to print line coding..
... 4-1 DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION In this section, we see how we can represent digital data by using digital signals. The conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling. Line coding is always needed; block coding and scrambling may or may not be needed. Topics discus ...
... 4-1 DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION In this section, we see how we can represent digital data by using digital signals. The conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling. Line coding is always needed; block coding and scrambling may or may not be needed. Topics discus ...
View
... Process of taking a specific amount of data from each device in a regular order May be done by bit, byte, or any other data unit ...
... Process of taking a specific amount of data from each device in a regular order May be done by bit, byte, or any other data unit ...
Serial Communications
... The Parity is computed first on the transmitting end, and included as the Parity bit in the frame. The Parity is then recomputed on the receiving end, and the result is compared to the Parity bit value. If the Parity calculation on the receiving end does not match, the receiver knows data corruption ...
... The Parity is computed first on the transmitting end, and included as the Parity bit in the frame. The Parity is then recomputed on the receiving end, and the result is compared to the Parity bit value. If the Parity calculation on the receiving end does not match, the receiver knows data corruption ...
Part II Data Transmission
... Simple idea - use varying voltages to represent 1s and 0s One common encoding use negative voltage for 1 and positive voltage for 0 In following figure, transmitter puts positive voltage on line for ...
... Simple idea - use varying voltages to represent 1s and 0s One common encoding use negative voltage for 1 and positive voltage for 0 In following figure, transmitter puts positive voltage on line for ...
Spring 2013 Final Exam Solutions
... as they may be used to store data. More specifically, edge-triggered flip-flops are useful because they allow for the exact time at which a write may occur to be controlled. If such control is not necessary, a level-triggered flip-flop may be used. ...
... as they may be used to store data. More specifically, edge-triggered flip-flops are useful because they allow for the exact time at which a write may occur to be controlled. If such control is not necessary, a level-triggered flip-flop may be used. ...
Tutorial 1 Answers
... provide source and destination addresses, synchronization points, information for error detection, etc. ...
... provide source and destination addresses, synchronization points, information for error detection, etc. ...
Medium Access Control (MAC)
... electronics at the destination. This period of time is known as the Inter-Frame Gap (IFG). While every transmitter must wait for this time between sending frames, receivers do not necessarily see a "silent" period of 9.6 microseconds. The way in which repeaters operate is such that they may reduce t ...
... electronics at the destination. This period of time is known as the Inter-Frame Gap (IFG). While every transmitter must wait for this time between sending frames, receivers do not necessarily see a "silent" period of 9.6 microseconds. The way in which repeaters operate is such that they may reduce t ...
The Link Layer
... message bits they check, with no carry • Possible to detect single-bit and double-bit errors • Possible to recover from single-bit errors • See Hamming lecture (will be linked on calendar) for more details ...
... message bits they check, with no carry • Possible to detect single-bit and double-bit errors • Possible to recover from single-bit errors • See Hamming lecture (will be linked on calendar) for more details ...
End Sem
... What is the probability that a frame is received with an undetected error? (ii) If the actual bit error rate is 10-6, is it possible to achieve a probability close to that achieved in (i)? Compute. (b) Two communicating devices are using a single-bit even parity check for error detection. The transm ...
... What is the probability that a frame is received with an undetected error? (ii) If the actual bit error rate is 10-6, is it possible to achieve a probability close to that achieved in (i)? Compute. (b) Two communicating devices are using a single-bit even parity check for error detection. The transm ...
Lecture 7: Physical Layer 1
... • methods to reduce the number of bits per sample – differential pulse code – delta modulation – predictive encoding ...
... • methods to reduce the number of bits per sample – differential pulse code – delta modulation – predictive encoding ...
E-carrier
In digital telecommunications, where a single physical wire pair can be used to carry many simultaneous voice conversations by time-division multiplexing, worldwide standards have been created and deployed. The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) originally standardized the E-carrier system, which revised and improved the earlier American T-carrier technology, and this has now been adopted by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). It was widely adopted in almost all countries outside the US, Canada, and Japan. E-carrier deployments have steadily been replaced by ethernet as telecommunication networks transitions towards all IP.