Steel Construction
... Whereas it had been common for the joints between wall panels to be clearly visible from outside the home, the new approach of covering the exterior walls with aluminum and other materials took people by surprise. (See Photos 1~4) Further, because mass production was almost unheard of at prefabricat ...
... Whereas it had been common for the joints between wall panels to be clearly visible from outside the home, the new approach of covering the exterior walls with aluminum and other materials took people by surprise. (See Photos 1~4) Further, because mass production was almost unheard of at prefabricat ...
Simulation Steel Fiber Concrete Composite Outer Wallboard
... strength. At the same time, the ductility and shear-bearing capacity of concrete are also enhanced. So, Only the young's modulus of elastic parameters is slightly higher than that of ordinary concrete in this simulation experiment, and Other material properties are similar to ordinary concrete [4]. ...
... strength. At the same time, the ductility and shear-bearing capacity of concrete are also enhanced. So, Only the young's modulus of elastic parameters is slightly higher than that of ordinary concrete in this simulation experiment, and Other material properties are similar to ordinary concrete [4]. ...
Seismic Strengthening of Harborview Medical Center
... Emergency Management Agency's Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA 356) was used as the loading protocol (ASCE, 2000). Each applied load step represents a specific spandrel rotation. Loads were applied in both the positive and negative directions to a target ...
... Emergency Management Agency's Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA 356) was used as the loading protocol (ASCE, 2000). Each applied load step represents a specific spandrel rotation. Loads were applied in both the positive and negative directions to a target ...
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
... The impact of concrete on pollution can be of different types and affects different phases of concrete handling. During the production of cement, 240g of sulphur dioxide and approximately 6000g of nitrogen oxide is produced per tonne of cement. In concrete production, water is consumed significantly ...
... The impact of concrete on pollution can be of different types and affects different phases of concrete handling. During the production of cement, 240g of sulphur dioxide and approximately 6000g of nitrogen oxide is produced per tonne of cement. In concrete production, water is consumed significantly ...
PDF
... on pushover analysis of multi-storey RC framed buildings subjecting them to monotonically increasing lateral forces with an invariant height wise distribution until the preset performance level (target displacement) is reached. Te promise of performance-based seismic engineering (PBSE) is to produce ...
... on pushover analysis of multi-storey RC framed buildings subjecting them to monotonically increasing lateral forces with an invariant height wise distribution until the preset performance level (target displacement) is reached. Te promise of performance-based seismic engineering (PBSE) is to produce ...
Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties and
... phase transformations, and thermal incompatibility between aggregates and cement paste [21, 22]. On the other hand, quality control of concrete, by means of non-destructive methods, in structures subjected to fire or not so high temperature exposure conditions, is not particularly easy to be carried ...
... phase transformations, and thermal incompatibility between aggregates and cement paste [21, 22]. On the other hand, quality control of concrete, by means of non-destructive methods, in structures subjected to fire or not so high temperature exposure conditions, is not particularly easy to be carried ...
Guidelines for Professional Structural Engineering
... Engineers and Geoscientists Act.” For the purposes of the Engineers and Geoscientists Act (the Act) this can include professional engineers and licensees including limited licensees having the appropriate scope of practice all of whom must be qualified by training or experience to provide designs fo ...
... Engineers and Geoscientists Act.” For the purposes of the Engineers and Geoscientists Act (the Act) this can include professional engineers and licensees including limited licensees having the appropriate scope of practice all of whom must be qualified by training or experience to provide designs fo ...
International Journal of Computer Science and Intelligent
... mo ments. The IS code 456:2000 defines the column as Compression Member, the effective length of which exceeds three times the least lateral dimension and unsupported length l shall not exceed sixty times of b (least lateral dimension), if restrained at the two ends. Further, if one end of a column ...
... mo ments. The IS code 456:2000 defines the column as Compression Member, the effective length of which exceeds three times the least lateral dimension and unsupported length l shall not exceed sixty times of b (least lateral dimension), if restrained at the two ends. Further, if one end of a column ...
View Full Text-PDF
... thickness of raft was 0.95 meters while the required one should be 1.30 meter. In addition, there is a great eccentricity on the raft due to lake of raft design that makes the stresses on soil reaches 5 kg/cm2 at some areas while the allowable is 1.5 kg/cm2. The increasing area and thickness as well ...
... thickness of raft was 0.95 meters while the required one should be 1.30 meter. In addition, there is a great eccentricity on the raft due to lake of raft design that makes the stresses on soil reaches 5 kg/cm2 at some areas while the allowable is 1.5 kg/cm2. The increasing area and thickness as well ...
