GENES, ENVIRONMENTS, AND CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGICAL
... Terms like ‘inheritance’, ‘inherited’ and ‘heritable’ (or their cognates) were adopted to talk about biological phenomena only much later. The first occurrences of such usage are in the sixteenth century. At the beginning, it was just a clever metaphor. Inheritance words had been used for a long tim ...
... Terms like ‘inheritance’, ‘inherited’ and ‘heritable’ (or their cognates) were adopted to talk about biological phenomena only much later. The first occurrences of such usage are in the sixteenth century. At the beginning, it was just a clever metaphor. Inheritance words had been used for a long tim ...
Introduction to Genetic Algorithms
... then exchanges chromosome parts after that point. • After crossover, two new offspring are created. • If a pair of chromosomes does not cross over, then chromosome cloning takes place, and the offspring are created as exact copies of each parent. ...
... then exchanges chromosome parts after that point. • After crossover, two new offspring are created. • If a pair of chromosomes does not cross over, then chromosome cloning takes place, and the offspring are created as exact copies of each parent. ...
HAMILTON`S FORCES OF NATURAL SELECTION AFTER FORTY
... Pletcher and Curtsinger 2000). This lifelong variation may be genetic or environmental in origin. These theories are called lifelong heterogeneity models because the differences in A and should be sustained from the start of adult life to its end. Mortality plateaus were observed in highly inbred ...
... Pletcher and Curtsinger 2000). This lifelong variation may be genetic or environmental in origin. These theories are called lifelong heterogeneity models because the differences in A and should be sustained from the start of adult life to its end. Mortality plateaus were observed in highly inbred ...
Social Disorganization Theory
... “organized” when there high levels of involvement across age-levels in activities coordinated by representatives of communal institutions (e.g. family-heads, pastors, school organizations and local officials). Such organized interaction is presumed to be closely and reciprocally associated with the ...
... “organized” when there high levels of involvement across age-levels in activities coordinated by representatives of communal institutions (e.g. family-heads, pastors, school organizations and local officials). Such organized interaction is presumed to be closely and reciprocally associated with the ...
Cognitive Anthropology - Penn Arts and Sciences
... “The laws of conscience, which we pretend to be derived from nature, proceed from custom; every one, having an inward veneration for the opinions and manners approved and received among his own people, cannot, without very great reluctance, depart from them, nor apply himself to them without applaus ...
... “The laws of conscience, which we pretend to be derived from nature, proceed from custom; every one, having an inward veneration for the opinions and manners approved and received among his own people, cannot, without very great reluctance, depart from them, nor apply himself to them without applaus ...
Lesson 1.1: Fitness for Life
... Cardiovascular Fitness Guidelines Fitness Guidelines • Aerobic exercise on a regular basis (3-5 times per week, heart rate in the target zone, for 20 min or more) should provide you with a good level of fitness. • Fitness standards identified with different physical fitness test can help you see wh ...
... Cardiovascular Fitness Guidelines Fitness Guidelines • Aerobic exercise on a regular basis (3-5 times per week, heart rate in the target zone, for 20 min or more) should provide you with a good level of fitness. • Fitness standards identified with different physical fitness test can help you see wh ...
View/Open
... widespread hunter-gatherer qualities with similar behavior displayed by some of the non-human ...
... widespread hunter-gatherer qualities with similar behavior displayed by some of the non-human ...
Two Ways of Thinking about Fitness and Natural Selection
... Elliott Sober4 is the author of one influential suggestion about how the theory of evolution accommodates natural selection alongside drift, developmental constraints, architectural constraints, and other such determinants of evolutionary change. He proposes that we should think of the theory of evo ...
... Elliott Sober4 is the author of one influential suggestion about how the theory of evolution accommodates natural selection alongside drift, developmental constraints, architectural constraints, and other such determinants of evolutionary change. He proposes that we should think of the theory of evo ...
Chapter 10 - Semantic Scholar
... attention is focused on tradeoffs that take one of three forms: (1) costs of functional traits, such as defense against enemies; (2) life-history tradeoffs within environments; and (3) adaptation to alternative environments (including the evolution of specialization, niche breadth, and range limits. ...
