![Birth and growth of an atoll](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013010387_1-dad14a348127cc3ff8a3619665e592ec-300x300.png)
Birth and growth of an atoll
... youngest island in the chain (Ducie or Pitcairn) is situated at far too great a distance from the ridge to have been formed by it. In 1970 Morgan proposed the theory of hot spots and mantle plumes to explain how island chains were formed a long way from the ridges. He postulates that in certain part ...
... youngest island in the chain (Ducie or Pitcairn) is situated at far too great a distance from the ridge to have been formed by it. In 1970 Morgan proposed the theory of hot spots and mantle plumes to explain how island chains were formed a long way from the ridges. He postulates that in certain part ...
Marine Maldives – medicine cabinet of the 21st century? According
... worthy cause for the Maldives. I had a plan of how the lab would function, finance from private sources in place, and the backing as well as letters of support from leading research institutions in the field. However, I must admit that it was not all plain sailing for me. Following my brief presenta ...
... worthy cause for the Maldives. I had a plan of how the lab would function, finance from private sources in place, and the backing as well as letters of support from leading research institutions in the field. However, I must admit that it was not all plain sailing for me. Following my brief presenta ...
Changes in a Red Sea Coral Community Structure: A Long
... coral propagules existed in both. Theoretically, providing human activities had not had a harmful effect on the coral communities at the nature reserve, a similar rate of recolonization of corals could have been expected in both localities. Twenty-one transects (each 10 m long) were surveyed on the ...
... coral propagules existed in both. Theoretically, providing human activities had not had a harmful effect on the coral communities at the nature reserve, a similar rate of recolonization of corals could have been expected in both localities. Twenty-one transects (each 10 m long) were surveyed on the ...
1015 Johansson C
... Non-fish herbivores (sea urchins) 2. Evaluate the extent to which herbivorous fish and urchins are likely to control macroalgae ...
... Non-fish herbivores (sea urchins) 2. Evaluate the extent to which herbivorous fish and urchins are likely to control macroalgae ...
Dominican Republic - Centro de Biodiversidad Marina
... and borders two oceans, the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. This creates unique conditions since two different biogeographic provinces are found in one locality. On its southernmost area the reef becomes more distinct from its northern portion, which faces the Atlantic Ocean. The MPA Parque Na ...
... and borders two oceans, the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. This creates unique conditions since two different biogeographic provinces are found in one locality. On its southernmost area the reef becomes more distinct from its northern portion, which faces the Atlantic Ocean. The MPA Parque Na ...
Strengthening the measures to protect coral reefs in the
... and consequently also a little bit from algae, while the coral aquaculture solution is a viable way of replacing coral already lost and combating coral losses to an extent. However, neither option tackles the crucial issue of coral destruction due to climate change and the adverse effects brought on ...
... and consequently also a little bit from algae, while the coral aquaculture solution is a viable way of replacing coral already lost and combating coral losses to an extent. However, neither option tackles the crucial issue of coral destruction due to climate change and the adverse effects brought on ...
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT OF MARINE
... (December to March), however, it is reversed, countered by the southward flowing Somali current. Around Malindi, the two currents meet and flow out to the sea. Fringing reefs are well developed in Southern Kenya. However, to the North, where there are large areas of loose sediment and significant la ...
... (December to March), however, it is reversed, countered by the southward flowing Somali current. Around Malindi, the two currents meet and flow out to the sea. Fringing reefs are well developed in Southern Kenya. However, to the North, where there are large areas of loose sediment and significant la ...
marine food webs - Ann Arbor Earth Science
... producers are called autotrophs (meaning self-feeders) because they manufacture the food they need from the physical and chemical environment through photosynthesis (and chemosynthesis). Organisms (usually animals) that feed on autotrophs are called consumers or heterotrophs (meaning other-feeders). ...
... producers are called autotrophs (meaning self-feeders) because they manufacture the food they need from the physical and chemical environment through photosynthesis (and chemosynthesis). Organisms (usually animals) that feed on autotrophs are called consumers or heterotrophs (meaning other-feeders). ...
ICRS2012_9A_6 - 12th International Coral Reef Symposium
... industries, seepage, terrestrial runoff containing pollutants such as herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers, coastal erosion and sedimentation. The reefs are also regularly impacted by cyclones, and there is good evidence that the lagoon patch reefs seasonally exhibit partial bleaching during the s ...
... industries, seepage, terrestrial runoff containing pollutants such as herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers, coastal erosion and sedimentation. The reefs are also regularly impacted by cyclones, and there is good evidence that the lagoon patch reefs seasonally exhibit partial bleaching during the s ...
Coral reef fish and benthic community structure of Bonaire and
... The PCA revealed that over 60% of the variability in the nine fish and benthic functional groups was described with only two dimensions (Fig. 3). The vector loadings of the PCA suggest that the variability of coral cover and apex predator biomass are predominantly orthogonal to variability of turf c ...
