61. DNA vaccines based on FMDV minigenes in a mouse model
... (pCMV-BTT-LII, pCMV-Ubq-BTT; panels b and c respectively) or by the fast secretion of the BTT epitopes to the milieu (pCMV-CTLA4BTT, panel d). The contribution of the humoral response to the in vivo protection against FMDV has been clearly established along the years. In particular, a strong correla ...
... (pCMV-BTT-LII, pCMV-Ubq-BTT; panels b and c respectively) or by the fast secretion of the BTT epitopes to the milieu (pCMV-CTLA4BTT, panel d). The contribution of the humoral response to the in vivo protection against FMDV has been clearly established along the years. In particular, a strong correla ...
Oncomedicine Immunological Role of Vitamin D in Skin Diseases
... safeguard against autoimmune reactions by removing self-reactive T cells. Tregs may be naturally produced or induced by chemokines, predominantly by the expression of Foxp3+. Mounting research exploring Treg interactions are elucidating not only the impact of Treg dysfunction in normal immune functi ...
... safeguard against autoimmune reactions by removing self-reactive T cells. Tregs may be naturally produced or induced by chemokines, predominantly by the expression of Foxp3+. Mounting research exploring Treg interactions are elucidating not only the impact of Treg dysfunction in normal immune functi ...
Programme
... that regulate direction and migration of neuronal cells during neuronal development. However, cumulative evidence indicates that they have diverse and important functions in other physiological processes, including heart development, vascular growth, tumor progression and immune responses. In partic ...
... that regulate direction and migration of neuronal cells during neuronal development. However, cumulative evidence indicates that they have diverse and important functions in other physiological processes, including heart development, vascular growth, tumor progression and immune responses. In partic ...
A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env–granulocyte
... Vaccinia virus (VV) infection induces protective T- and B-cell responses, making recombinants based on VV good candidates for the development of effective vaccines to other viruses. VV recombinants expressing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein (Env) have been generated in severa ...
... Vaccinia virus (VV) infection induces protective T- and B-cell responses, making recombinants based on VV good candidates for the development of effective vaccines to other viruses. VV recombinants expressing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein (Env) have been generated in severa ...
(HSP60)?
... Results Treatment with the monoclonal antibody maintained or improved insulin production after one year in 9 of the 12 patients in the treatment group, whereas only 2 of the 12 controls had a sustained response (P=0.01). The treatment effect on insulin responses lasted for at least 12 months after d ...
... Results Treatment with the monoclonal antibody maintained or improved insulin production after one year in 9 of the 12 patients in the treatment group, whereas only 2 of the 12 controls had a sustained response (P=0.01). The treatment effect on insulin responses lasted for at least 12 months after d ...
Immunoglobulins on the Surface of Lymphocytes
... Immunofluorescent staining. Cells were washed three times in HBSS before being reacted with fluoresceinated antisera. To portions of 1-10 X 10" cells in about 0.1 ml was added 0.1 ml of fluoresceinated antisera (at a concentration of 1-3 mg/ml), and the reaction mixture was incubated at room tempera ...
... Immunofluorescent staining. Cells were washed three times in HBSS before being reacted with fluoresceinated antisera. To portions of 1-10 X 10" cells in about 0.1 ml was added 0.1 ml of fluoresceinated antisera (at a concentration of 1-3 mg/ml), and the reaction mixture was incubated at room tempera ...
Vaccines
... • Unfortunately, one shot is not enough to protect a person from the disease you are vaccinating against. Whenever a person is vaccinated the person's immune system will activate a certain number of cells called B-cells. These B-cells will multiply and some of them will produce antibodies. Others of ...
... • Unfortunately, one shot is not enough to protect a person from the disease you are vaccinating against. Whenever a person is vaccinated the person's immune system will activate a certain number of cells called B-cells. These B-cells will multiply and some of them will produce antibodies. Others of ...
