Lecture notes in PPT - Lakeside Institute of Theology
... appear to be common sense principles which apply to ethical decision making: principle of autonomy – people should be allowed to be self-determining. The principle of utility – maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The principle of justice – all people should be treated fairly and equally. The ...
... appear to be common sense principles which apply to ethical decision making: principle of autonomy – people should be allowed to be self-determining. The principle of utility – maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The principle of justice – all people should be treated fairly and equally. The ...
Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative
... • A good will is necessary to make sure that what Kant calls “gifts of fortune,” such as wealth and power, do not lead us astray as moral beings. • Even things which are thought to be “good in many respects,” such as “self-control and calm deliberation,” “have no intrinsic unconditional value, but a ...
... • A good will is necessary to make sure that what Kant calls “gifts of fortune,” such as wealth and power, do not lead us astray as moral beings. • Even things which are thought to be “good in many respects,” such as “self-control and calm deliberation,” “have no intrinsic unconditional value, but a ...
Ethics & Values
... • Laws reflect moral values of society • Nurses have ethical responsibility to be client advocates ...
... • Laws reflect moral values of society • Nurses have ethical responsibility to be client advocates ...
ETHICAL DIMENSION OF THE MANAGEMENT
... beginning of the business. However, it was not until the seventies of the twentieth century, that the public’s interest in the matter increased. According to him, the business ethics received in 1985 the status of an academic discipline, though still in the process of defining. According to Bebek4, ...
... beginning of the business. However, it was not until the seventies of the twentieth century, that the public’s interest in the matter increased. According to him, the business ethics received in 1985 the status of an academic discipline, though still in the process of defining. According to Bebek4, ...
Comparison of Ethical Theories
... There is no question that much of our behavior is influenced by our emotions and that, by and large, we have social feelings. Hedonism The pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain are major factors in life, and there are higher and lower pleasures. Egoism There is no question that people look o ...
... There is no question that much of our behavior is influenced by our emotions and that, by and large, we have social feelings. Hedonism The pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain are major factors in life, and there are higher and lower pleasures. Egoism There is no question that people look o ...
View as PDF
... Chua Tee: We do not have a course on the sole teaching of ethics per se. The teaching of ethics and moral development is part of the Educational Psychology course for all trainee teachers at the National Institute of Education, Singapore. Taking the cue from the Chan article, I can think of specific ...
... Chua Tee: We do not have a course on the sole teaching of ethics per se. The teaching of ethics and moral development is part of the Educational Psychology course for all trainee teachers at the National Institute of Education, Singapore. Taking the cue from the Chan article, I can think of specific ...
The Terrain of Ethics
... word science in its original sense means “knowledge.”) MORALITY is that domain of understanding that relates us to our world, and to other humans in our world. Moral behaviors are those actions that can be evaluated as good or right using reasoned, objective criteria. *The distinction is between the ...
... word science in its original sense means “knowledge.”) MORALITY is that domain of understanding that relates us to our world, and to other humans in our world. Moral behaviors are those actions that can be evaluated as good or right using reasoned, objective criteria. *The distinction is between the ...
Business ethics? I didn`t think there were any!
... organization’s ethical standards • One in five has noticed behaviour by their colleagues that violates the law or does not accord with expected ethical standards Institute of Business Ethics, Ethics at Work survey, 2005 ...
... organization’s ethical standards • One in five has noticed behaviour by their colleagues that violates the law or does not accord with expected ethical standards Institute of Business Ethics, Ethics at Work survey, 2005 ...
What Is Business Ethics?
... What facts have the greatest impact on the decision? Who could be affected by your decision? How? What would each person want you to do about the issue? ...
... What facts have the greatest impact on the decision? Who could be affected by your decision? How? What would each person want you to do about the issue? ...
Aristotle on Human Excellence
... doing so is likely to produce a greater balance of pleasure. This would permit a policy of punishing the innocent to avert a riot, to deter wrongdoers, etc. Utilitarians may respond by pointing out that, in fact, no society which falsely accuses innocent citizens will promote a greater balance of pl ...
... doing so is likely to produce a greater balance of pleasure. This would permit a policy of punishing the innocent to avert a riot, to deter wrongdoers, etc. Utilitarians may respond by pointing out that, in fact, no society which falsely accuses innocent citizens will promote a greater balance of pl ...
Kant`s Categorical Imperatives
... The categorical imperative promotes equality and is impartial Kant was radical in challenging the accepted social convention of the nineteenthqcentury which practised social discrimination. Morality, grounded in reason, is impartial and egalitarian ...