... The PCA revealed that over 60% of the variability in the nine fish and benthic functional groups was described with only two dimensions (Fig. 3). The vector loadings of the PCA suggest that the variability of coral cover and apex predator biomass are predominantly orthogonal to variability of turf c ...
Polyp
... – clearly more than one species – at least 16 different algal taxa – zooxanthellae found in closely related coral species not necessarily closely related themselves – zooxanthellae found in distantly related coral species may, in fact, be closely related – may have multiple species in same coral ...
... – clearly more than one species – at least 16 different algal taxa – zooxanthellae found in closely related coral species not necessarily closely related themselves – zooxanthellae found in distantly related coral species may, in fact, be closely related – may have multiple species in same coral ...
Deep Water Corals - Department of Geology UPRM
... Florida's Oculina Banks, once teeming with commercially important fish, now appear to be severely depleted of fish stocks (MPA, 2002). Much of the Oculina coral has been reduced to rubble, probably the result of a combination of destructive bottom trawling and natural causes like bioerosion and epis ...
... Florida's Oculina Banks, once teeming with commercially important fish, now appear to be severely depleted of fish stocks (MPA, 2002). Much of the Oculina coral has been reduced to rubble, probably the result of a combination of destructive bottom trawling and natural causes like bioerosion and epis ...
Impacts of Global Change on Ocean Ecosystems
... Boxes joined by red arrows denote that the first factor has a negative (decreasing) influence on the box indicated. Green arrows denote positive (increasing) relationships. Over time, the levels of factors in hexagonal boxes will increase, whereas those in rectangular boxes will decline. Boxes with ...
... Boxes joined by red arrows denote that the first factor has a negative (decreasing) influence on the box indicated. Green arrows denote positive (increasing) relationships. Over time, the levels of factors in hexagonal boxes will increase, whereas those in rectangular boxes will decline. Boxes with ...
Marine Ecosystems
... Mangrove ecosystems are comprised of salt-tolerant, woody mangrove trees and shrubs. They are located in shallow, low-oxygen sandy or muddy areas along shorelines. There are over 80 different species of mangrove trees throughout the tropical and subtropical zones of North and South America, Africa, ...
... Mangrove ecosystems are comprised of salt-tolerant, woody mangrove trees and shrubs. They are located in shallow, low-oxygen sandy or muddy areas along shorelines. There are over 80 different species of mangrove trees throughout the tropical and subtropical zones of North and South America, Africa, ...
Improved water quality can ameliorate effects of climate change on
... occurs when a significant proportion of the zooxanthellae compliment is expelled from the coral animal (Brown 1997). Prolonged bleaching can be fatal to the coral host, and can devastate entire reef-scapes over vast areas of ocean (see, e.g., Sheppard 2003). The primary triggering condition for large ...
... occurs when a significant proportion of the zooxanthellae compliment is expelled from the coral animal (Brown 1997). Prolonged bleaching can be fatal to the coral host, and can devastate entire reef-scapes over vast areas of ocean (see, e.g., Sheppard 2003). The primary triggering condition for large ...
Marine Ecosystems - National Geographic
... Salt Marshes and Mudflats are low, wet, muddy areas that lie at the interface between the land and sea. They are either periodically or continuously saturated by salt water. This requires the organisms in this ecosystem to adjust to changes in water depth, salinity, and temperature. Salt marshes are ...
... Salt Marshes and Mudflats are low, wet, muddy areas that lie at the interface between the land and sea. They are either periodically or continuously saturated by salt water. This requires the organisms in this ecosystem to adjust to changes in water depth, salinity, and temperature. Salt marshes are ...
deep-water reefs off the southeastern us: recent discoveries and
... Gulf of Mexico Lophelia Reefs: Three regions are known in the eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico that have fairly extensive areas of Lophelia reefs. The southwest Florida Lithoherm Site occurs on the southwestern Florida shelf slope and consists of dozens, or possibly hundreds, of 5 to 15 m tall li ...
... Gulf of Mexico Lophelia Reefs: Three regions are known in the eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico that have fairly extensive areas of Lophelia reefs. The southwest Florida Lithoherm Site occurs on the southwestern Florida shelf slope and consists of dozens, or possibly hundreds, of 5 to 15 m tall li ...
Session 3 Summary: Coral Holobionts, Black Band Disease and
... produce H2S, a toxic acid which breaks down coral, killing it 6. 6th, the breakdown of the coral releases nitrogen and phosphorus which are used by the cyanobacteria 7. 7th, another bacteria called Vegetoa uses H2S as an e- donor which detoxifies it and prevents the cyanobacteria from being killed o ...
... produce H2S, a toxic acid which breaks down coral, killing it 6. 6th, the breakdown of the coral releases nitrogen and phosphorus which are used by the cyanobacteria 7. 7th, another bacteria called Vegetoa uses H2S as an e- donor which detoxifies it and prevents the cyanobacteria from being killed o ...
