Generation of memory B cells inside and outside germinal centers
... approach, it became clear that not all IgG memory B cells contain somatic mutations in their Ig V regions [6, 25, 26]. In addition, blockade of inducible costimulator (ICOS) early in the immune response caused a significant reduction in the frequency of somatically mutated memory and GC B cells but ...
... approach, it became clear that not all IgG memory B cells contain somatic mutations in their Ig V regions [6, 25, 26]. In addition, blockade of inducible costimulator (ICOS) early in the immune response caused a significant reduction in the frequency of somatically mutated memory and GC B cells but ...
Poster
... The class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) molecule is involved in immune responses to viral and bacterial diseases. When a peptide fragment of a protein is “loaded” into the molecule, the alpha helices of the Class II MHC unwind and the peptide is inserted in the gap. The class II MHC m ...
... The class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) molecule is involved in immune responses to viral and bacterial diseases. When a peptide fragment of a protein is “loaded” into the molecule, the alpha helices of the Class II MHC unwind and the peptide is inserted in the gap. The class II MHC m ...
34130-Review
... immunosuppressive response. Indeed, some PAH/HAH-derived metabolites themselves can, either directly or indirectly via AhR, down-regulate immuneassociated pathways such as the antigen-specific T and B cell responses, compromising lymphocyte development. However, the influence of AhR on the regulatio ...
... immunosuppressive response. Indeed, some PAH/HAH-derived metabolites themselves can, either directly or indirectly via AhR, down-regulate immuneassociated pathways such as the antigen-specific T and B cell responses, compromising lymphocyte development. However, the influence of AhR on the regulatio ...
Structure of the central nervous system of a juvenile acoel
... ini.uzh.ch/∼acardona/trakem2.html). The axonal processes, the sensory neurons, the nerve cords, and the central nervous system, which were revealed by the anti-tyrosin tubulin antibody, were outlined using the modeling functions. The traces were rendered in the program to generate a 3D model of the ...
... ini.uzh.ch/∼acardona/trakem2.html). The axonal processes, the sensory neurons, the nerve cords, and the central nervous system, which were revealed by the anti-tyrosin tubulin antibody, were outlined using the modeling functions. The traces were rendered in the program to generate a 3D model of the ...
NK cells in immunotolerant organs
... is induced, partly due to selective responses to the antigens that prevent inappropriate immune activation.42 The liver is an immune organ with a large proportion of innate immune cells such as NK cells, macrophages, NKT cells and cdT cells.43,44 In humans, 30%–50% of intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK ...
... is induced, partly due to selective responses to the antigens that prevent inappropriate immune activation.42 The liver is an immune organ with a large proportion of innate immune cells such as NK cells, macrophages, NKT cells and cdT cells.43,44 In humans, 30%–50% of intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK ...
Lecture 2: Introduction to Complement
... Distinguish between the activation of each pathway (innate versus acquired) Describe the role of C3b. Describe the role of C3a, C5a. State the composition of the C3 and C5 convertase in each pathway. Describe the formation of the MAC complex. Provide examples of regulation of complement. Describe th ...
... Distinguish between the activation of each pathway (innate versus acquired) Describe the role of C3b. Describe the role of C3a, C5a. State the composition of the C3 and C5 convertase in each pathway. Describe the formation of the MAC complex. Provide examples of regulation of complement. Describe th ...
Suppression of adaptive immunity to heterologous antigens during
... leukemia virus [12] and nematode infection [13], as well as Epstein-Barr virus reactivation [14-17]. Because the efficacy of heterologous vaccines can also be suppressed in malariainfected patients [18-21], children showing clinical signs of malaria are rarely immunized until after anti-malarial che ...
... leukemia virus [12] and nematode infection [13], as well as Epstein-Barr virus reactivation [14-17]. Because the efficacy of heterologous vaccines can also be suppressed in malariainfected patients [18-21], children showing clinical signs of malaria are rarely immunized until after anti-malarial che ...
Acute Stress Eliminates Female Advantage in
... ambiguity”), as shown in Figure 1. Based on the literature reviewed above, we tested two hypotheses. It is known that women are more sensitive than men to facial affect (Boyatzis et al., 1993; Montagne et al., 2005); it is also known that psychological states influence affect identification and sens ...
... ambiguity”), as shown in Figure 1. Based on the literature reviewed above, we tested two hypotheses. It is known that women are more sensitive than men to facial affect (Boyatzis et al., 1993; Montagne et al., 2005); it is also known that psychological states influence affect identification and sens ...
Exploiting Amoeboid and Non-Vertebrate Animal Model Systems to Study the
... pathogenic fungi. Similarly, many bacterial virulence factors, especially in opportunistic environmental pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are involved in both mammalian pathogenesis and predation avoidance by nematodes and amoebae [16–18]. The phenomenon of fungal dimorphism, an important a ...
... pathogenic fungi. Similarly, many bacterial virulence factors, especially in opportunistic environmental pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are involved in both mammalian pathogenesis and predation avoidance by nematodes and amoebae [16–18]. The phenomenon of fungal dimorphism, an important a ...
Environmental determinants of population divergence in lifehistory
... for studying the rapid evolution of traits and plasticity because invasive species are exposed to novel environments and, thus, experience strong selection. Exotic species that undergo a rapid range expansion over a latitudinal gradient of temperature and seasonality are particularly useful for stud ...
... for studying the rapid evolution of traits and plasticity because invasive species are exposed to novel environments and, thus, experience strong selection. Exotic species that undergo a rapid range expansion over a latitudinal gradient of temperature and seasonality are particularly useful for stud ...
