![Unit 4 Notes](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017217520_1-115d26894a8b9ab853e883f6806077c2-300x300.png)
Lec-2 Cell Structure
... 1. Transport. (left) A protein that spans the membrane may provide a hydrophilic channel across the membrane that is selective for a particular solute. (right) Other transport proteins shuttle a substance from one side to the other by changing shape. Some of these proteins hydrolyze ATP as an energy ...
... 1. Transport. (left) A protein that spans the membrane may provide a hydrophilic channel across the membrane that is selective for a particular solute. (right) Other transport proteins shuttle a substance from one side to the other by changing shape. Some of these proteins hydrolyze ATP as an energy ...
Special Review
... of lipid domains sequester proteins that mediate signal transduction in a variety of cell types, including endothelial cells and myocytes. Lipid rafts move or “float” as a coherent structural unit within the liquid-disordered lipid bilayer and can also cluster with other rafts to form larger platfor ...
... of lipid domains sequester proteins that mediate signal transduction in a variety of cell types, including endothelial cells and myocytes. Lipid rafts move or “float” as a coherent structural unit within the liquid-disordered lipid bilayer and can also cluster with other rafts to form larger platfor ...
Chapter 19 – Lipids
... Soaps were discussed briefly in Chapter 15 (pp. 7 – 8 of the notes). The reaction of sodium hydroxide with fat molecules releases glycerol and the sodium salts of the fatty acids (RCO2Na). No source I have found discussing the production of soap says that they are made from synthetic fatty acids. Al ...
... Soaps were discussed briefly in Chapter 15 (pp. 7 – 8 of the notes). The reaction of sodium hydroxide with fat molecules releases glycerol and the sodium salts of the fatty acids (RCO2Na). No source I have found discussing the production of soap says that they are made from synthetic fatty acids. Al ...
Pressure effects on lipids and bio
... changes in both the lipids and the proteins, and their interactions. There have so far been relatively few studies of the influence of pressure on model lipid–protein assemblies, but careful control of temperature and pressure has the potential to facilitate future investigation of the mechanisms an ...
... changes in both the lipids and the proteins, and their interactions. There have so far been relatively few studies of the influence of pressure on model lipid–protein assemblies, but careful control of temperature and pressure has the potential to facilitate future investigation of the mechanisms an ...
PPT
... – Most animal fats have a high proportion of saturated fatty acids, which can be unhealthy. • Example: butter ...
... – Most animal fats have a high proportion of saturated fatty acids, which can be unhealthy. • Example: butter ...
to get the file - Chair of Computational Biology
... - Insertion of TM proteins into membrane: Translocon, MINS (today, V1) - Prediction of TM segments from sequence (V2) - Composition of Lipid membrane, Phase transitions (V3) - Elasticity of membranes (V4) - Predicting lipid-facing helix faces from sequence: TMX (V5) - Predicting helix interactions f ...
... - Insertion of TM proteins into membrane: Translocon, MINS (today, V1) - Prediction of TM segments from sequence (V2) - Composition of Lipid membrane, Phase transitions (V3) - Elasticity of membranes (V4) - Predicting lipid-facing helix faces from sequence: TMX (V5) - Predicting helix interactions f ...
problem set #4 - U of L Class Index
... when their environmental temperature is lowered. The unsaturated fatty acid content of the lipids in the cell membranes increases when the organism becomes adapted to the lower temperature. What is the purpose of this increase? (25) Identify in the diagram the following components of the cell membra ...
... when their environmental temperature is lowered. The unsaturated fatty acid content of the lipids in the cell membranes increases when the organism becomes adapted to the lower temperature. What is the purpose of this increase? (25) Identify in the diagram the following components of the cell membra ...
(1) Give brief definitions or unique descriptions of the following terms:
... when their environmental temperature is lowered. The unsaturated fatty acid content of the lipids in the cell membranes increases when the organism becomes adapted to the lower temperature. What is the purpose of this increase? (25) Identify in the diagram the following components of the cell membra ...
... when their environmental temperature is lowered. The unsaturated fatty acid content of the lipids in the cell membranes increases when the organism becomes adapted to the lower temperature. What is the purpose of this increase? (25) Identify in the diagram the following components of the cell membra ...
Chapter 12 - Membrane Transport
... The diffusion of water down its concentration gradient (that is, an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration) thru a semi-permeable membrane is called Osmosis. Concept: Because solutions are always referred to in terms of concentration of solute, water moves by osmo ...
... The diffusion of water down its concentration gradient (that is, an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration) thru a semi-permeable membrane is called Osmosis. Concept: Because solutions are always referred to in terms of concentration of solute, water moves by osmo ...
Cell - CBI
... Figure 10-25. Spectrin molecules from human red blood cells. The protein is shown schematically in (A) and in electron micrographs in (B). Each spectrin heterodimer consists of two antiparallel, loosely intertwined, flexible polypeptide chains called a and b these are attached noncovalently to each ...
