Impact of emerging antiviral drug resistance on influenza
... • φr1 ,r2 ,r12 — the transmissibility of the (drug 1, drug 2, multiple)-resistant strain relative to the transmissibility of the uncontrolled wild-type strain. • ρt1,t2 — the proportion of offspring (that is, secondary infectives) of treated wild-type infectives who carry the drug 1 (drug 2) resista ...
... • φr1 ,r2 ,r12 — the transmissibility of the (drug 1, drug 2, multiple)-resistant strain relative to the transmissibility of the uncontrolled wild-type strain. • ρt1,t2 — the proportion of offspring (that is, secondary infectives) of treated wild-type infectives who carry the drug 1 (drug 2) resista ...
Prevention of infectious diseases in cat shelters : ABCD guidelines
... not conducive to their wellbeing due to the progressive accumulation of infectious disease agents and the high animal density. The crowding stress of the shelter environment – noise, odour and sight of other cats, potential aggression – is immunosuppressive. Therefore, we at the ABCD strongly recomm ...
... not conducive to their wellbeing due to the progressive accumulation of infectious disease agents and the high animal density. The crowding stress of the shelter environment – noise, odour and sight of other cats, potential aggression – is immunosuppressive. Therefore, we at the ABCD strongly recomm ...
Helicobacter pylori Overview, Microbiology, and Resistance
... Pylera Warning • Tetracycline – use in patients < 8 years old may cause permanent discoloration of teeth – pregnancy (Category D) and crosses the placenta – photosensitivity treatment should be stopped with first evidence of skin erythema – elevated BUN patients with significantly impaired renal fu ...
... Pylera Warning • Tetracycline – use in patients < 8 years old may cause permanent discoloration of teeth – pregnancy (Category D) and crosses the placenta – photosensitivity treatment should be stopped with first evidence of skin erythema – elevated BUN patients with significantly impaired renal fu ...
Type I IFN Inhibits Alternative Macrophage Activation during
... as the inducible isoform of the enzyme NO synthase (NO synthase 2 [NOS2]) that is critical for controlling bacterial growth (9–13). Indeed, mice deficient in IFN-g (Ifng2/2 mice) or NOS2 (Nos22/2 mice) are extremely susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection, supporting the essential role of IFN-g and ...
... as the inducible isoform of the enzyme NO synthase (NO synthase 2 [NOS2]) that is critical for controlling bacterial growth (9–13). Indeed, mice deficient in IFN-g (Ifng2/2 mice) or NOS2 (Nos22/2 mice) are extremely susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection, supporting the essential role of IFN-g and ...
Helicobacter-like organisms in the stomach of pigs with and without
... between gastric lesions at slaughter and Helicobacter-like organisms,4–6 we did not observe a relationship between the presence of spiral bacteria in the glandular region of the stomach and ulceration of the pars oesophagea. In this study, the herd with the highest proportion of stomachs with gastro ...
... between gastric lesions at slaughter and Helicobacter-like organisms,4–6 we did not observe a relationship between the presence of spiral bacteria in the glandular region of the stomach and ulceration of the pars oesophagea. In this study, the herd with the highest proportion of stomachs with gastro ...
Penicillin
... Of the mice treated with penicillin, two survived and the other two, although they did resist the bacteria, died. The four untreated mice died within a day. On February 1, 1941, the first test of penicillin in humans was conducted. A policeman, who had an advanced staphylococcus ...
... Of the mice treated with penicillin, two survived and the other two, although they did resist the bacteria, died. The four untreated mice died within a day. On February 1, 1941, the first test of penicillin in humans was conducted. A policeman, who had an advanced staphylococcus ...
What causes polio? What are the signs and symptoms of polio? How
... Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH ...
... Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH ...
Update on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV
... 67% for HIV-1–infected patients [19]. Furthermore, the rate of progression to AIDS in HIV-2–infected patients is highly variable. Whereas some HIV-2–infected patients develop advanced immunodeficiency and AIDS-related complications, similar to HIV-1–infected patients, others seem to have normal surv ...
... 67% for HIV-1–infected patients [19]. Furthermore, the rate of progression to AIDS in HIV-2–infected patients is highly variable. Whereas some HIV-2–infected patients develop advanced immunodeficiency and AIDS-related complications, similar to HIV-1–infected patients, others seem to have normal surv ...