Vaccine Timeliness - Royal College of Nursing
... DTaP/IPV/Hib (diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib) ...
... DTaP/IPV/Hib (diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib) ...
Consulta: subjectFacets:"Trypanosomiasis" Registros recuperados
... Abstract During the course of evolution, multicellular organisms have been orchestrated with an efficient and versatile immune system to counteract diverse group of pathogenic organisms. Pathogen recognition is considered as the most critical step behind eliciting adequate immune response during an ...
... Abstract During the course of evolution, multicellular organisms have been orchestrated with an efficient and versatile immune system to counteract diverse group of pathogenic organisms. Pathogen recognition is considered as the most critical step behind eliciting adequate immune response during an ...
Induction of protective immunity to Cryptococcal infection in mice by
... against Cryptococcus includes both antibody- and cell-mediated responses. Effective cross talk between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system is critical for the defense against the pathogen and the resolution of the fungal infection (7–9). It is well established that cell-mediated immuni ...
... against Cryptococcus includes both antibody- and cell-mediated responses. Effective cross talk between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system is critical for the defense against the pathogen and the resolution of the fungal infection (7–9). It is well established that cell-mediated immuni ...
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1
... et al., 2009). A mutation in the CCR5 gene is known to confer resistance against infections caused by HIV since the CCR5 co-receptor is involved in viral entry into cells. Another recent development towards a cure was the report from a group of Australian scientists who successfully cleared an HIV-l ...
... et al., 2009). A mutation in the CCR5 gene is known to confer resistance against infections caused by HIV since the CCR5 co-receptor is involved in viral entry into cells. Another recent development towards a cure was the report from a group of Australian scientists who successfully cleared an HIV-l ...
Multiple Sclerosis Disease Report
... PAS provides two types of reports—disease and organization reports. Disease Reports discuss the burden, progression, and existing treatments for a given disease; highlight priority research areas; and provide an overview of relevant activities in the commercial and nonprofit research sectors. These ...
... PAS provides two types of reports—disease and organization reports. Disease Reports discuss the burden, progression, and existing treatments for a given disease; highlight priority research areas; and provide an overview of relevant activities in the commercial and nonprofit research sectors. These ...
Surfactant proteins and the inflammatory and immune response in
... and lung tissue remodelling. These cells can phagocytose bacteria, inert particles, surfactant, and other extracellular components of the alveoli recognized as foreign, thereby playing a role in the metabolic turnover of the lung. Macrophages can also release cytokines, which can recruit other infla ...
... and lung tissue remodelling. These cells can phagocytose bacteria, inert particles, surfactant, and other extracellular components of the alveoli recognized as foreign, thereby playing a role in the metabolic turnover of the lung. Macrophages can also release cytokines, which can recruit other infla ...
Review The pathogenesis of liver disease in the setting of HIV
... HBV itself is not usually pathogenic [22]; however, a form of fulminant hepatitis called fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) has been described in the posttransplant setting and in HIV–HBV coinfection [23]. In HBV-monoinfected individuals, FCH is characterized by extremely high levels of HBV DNA, ...
... HBV itself is not usually pathogenic [22]; however, a form of fulminant hepatitis called fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) has been described in the posttransplant setting and in HIV–HBV coinfection [23]. In HBV-monoinfected individuals, FCH is characterized by extremely high levels of HBV DNA, ...
Transplant Outcome in Mice Effects of T Cell Frequency and Graft
... can calculate the percent killing in vivo based on relative numbers of detectable target cells in each. Syngeneic control target cells loaded with gal96 –103 or specific target cells loaded with HYUtyp are labeled with different concentrations of CFSE so that they can be differentiated by flow cyto ...
... can calculate the percent killing in vivo based on relative numbers of detectable target cells in each. Syngeneic control target cells loaded with gal96 –103 or specific target cells loaded with HYUtyp are labeled with different concentrations of CFSE so that they can be differentiated by flow cyto ...
Physiological Psychology
... The sympathetic nervous system is configured for a simultaneous, coordinated response to emergencies. Axons from neurons in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord communicate with a series of ganglia just outside the cord known as the sympathetic chain. Fibers from cells in the sympathe ...
... The sympathetic nervous system is configured for a simultaneous, coordinated response to emergencies. Axons from neurons in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord communicate with a series of ganglia just outside the cord known as the sympathetic chain. Fibers from cells in the sympathe ...
Regional Specialisation of T Cell Subsets and Apoptosis in the
... The mucosal immune system of the healthy intestine has to maintain the balance between tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory immune responses. Each region of the intestine has unique characteristics related to specific functions and differential predominant antigens.1 The small bowel has to deal with a h ...
... The mucosal immune system of the healthy intestine has to maintain the balance between tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory immune responses. Each region of the intestine has unique characteristics related to specific functions and differential predominant antigens.1 The small bowel has to deal with a h ...
Stem cells are influenced by microbial ligands
... general selection markers for stem cells; markers expressed by a stem cell depend on their local environment. Stem cells have been identified in among other the intestine, skin, dental pulp, liver, pancreas, muscle, blood, bone marrow, and nervous system [3]. Two well characterized stem cells are he ...
... general selection markers for stem cells; markers expressed by a stem cell depend on their local environment. Stem cells have been identified in among other the intestine, skin, dental pulp, liver, pancreas, muscle, blood, bone marrow, and nervous system [3]. Two well characterized stem cells are he ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.