Structure Foundation Considerations
... - Recommended bottom of footing elevation and reason for recommendation (e.g., based on frost depth, estimated scour depth or depth to competent bearing material). - Recommended factored and unfactored soil or rock bearing capacities. - Estimated footing settlement and time of settlement for factore ...
... - Recommended bottom of footing elevation and reason for recommendation (e.g., based on frost depth, estimated scour depth or depth to competent bearing material). - Recommended factored and unfactored soil or rock bearing capacities. - Estimated footing settlement and time of settlement for factore ...
Assessment of Overstrength and Ductility of a Four
... beam end. The configuration of the braced frame would clearly play a significant role in determining these axial loads in the beams. Redistribution of loads due to brace buckling or yielding can only be determined for beams located within braced bays. The resulting section at any level is applied to ...
... beam end. The configuration of the braced frame would clearly play a significant role in determining these axial loads in the beams. Redistribution of loads due to brace buckling or yielding can only be determined for beams located within braced bays. The resulting section at any level is applied to ...
V.Shukhov. A critical review on digital architecture
... when double-curved spatial vaults were created with single-type rod elements (Khan-Magomedov 2010). Overall, the roof is divided by three-pinned arches into five segments covered with symmetrical doublecurvature shells. The single-curvature system was transformed to a double-curved surface simply by ...
... when double-curved spatial vaults were created with single-type rod elements (Khan-Magomedov 2010). Overall, the roof is divided by three-pinned arches into five segments covered with symmetrical doublecurvature shells. The single-curvature system was transformed to a double-curved surface simply by ...
Publication Link - Pennsylvania Housing Research Center
... discrete floor elements (unit diaphragms). Therefore, the integrity of these discrete units, which is provided by the diaphragm, is very important in these systems. There are two diaphragm systems that need to be differentiated. The entire building floor diaphragm is a structural system that distrib ...
... discrete floor elements (unit diaphragms). Therefore, the integrity of these discrete units, which is provided by the diaphragm, is very important in these systems. There are two diaphragm systems that need to be differentiated. The entire building floor diaphragm is a structural system that distrib ...
Vibration Based Methodologies for Damage Assessment of
... advantage of the local damage detection is that it is very effective for small and regular structures. However, for the large and complicated structures it is very difficult to detect damage using local damage detection method. For detecting damage throughout the whole structure like large, complica ...
... advantage of the local damage detection is that it is very effective for small and regular structures. However, for the large and complicated structures it is very difficult to detect damage using local damage detection method. For detecting damage throughout the whole structure like large, complica ...
Building Resilience: Expanding the Concept of
... Comprised of an exposed heavy timber structural system and cross laminated timber (CLT) decking and shear walls, the four-story, 87,000-square-foot structure accommodates the rules of capacity design—where certain elements of a structural system are intended to yield, and others are intended to rema ...
... Comprised of an exposed heavy timber structural system and cross laminated timber (CLT) decking and shear walls, the four-story, 87,000-square-foot structure accommodates the rules of capacity design—where certain elements of a structural system are intended to yield, and others are intended to rema ...
0behaviour of reinforced concrete beam with web openings
... used for RC beams with small openings. Mansur and Tan recommended that a circular, square, or nearly square opening may be considered a small opening provided that the depth (or diameter) of the opening is in realistic proportion to the beam size, that is, less than approximately 40% of the overall ...
... used for RC beams with small openings. Mansur and Tan recommended that a circular, square, or nearly square opening may be considered a small opening provided that the depth (or diameter) of the opening is in realistic proportion to the beam size, that is, less than approximately 40% of the overall ...
MATERIAL INNOVATIONS: Transparent, lightweight, malleable
... With the technical advances in the production of large plates of glass from the beginnings of the 19th century to today, glass - composed of silicates and an alkali fused at high temperatures - has been one of the most widely used construction materials. The Crystal Palace, an exhibition hall built ...
... With the technical advances in the production of large plates of glass from the beginnings of the 19th century to today, glass - composed of silicates and an alkali fused at high temperatures - has been one of the most widely used construction materials. The Crystal Palace, an exhibition hall built ...
Assessment of Seismic Behavior of Light Steel Frames (LSF) with
... makes the force applied in the event of an earthquake is significantly lower than conventional buildings, so that in most cases effect of forces exerted by the wind more and determines the balance is due to the earthquake. In addition, low weight makes it a good choice for areas with low soil streng ...