DOCTORAL THESIS
... To the Departament de Farmacologia, Terapeutica, I Toxicologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona for providing the opportunity to present the current work as a Doctoral Thesis. ...
... To the Departament de Farmacologia, Terapeutica, I Toxicologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona for providing the opportunity to present the current work as a Doctoral Thesis. ...
Feline Panleukopenia - Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
... Foetal infection may induce immunological tolerance, so that kittens continue shedding virus for extended periods of time (Pedersen, 1987). Foetuses infected between the 35th and 45th days of gestation have depressed T-lymphocyte mediated immunity. In adult cats, infection leads to a transient decre ...
... Foetal infection may induce immunological tolerance, so that kittens continue shedding virus for extended periods of time (Pedersen, 1987). Foetuses infected between the 35th and 45th days of gestation have depressed T-lymphocyte mediated immunity. In adult cats, infection leads to a transient decre ...
ECDC risk assessment on change of testing requirements for
... The estimated residual risks of a case of HIV infection, hepatitis B infection or hepatitis C infection transmitted by undetected infection of reproductive cells, donated for medically assisted reproduction (MAR) services was relatively small, but not insignificant. As expected, the estimated residu ...
... The estimated residual risks of a case of HIV infection, hepatitis B infection or hepatitis C infection transmitted by undetected infection of reproductive cells, donated for medically assisted reproduction (MAR) services was relatively small, but not insignificant. As expected, the estimated residu ...
the Course - Technical Learning College
... Note to students: Keep a copy of everything that you submit. If your work is lost you can submit your copy for grading. If you do not receive your graded assignment or quiz results within two or three weeks after submitting it, please contact your instructor. We expect every student to produce his/ ...
... Note to students: Keep a copy of everything that you submit. If your work is lost you can submit your copy for grading. If you do not receive your graded assignment or quiz results within two or three weeks after submitting it, please contact your instructor. We expect every student to produce his/ ...
1 Measles Fact Sheet 1. What is measles? – Measles is an acute
... measles should consult their health care provider immediately. If they have not been vaccinated, measles vaccine can help prevent infection if it is given within three days of exposure. Immune globulin may help others if it can be given within six days of exposure. 8. Why is vaccination necessary? - ...
... measles should consult their health care provider immediately. If they have not been vaccinated, measles vaccine can help prevent infection if it is given within three days of exposure. Immune globulin may help others if it can be given within six days of exposure. 8. Why is vaccination necessary? - ...
Fulminant hepatic failure in children
... 3500 IU/l. In a patient who has sudden marked elevation of serum aminotransferase levels out of proportion to jaundice, acetaminophen toxicity should be considered as a cause, even when historic evidence is lacking. The measurement of plasma acetaminophen levels predicts the risk of hepatotoxicity o ...
... 3500 IU/l. In a patient who has sudden marked elevation of serum aminotransferase levels out of proportion to jaundice, acetaminophen toxicity should be considered as a cause, even when historic evidence is lacking. The measurement of plasma acetaminophen levels predicts the risk of hepatotoxicity o ...
Microspectrometric insights on the uptake of antibiotics
... measurement of the crosstalk between fluorescence channels can provide real time quantification of drug. This technique represents a new method to assay drug translocation inside the cell and therefore incorporate rational drug design to impact antibiotic uptake. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-nega ...
... measurement of the crosstalk between fluorescence channels can provide real time quantification of drug. This technique represents a new method to assay drug translocation inside the cell and therefore incorporate rational drug design to impact antibiotic uptake. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-nega ...
The evolutionary ecology of complex lifecycle parasites
... complete its lifecycle, gobies likely benefit B. gregarious infectious stages by increasing overall transmission: the total prevalence of B. gregarious is higher than that of B. barbatus (Morand et al., 1995). However, although comparing two closely related parasite species with different levels of c ...
... complete its lifecycle, gobies likely benefit B. gregarious infectious stages by increasing overall transmission: the total prevalence of B. gregarious is higher than that of B. barbatus (Morand et al., 1995). However, although comparing two closely related parasite species with different levels of c ...
Fusidic Acid 2% Cream - Medicines and Healthcare products
... Based on the review of the data on quality, safety and efficacy, the Member States considered that the application for Fusidic Acid 2% Cream could be approved. This prescription only medicine (POM) is used for the treatment of non-severe, superficial, non-extensive, primary and secondary skin infect ...