Conditions differ away from shore.
... surprise. On the deep-ocean floor they found thriving communities of crabs, fish, mussels, shrimp, giant clams, and tubeworms. These animals live near openings in Earth’s crust called hydrothermal vents . Cold ocean water that seeps into cracks in the ocean floor gets heated deep underground by hot ...
... surprise. On the deep-ocean floor they found thriving communities of crabs, fish, mussels, shrimp, giant clams, and tubeworms. These animals live near openings in Earth’s crust called hydrothermal vents . Cold ocean water that seeps into cracks in the ocean floor gets heated deep underground by hot ...
the project description here
... biodiversity relationships in the core region and with peripheral areas of the WIO. This will comprise: • a desktop review including large scale modes of climate variability such as ENSO and the Subtropical and Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole Modes, and satellite observation data for validating modelin ...
... biodiversity relationships in the core region and with peripheral areas of the WIO. This will comprise: • a desktop review including large scale modes of climate variability such as ENSO and the Subtropical and Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole Modes, and satellite observation data for validating modelin ...
Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea.XVIII. A
... reefs are a series of large areas covered with a n intricate network of reefs and shoals with comparatively deep lagoons between. We see from our examination of Rawaya how many of thess deeper passages have arisen. Imagine Rawaya a t a level say ten feet lower. The greater part of the land remaining ...
... reefs are a series of large areas covered with a n intricate network of reefs and shoals with comparatively deep lagoons between. We see from our examination of Rawaya how many of thess deeper passages have arisen. Imagine Rawaya a t a level say ten feet lower. The greater part of the land remaining ...
A tipping point that may limit reef recovery
... (fig. S1). Our non-MPA reefs have higher seaweed and lower coral cover than many nonprotected reefs, but some unprotected reefs in the Caribbean (5), Red Sea (17), and Indian Ocean (18) are similar in seaweed and coral cover, and numerous reefs are trending toward the conditions on our non-MPA reefs ...
... (fig. S1). Our non-MPA reefs have higher seaweed and lower coral cover than many nonprotected reefs, but some unprotected reefs in the Caribbean (5), Red Sea (17), and Indian Ocean (18) are similar in seaweed and coral cover, and numerous reefs are trending toward the conditions on our non-MPA reefs ...
A deep nursery for juveniles of the zebra angelfish
... deep reefs and although they are not common above 20 m (Randall 1975), G. caudovittatus, G. lamarck and G. semicinctus occasionally occur at 10 m depth. The zooplanktivorous G. caudovittatus is reported to reach depths of 60–70 m (Khalaf and Disi 1997; Allen et al. 1998; Froese and Pauly 2006), yet ...
... deep reefs and although they are not common above 20 m (Randall 1975), G. caudovittatus, G. lamarck and G. semicinctus occasionally occur at 10 m depth. The zooplanktivorous G. caudovittatus is reported to reach depths of 60–70 m (Khalaf and Disi 1997; Allen et al. 1998; Froese and Pauly 2006), yet ...
Espana Article - International Journal of Philippine Science and
... rest of the 14 stations had moderate resilience (see Fig. 1). High resilience is attributed to high coral cover, abundance of bleaching resistant corals such as Fungia spp. (e.g., station 12), close proximity to deeper, cooler water (e.g., station 18) where nutrient levels are low and benthic qualit ...
... rest of the 14 stations had moderate resilience (see Fig. 1). High resilience is attributed to high coral cover, abundance of bleaching resistant corals such as Fungia spp. (e.g., station 12), close proximity to deeper, cooler water (e.g., station 18) where nutrient levels are low and benthic qualit ...
Wider Caribbean Region Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
... forereef habitats at depths ranging from 8-15 m. Importantly, this constraint disallows contribution of data from backreefs, lagoons, and deep reef habitats. However, if GCRMN partners have local interests in monitoring these (or other) coral reef habitats in their region, they are encouraged to app ...
... forereef habitats at depths ranging from 8-15 m. Importantly, this constraint disallows contribution of data from backreefs, lagoons, and deep reef habitats. However, if GCRMN partners have local interests in monitoring these (or other) coral reef habitats in their region, they are encouraged to app ...
Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish. Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral polyps. Reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters.Often called ""rainforests of the sea"", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians. Paradoxically, coral reefs flourish even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that provide few nutrients. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water corals also exist on smaller scales in other areas.Coral reefs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection. The annual global economic value of coral reefs is estimated between US$29.8-375 billion. However, coral reefs are fragile ecosystems, partly because they are very sensitive to water temperature. They are under threat from climate change, oceanic acidification, blast fishing, cyanide fishing for aquarium fish, sunscreen use, overuse of reef resources, and harmful land-use practices, including urban and agricultural runoff and water pollution, which can harm reefs by encouraging excess algal growth.