
The Glutasyn Story

... They all have their advantages and disadvantages. You should never stop using established supplements like vitamins C and E. These substances act synergistically. GSH is considered the cell’s master antioxidant because it replenishes the action of many other antioxidants. For example, vitamin C and ...
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infectious Diseases
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infectious Diseases

... Environmental factors often control the expression of the virulence genes. Common factors: temperature, iron availability, osmolarity, growth phase, pH, specific ions, specific nutrient factors, bacterial cell-density, interaction with host cells. ...
Mast Cells in Autoimmune Disease - Direct-MS
Mast Cells in Autoimmune Disease - Direct-MS

... Autoimmune disease in the skin Bullous pemphigoid seems to present a situation that is highly similar to the one that unfolds in K/BxN mice. This autoimmune skin disease is characterized by subepidermal blisters resulting from auto-antibodies against two hemidesmosomal antigens, BP230 and BP180 (ref ...
handout
handout

... border. Animals develop antibodies against the brush border antigen. These antibodies also react with the basal surface of epithelial cells. Complement activation ensues and shedding of the immune complexes from cell surface to sub-epithelial location occurs and granular sub-epithelial deposits are ...
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus

... • Autoimmune disease against beta cells • Viral infection ...
prevention transplantation coadministered with regulatory T cells for
prevention transplantation coadministered with regulatory T cells for

... obtaining a sufficient number of Treg from a single donor remains a major obstacle for which strategies for selection and expansion through purification and culture have been devised.6 For this, we generated recipient-specific Treg (rsTreg) by culturing CD4⫹CD25highCD62L⫹ purified T cells in the pre ...
The American Association of Immunologists Oral History Project
The American Association of Immunologists Oral History Project

... rejecting A-strain skin grafts like they should, they tolerated them, and they did not tolerate third-party grafts, say, from C57 black or some other strain. So they had the concept that Burnet had predicted and others eventually tried to explain, that the immune system during development somehow ta ...
Early steps regulating proliferation and activation in macrophages Ester Sánchez Tilló 2006
Early steps regulating proliferation and activation in macrophages Ester Sánchez Tilló 2006

... may be responsible for these differences. Upstream molecules implicated could be Ras which has been involved in M-CSF, but not in LPS, signaling towards Raf-1 activation, whereas phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C (PL-PLC) appears to mediate Raf-1 activation in LPS-stimulated cells (Hamilton 1997). ...
A dynamical model of human immune response to influenza A virus
A dynamical model of human immune response to influenza A virus

... antigens acting to enhance virus-infected cell destruction. The peptide-class I MHC complexes presented on the infected cells are recognized by class-I MHC-restricted CD8+ memory T cells (Th1 cells), which destroy the infected cells (Tamura et al., 2005). The specificity of memory T cells is directed ...
Immunisation with proteins expressed during chronic
Immunisation with proteins expressed during chronic

... pGEX4T-1 (Life Technologies), BamH1 and EcoR1 restriction sites were added at the 5 and 3 ends of the genes, respectively. BPSL1897, BPSL3369 and BPSL2287 were expressed as N-terminal glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in BL21 StarTM (DE3) cells (Life Technologies) in Luria Bertani Br ...
Natural Killer cells in viral infections
Natural Killer cells in viral infections

... utilize MHC-I mimicry/up-regulation/redistribution, down-regulation of NK activating ligands or interference with interferon signaling as NK cell inhibiting strategies. Viruses form a continuous threat to humans, due to their ability to mutate frequently. Studying the escape mechanisms of viruses ma ...
Slide
Slide

... MHC class I in human is called HLA I (Human Leukocyte Antigen) (in mouse H-2). Every normal (heterozygous) human expresses six different MHC class I molecules on every cell, containing α-chains derived from the two alleles of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C genes that inherited from the parents. MHC genes are t ...
28-29_Per_tolerance_Regulatory T-cells_LA
28-29_Per_tolerance_Regulatory T-cells_LA

... To answer these questions we need to learn the biology of Tregs!!! ...
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Induces Adult T
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Induces Adult T

... LTRs, and it also stimulates the transcription of cellular genes through cellular signaling pathways of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), serum responsive factor (SRF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and activated protein 1 (AP-1). Tax does not bind to promoter or enhancer sequenc ...
Lineage Commitment During T cell Development
Lineage Commitment During T cell Development

... Modified from Ciofani and Zuniga-Pflucker, Nature Rev. Immunol., 2010 ...
High mortality among young Wetterhoun dogs due to an
High mortality among young Wetterhoun dogs due to an

... problem has a big impact on this breed. Furthermore the timing is very poor. The pups die at the age of eight to twelve weeks, which is typically the same age at which the pups are handed over to there new owners. The result being that the new owners receive a perfectly healthy pup at seven weeks of ...
Exploring Alveolar Macrophages as HIV Reservoirs
Exploring Alveolar Macrophages as HIV Reservoirs

... In the experimental model, zinc supplementation restored alveolar macrophage innate immune function in HIV transgenic rats. The research team hypothesised that treatment with zinc and a glutathione precursor could improve macrophage function in immunological non-responders (individuals who display a ...
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 with type 1 diabetes
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 with type 1 diabetes

... Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a consequence of an autoimmune reaction toward insulin producing β-cells of the pancreas. Immunomodulatory approaches to prevent or treat T1D have been developed and tested with variable results [1-4]. Autoantigens may be used to induce immunologic tolerance as an alternativ ...
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Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
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