... Based on the review of the data on quality, safety and efficacy, the Member States considered that the application for Fusidic Acid 2% Cream could be approved. This prescription only medicine (POM) is used for the treatment of non-severe, superficial, non-extensive, primary and secondary skin infect ...
A survey of feline babesiosis in South Africa
... Babesia felis Davis, 1929, is an intraerythrocytic haemoprotozoan parasite of domestic and wild felids17. A number of piroplasms of Felidae have been described in greater or lesser detail, leading to a considerable amount of confusion regarding nomenclature. Dennig4 proposed that the felid piroplasm ...
... Babesia felis Davis, 1929, is an intraerythrocytic haemoprotozoan parasite of domestic and wild felids17. A number of piroplasms of Felidae have been described in greater or lesser detail, leading to a considerable amount of confusion regarding nomenclature. Dennig4 proposed that the felid piroplasm ...
Fever in Ectotherms: Evolutionary Implications Fever results when
... function of fever and, based on the information available to them, were unable to conclude whether fever was beneficial or harmful. It has been very difficult to resolve the question of fever's function in mammals. Consequently, the simplest experiment would involve infecting a group of mammals with ...
... function of fever and, based on the information available to them, were unable to conclude whether fever was beneficial or harmful. It has been very difficult to resolve the question of fever's function in mammals. Consequently, the simplest experiment would involve infecting a group of mammals with ...
The HIV Life Cycle
... through vaginal, rectal, or penile tissues, (2) direct injection with HIV-contaminated drugs, needles, syringes, blood or blood products, and (3) from HIV-infected mothers to fetus in utero, through intra-partum inoculation from mother to infant, or during breast-feeding. There are activities with g ...
... through vaginal, rectal, or penile tissues, (2) direct injection with HIV-contaminated drugs, needles, syringes, blood or blood products, and (3) from HIV-infected mothers to fetus in utero, through intra-partum inoculation from mother to infant, or during breast-feeding. There are activities with g ...
Tattooing and the risk of transmission of hepatitis C
... pigments into the dermal layer of skin by puncturing the skin 80 to 150 times a second. Since tattoo instruments come into contact with blood and bodily fluids, viral and microbial infections may be transmitted if the instruments are used on more than one person without being sterilized or without pr ...
... pigments into the dermal layer of skin by puncturing the skin 80 to 150 times a second. Since tattoo instruments come into contact with blood and bodily fluids, viral and microbial infections may be transmitted if the instruments are used on more than one person without being sterilized or without pr ...
acanthamoeba - Ministry of Health
... 1983) has shown Acanthamoeba spp. to be widely spread throughout New Zealand soil and thermal pools. The organisms are able to survive and grow over a wide temperature range replicating optimally at temperatures of 25 – 30°C where bacterial food is available as happens with contamination of thermal ...
... 1983) has shown Acanthamoeba spp. to be widely spread throughout New Zealand soil and thermal pools. The organisms are able to survive and grow over a wide temperature range replicating optimally at temperatures of 25 – 30°C where bacterial food is available as happens with contamination of thermal ...
Effect of Rhinovirus Infection on the Host Apoptotic Response
... 1995; Seemungal et al., 2000). Picornaviruses are small, non-enveloped RNA viruses which feature a single strand of positive sense RNA surrounded by an outer capsid. They are responsible for a very wide variety of diseases in humans and other vertebrates including poliomyelitis, liver disease, cardi ...
... 1995; Seemungal et al., 2000). Picornaviruses are small, non-enveloped RNA viruses which feature a single strand of positive sense RNA surrounded by an outer capsid. They are responsible for a very wide variety of diseases in humans and other vertebrates including poliomyelitis, liver disease, cardi ...
Hospital-acquired infection
Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) — also known as nosocomial infection — is an infection whose development is favored by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated roughly 1.7 million hospital-associated infections, from all types of microorganisms, including bacteria, combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths each year. In Europe, where hospital surveys have been conducted, the category of gram-negative infections are estimated to account for two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types are difficult to attack with antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance is spreading to gram-negative bacteria that can infect people outside the hospital.Hospital-acquired infections are an important category of hospital-acquired conditions. HAI is sometimes expanded as healthcare-associated infection to emphasize that infections can be correlated with health care in various settings (not just hospitals), which is also true of hospital-acquired conditions generally.