... The categorical imperative promotes equality and is impartial Kant was radical in challenging the accepted social convention of the nineteenthqcentury which practised social discrimination. Morality, grounded in reason, is impartial and egalitarian ...
CHAPTER 2 Utilitarian and Deontological Approaches to Criminal
... of the pleasure or pain. A minor inconvenience is much less important than a major trauma. We must also consider the duration of the pleasure or pain. For example, in the case of a rape, psychological scars may last a lifetime. Additionally, we must consider the long-term consequences of an action. ...
... of the pleasure or pain. A minor inconvenience is much less important than a major trauma. We must also consider the duration of the pleasure or pain. For example, in the case of a rape, psychological scars may last a lifetime. Additionally, we must consider the long-term consequences of an action. ...
Mill
... The good will is the only good thing in an ‘unqualified way” Acting from duty vs. acting in accord with duty Categorical vs. hypothetical imperatives Universalizability test for duty (four examples) ...
... The good will is the only good thing in an ‘unqualified way” Acting from duty vs. acting in accord with duty Categorical vs. hypothetical imperatives Universalizability test for duty (four examples) ...
NATURAL LAW, KANTIAN ETHICS
... Can you wish all people would obey the principle you act on? Would all rational people of good-will agree? Is it self contradictory? ‘Always accept and never give’ ...
... Can you wish all people would obey the principle you act on? Would all rational people of good-will agree? Is it self contradictory? ‘Always accept and never give’ ...
Why Do We Need Ethical Theories?
... 1. Deliberate over various policies from an impartial point of view to determine whether they meet the criteria for being ethical policies. A policy is ethical if it: a. does not cause any unnecessary harms to individual groups b. supports individual rights, the fulfilling of duties, etc. 2. Select ...
... 1. Deliberate over various policies from an impartial point of view to determine whether they meet the criteria for being ethical policies. A policy is ethical if it: a. does not cause any unnecessary harms to individual groups b. supports individual rights, the fulfilling of duties, etc. 2. Select ...
Moral Saints
... indicates that our moral theories must also make a better account of what is amoral. • The amoral is that in life that morality has nothing to say about one way or another. ...
... indicates that our moral theories must also make a better account of what is amoral. • The amoral is that in life that morality has nothing to say about one way or another. ...
File - onlyprogrammerz
... that are accepted by an individual or a social group. Ethics means the Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong The Philosophical (a belief accepted as authoritative by some group) study of Moral values and Rules to follow in our interactions and our actions that affect others ...
... that are accepted by an individual or a social group. Ethics means the Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong The Philosophical (a belief accepted as authoritative by some group) study of Moral values and Rules to follow in our interactions and our actions that affect others ...
Thinking Ethically: A Framework for Moral Decision Making
... 3) Which course of action treats everyone the same, except where there is a morally justifiable reason not to, and does not show favoritism or discrimination? 4) Which course of action advances the common good? 5) Which course of action develops moral virtues? These questions do not provide an autom ...
... 3) Which course of action treats everyone the same, except where there is a morally justifiable reason not to, and does not show favoritism or discrimination? 4) Which course of action advances the common good? 5) Which course of action develops moral virtues? These questions do not provide an autom ...
Ethical Dilemmas of Artificial Intelligence
... Even as scientists are working toward a new generation of artificial intelligence, the ethics and morals of such a thing are already being debated among those same scientists, philosophers and ethicists. Many questions arise when discussing the proposition of an artificially intelligent entity and s ...
... Even as scientists are working toward a new generation of artificial intelligence, the ethics and morals of such a thing are already being debated among those same scientists, philosophers and ethicists. Many questions arise when discussing the proposition of an artificially intelligent entity and s ...
Beginning to Understand Ethics In two or three brief, clear sentences
... Describe ethics as cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is viewed as all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context/ society. This means ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ are cultural specific. What is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in a ...
... Describe ethics as cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is viewed as all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context/ society. This means ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ are cultural specific. What is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in a ...
Humanist Discussion Group
... creatures".[2] The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group, or individual."[3] According to The Merriam-Webster Unabridged ...
... creatures".[2] The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group, or individual."[3] According to The Merriam-Webster Unabridged ...
What is Morality --
... If we can benefit someone, without harming someone else, we ought to do so. If we can prevent harm to someone, without harming someone else, we ought to do so. ...
... If we can benefit someone, without harming someone else, we ought to do so. If we can prevent harm to someone, without harming someone else, we ought to do so. ...
Kantian ethics
.jpg?width=300)
Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.