... makes the force applied in the event of an earthquake is significantly lower than conventional buildings, so that in most cases effect of forces exerted by the wind more and determines the balance is due to the earthquake. In addition, low weight makes it a good choice for areas with low soil streng ...
butfem_5
... the three dimensional FEM having structural elements and NSCs (cladding, partition walls) and soil flexibility modeled in it as will be explained shortly. The following stages of FEM development to ascertain the influence of different structural elements, NSCs and SSI were considered: (a) bare fixed ...
... the three dimensional FEM having structural elements and NSCs (cladding, partition walls) and soil flexibility modeled in it as will be explained shortly. The following stages of FEM development to ascertain the influence of different structural elements, NSCs and SSI were considered: (a) bare fixed ...
designing structures in expansive clay
... have been recorded in the Las Colinas area northwest of Dallas. The pressures generated by swelling clay can be devastating to a foundation if not managed correctly. Despite all of the technical knowledge available to combat the problem, new construction continues to suffer damage. Structural distre ...
... have been recorded in the Las Colinas area northwest of Dallas. The pressures generated by swelling clay can be devastating to a foundation if not managed correctly. Despite all of the technical knowledge available to combat the problem, new construction continues to suffer damage. Structural distre ...
analysis of a potential collision of buildings during earthquake
... is the stiffness matrix of the whole structure, which in this case establishes a relation between the external load and unknown displacements u of the floor structures. In the case of usual buildings (less than 15 ÷ 20 stories) collision due to earthquake action is more dangerous reality considering ...
... is the stiffness matrix of the whole structure, which in this case establishes a relation between the external load and unknown displacements u of the floor structures. In the case of usual buildings (less than 15 ÷ 20 stories) collision due to earthquake action is more dangerous reality considering ...
Designing with Precast and Prestressed Concrete
... 3. Sprinklers. Automatic sprinklers are a desirable, active fire-suppression system and can help control fire spread. But they should not replace passive firesuppression systems that are designed to inherently protect a building without any mechanical activation required. Relying on active-suppress ...
... 3. Sprinklers. Automatic sprinklers are a desirable, active fire-suppression system and can help control fire spread. But they should not replace passive firesuppression systems that are designed to inherently protect a building without any mechanical activation required. Relying on active-suppress ...
Dynamic optimization for the wind-induced response of a tall building
... Generally, for buildings up to 10 stories, the gravity loading will dominate the lateral loading (Bryan S. & Alex C., 1991). Hence, the lateral loading can be resisted by sections which are chosen to be sufficient for gravity loading. As the number of stories increases, however, the lateral loading ...
... Generally, for buildings up to 10 stories, the gravity loading will dominate the lateral loading (Bryan S. & Alex C., 1991). Hence, the lateral loading can be resisted by sections which are chosen to be sufficient for gravity loading. As the number of stories increases, however, the lateral loading ...
Reinforced Concrete Structures
... have been integrated to improve one or more properties of the concrete. For many years, it has been utilized as an economical construction material in one form or another in buildings, bridges, and many other types of structures throughout the world. A large part of its worldwide appeal is that the ...
... have been integrated to improve one or more properties of the concrete. For many years, it has been utilized as an economical construction material in one form or another in buildings, bridges, and many other types of structures throughout the world. A large part of its worldwide appeal is that the ...
Unit 4 - Mahalakshmi Engineering College
... The dead load stress developed in the precast prestressed units can be minimized by propping them while casting the concrete in situ. This method of construction is termed as propped construction. 2. How to achieve compositeness between precast and cast in situ part and show the ...
... The dead load stress developed in the precast prestressed units can be minimized by propping them while casting the concrete in situ. This method of construction is termed as propped construction. 2. How to achieve compositeness between precast and cast in situ part and show the ...
History of structural engineering
The history of structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first engineer in history known by name. Pyramids were the most common major structures built by ancient civilizations because it is a structural form which is inherently stable and can be almost infinitely scaled (as opposed to most other structural forms, which cannot be linearly increased in size in proportion to increased loads).Another notable engineering feat from antiquity stiil in use today is the qanat water management system. Qanat technology developed in the time of the Medes, the predecessors of the Persian Empire (modern-day Iran which has the oldest and longest Qanat (older than 3000 years and longer than 71 km) that also spread to other cultures having had contact with the Persian.Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. No theory of structures existed and understanding of how structures stood up was extremely limited, and based almost entirely on empirical evidence of 'what had worked before'. Knowledge was retained by guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental.No record exists of the first calculations of the strength of structural members or the behaviour of structural material, but the profession of structural engineer only really took shape with the industrial revolution and the re-invention of concrete (see History of concrete). The physical sciences underlying structural engineering began to be understood in the Renaissance and have been developing ever since.