... Figure 10-25. Spectrin molecules from human red blood cells. The protein is shown schematically in (A) and in electron micrographs in (B). Each spectrin heterodimer consists of two antiparallel, loosely intertwined, flexible polypeptide chains called a and b these are attached noncovalently to each ...
Cellular Membranes
... • At the surface of a cell, the plasma membrane separates the intracellular fluid (ICF or cytosol) from the extracellular fluid (ECF) of a cell • Provides a means to communicate with other cells • Provides a gateway for exchange between the ECF and ICF – the arrangement of phospholipids in a bilayer ...
... • At the surface of a cell, the plasma membrane separates the intracellular fluid (ICF or cytosol) from the extracellular fluid (ECF) of a cell • Provides a means to communicate with other cells • Provides a gateway for exchange between the ECF and ICF – the arrangement of phospholipids in a bilayer ...
Passive Transport - Warren County Schools
... • Move from HIGH to LOW concentration – “passive transport” – no energy needed – Small and non charged – Straight through membrane movement of water ...
... • Move from HIGH to LOW concentration – “passive transport” – no energy needed – Small and non charged – Straight through membrane movement of water ...
08CellMembranes2009
... How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment? FATS ...
... How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment? FATS ...
ap biology 2007 scoring guidelines - AP Central
... communication. The student makes an error in that tight junctions do not function in the same manner but was not penalized for this. Sample: 1C Score: 4 In part (a) the response received 2 points for phospholipid structure and function; the student makes an error in equating the head groups with hyd ...
... communication. The student makes an error in that tight junctions do not function in the same manner but was not penalized for this. Sample: 1C Score: 4 In part (a) the response received 2 points for phospholipid structure and function; the student makes an error in equating the head groups with hyd ...
Chapter 14
... Ca2+ is transported out of the cell or into the ER lumen, so intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are extremely low. Transient, localized increases in intracellular Ca2+ are important in cell signaling (as in muscle contraction). ...
... Ca2+ is transported out of the cell or into the ER lumen, so intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are extremely low. Transient, localized increases in intracellular Ca2+ are important in cell signaling (as in muscle contraction). ...
Cells & Cell Organelles
... How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment? FATS ...
... How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment? FATS ...
Lecture Slides - University of Manitoba
... osmosis of water to the inside the cell all the time. Also electrolytes tend to leak along with the water to the inside. If there weren't any mechanism to oppose this, the cell would eventually swell until it burst. But Sodium pump initiates and opposite osmotic tendency to move water out of the cel ...
... osmosis of water to the inside the cell all the time. Also electrolytes tend to leak along with the water to the inside. If there weren't any mechanism to oppose this, the cell would eventually swell until it burst. But Sodium pump initiates and opposite osmotic tendency to move water out of the cel ...
Cell Biology Part II Notes
... membrane are proteins with specific receptor sites exposed to the extracellular fluid. The receptor proteins are usually clustered in regions of the membrane called coated pits, which are lined on their cytoplasmic side by a fuzzy layer of coat proteins. The specific substances (ligands) bind to the ...
... membrane are proteins with specific receptor sites exposed to the extracellular fluid. The receptor proteins are usually clustered in regions of the membrane called coated pits, which are lined on their cytoplasmic side by a fuzzy layer of coat proteins. The specific substances (ligands) bind to the ...
Lipid bilayer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lipid_bilayer_section.gif?width=300)
The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. The cell membranes of almost all living organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the membranes surrounding the cell nucleus and other sub-cellular structures. The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. Lipid bilayers are ideally suited to this role because, even though they are only a few nanometers in width, they are impermeable to most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules. Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps.Biological bilayers are usually composed of amphiphilic phospholipids that have a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of two fatty acid chains. Phospholipids with certain head groups can alter the surface chemistry of a bilayer and can, for example, serve as signals as well as ""anchors"" for other molecules in the membranes of cells. Just like the heads, the tails of lipids can also affect membrane properties, for instance by determining the phase of the bilayer. The bilayer can adopt a solid gel phase state at lower temperatures but undergo phase transition to a fluid state at higher temperatures, and the chemical properties of the lipids' tails influence at which temperature this happens. The packing of lipids within the bilayer also affects its mechanical properties, including its resistance to stretching and bending. Many of these properties have been studied with the use of artificial ""model"" bilayers produced in a lab. Vesicles made by model bilayers have also been used clinically to deliver drugs.Biological membranes typically include several types of molecules other than phospholipids. A particularly important example in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps strengthen the bilayer and decrease its permeability. Cholesterol also helps regulate the activity of certain integral membrane proteins. Integral membrane proteins function when incorporated into a lipid bilayer, and they are held tightly to lipid bilayer with the help of an annular lipid shell. Because bilayers define the boundaries of the cell and its compartments, these membrane proteins are involved in many intra- and inter-cellular signaling processes. Certain kinds of membrane proteins are involved in the process of fusing two bilayers together. This fusion allows the joining of two distinct structures as in the fertilization of an egg by sperm or the entry of a virus into a cell. Because lipid bilayers are quite fragile and invisible in a traditional microscope, they are a challenge to study. Experiments on bilayers often require advanced techniques like electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.