Blood
... antibodies that react with the surface antigen A and the surface antigen B, respectively. The antibodies in your blood plasma do not recognize the surface antigens on your erythrocytes. ...
... antibodies that react with the surface antigen A and the surface antigen B, respectively. The antibodies in your blood plasma do not recognize the surface antigens on your erythrocytes. ...
Renal-CPC-17-y-old
... erythematosus (SLE). Two general hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic association with disease. a | The clearance hypothesis states that failure to clear apoptotic bodies — a principal source of SLE antigens — leads to inappropriate activation of mature, self-reactive B and T cells. ...
... erythematosus (SLE). Two general hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic association with disease. a | The clearance hypothesis states that failure to clear apoptotic bodies — a principal source of SLE antigens — leads to inappropriate activation of mature, self-reactive B and T cells. ...
Replication-Competent Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and
... Viruses 2012, 4 Figure 2. Indicator protein-expressing PRRS viruses are effective tools for deciphering the role of host factors in PRRSV infection. (A) Producing cell clones of MARC-145 cells with the suppression of a cellular protein of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101). (B1–D4) Retarded rep ...
... Viruses 2012, 4 Figure 2. Indicator protein-expressing PRRS viruses are effective tools for deciphering the role of host factors in PRRSV infection. (A) Producing cell clones of MARC-145 cells with the suppression of a cellular protein of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101). (B1–D4) Retarded rep ...
Anatomy and Physiology Unit 10 Review
... 36. The clumping of antibodies and antigens is called ____Agglutination______________. 37. The iron containing protein that combines with oxygen is called ____Hemoglobin________. 38. The liquid part of the blood that has not clotted is called ___Plasma_______. 39. The major function of the RBC's is ...
... 36. The clumping of antibodies and antigens is called ____Agglutination______________. 37. The iron containing protein that combines with oxygen is called ____Hemoglobin________. 38. The liquid part of the blood that has not clotted is called ___Plasma_______. 39. The major function of the RBC's is ...
Toxoplasmosis
... her better left eye. She had 1 week of redness, photophobia, pain, and decreased vision. She reported no underlying systemic disease or recent health change and no family history of unusual eye disease. (She was 1 of 8 siblings with the same biological parents.) She was not on medication. She did re ...
... her better left eye. She had 1 week of redness, photophobia, pain, and decreased vision. She reported no underlying systemic disease or recent health change and no family history of unusual eye disease. (She was 1 of 8 siblings with the same biological parents.) She was not on medication. She did re ...
2 1-fructans modulate the immune system in vivo by direct
... β2→1-fructans to promote the expansion of immunostimulatory bacteria in the gut, mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (10). In addition, metabolites produced after fermentation of β2→1-fructans by commensal gut bacteria include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which dampen inflammatory responses b ...
... β2→1-fructans to promote the expansion of immunostimulatory bacteria in the gut, mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (10). In addition, metabolites produced after fermentation of β2→1-fructans by commensal gut bacteria include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which dampen inflammatory responses b ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis
... enables transfer of HIV infection to CD4⫹ cells without necessitating virus entry into the mononuclear cells [28]. Langerhans’ cells that bear HIV particles may be carried from genital mucosa to lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics (figure 1). Although the interdigitating dendritic cells in skin are ...
... enables transfer of HIV infection to CD4⫹ cells without necessitating virus entry into the mononuclear cells [28]. Langerhans’ cells that bear HIV particles may be carried from genital mucosa to lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics (figure 1). Although the interdigitating dendritic cells in skin are ...
here
... – Phase 1 – alarm – sympathetic nervous system is activated – Phase 2 – resistance – hormones dumped – Phase 3 – exhaustion – body is depleted causing vulnerability to illness, or even death ...
... – Phase 1 – alarm – sympathetic nervous system is activated – Phase 2 – resistance – hormones dumped – Phase 3 – exhaustion – body is depleted causing vulnerability to illness, or even death ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