... attention is focused on tradeoffs that take one of three forms: (1) costs of functional traits, such as defense against enemies; (2) life-history tradeoffs within environments; and (3) adaptation to alternative environments (including the evolution of specialization, niche breadth, and range limits. ...
Lecture 18 evo wrap up Behaviorism and Learning
... • After Skinner, focus shifted from the behavioral output of reward (dog sitting) to what goes on between the environmental trigger (bell) and reward (steak) • Social Learning 1. Observe behaviors of others being rewarded 2. Use your MIND to connect the two 3. Decide to behave similarly ...
... • After Skinner, focus shifted from the behavioral output of reward (dog sitting) to what goes on between the environmental trigger (bell) and reward (steak) • Social Learning 1. Observe behaviors of others being rewarded 2. Use your MIND to connect the two 3. Decide to behave similarly ...
Appendix 1 A History of Theories in Anthropology
... Boas and his many influential followers, who studied with him at Columbia University in New York City, took issue with Morgan on many counts. They disputed the criteria he used to define his stages. They disputed the idea of one evolutionary path. They argued that the same cultural result, for examp ...
... Boas and his many influential followers, who studied with him at Columbia University in New York City, took issue with Morgan on many counts. They disputed the criteria he used to define his stages. They disputed the idea of one evolutionary path. They argued that the same cultural result, for examp ...
Tolman Versus Hull
... Like Watson, Skinner wanted not only to describe and predict behaviour, he also wanted to control it – Control was the ultimate test – Prediction alone not enough • Correlation between two variables may actually be the result of a third variable • E.g. high correlation between children’s toe size an ...
... Like Watson, Skinner wanted not only to describe and predict behaviour, he also wanted to control it – Control was the ultimate test – Prediction alone not enough • Correlation between two variables may actually be the result of a third variable • E.g. high correlation between children’s toe size an ...
The Concept of Kinship
... physical kinship. But the original statements meant far more than this, and in any case, this degenerate statement, to the effect that social relationships are described by participants in terms borrowed from physical kinship, would be highly suspect: for the ethnographer has to decide how he transl ...
... physical kinship. But the original statements meant far more than this, and in any case, this degenerate statement, to the effect that social relationships are described by participants in terms borrowed from physical kinship, would be highly suspect: for the ethnographer has to decide how he transl ...
Intergenerational Decision Making: An Evolutionary Perspective
... number will starve to death. In the long run, however, their descendants will domesticate the horse and other large mammals and develop civilizations better able to resist or absorb the coming European invasion. If, on the other hand, you impose no hunting limits, your people will be substantially b ...
... number will starve to death. In the long run, however, their descendants will domesticate the horse and other large mammals and develop civilizations better able to resist or absorb the coming European invasion. If, on the other hand, you impose no hunting limits, your people will be substantially b ...
Evolutionary Synthesis in the Social Sciences and
... offspring resemble their parents more than a randomly chosen organism. Combined, these principles form Darwin’s theory of evolution: characteristics that allow an organism to better survive and/or reproduce will be more likely to get passed on to offspring, and these characteristics will increase in ...
... offspring resemble their parents more than a randomly chosen organism. Combined, these principles form Darwin’s theory of evolution: characteristics that allow an organism to better survive and/or reproduce will be more likely to get passed on to offspring, and these characteristics will increase in ...
A general model of the relation between phenotypic selection and
... natural selection is often seen as the result of (i) heritable phenotypic variation and (ii) consistent fitness differences between phenotypes (Endler, 1986). This ‘phenotypic approach’ is summarized in the familiar quantitative genetic formula R = h2S, with R the response to selection, h2 the herit ...
... natural selection is often seen as the result of (i) heritable phenotypic variation and (ii) consistent fitness differences between phenotypes (Endler, 1986). This ‘phenotypic approach’ is summarized in the familiar quantitative genetic formula R = h2S, with R the response to selection, h2 the herit ...
The Early Prehistory of Human Social Behaviour: Issues of
... exemplified in the phenomena of anthropomorphism and totemism, both being pervasive among hunter-gatherers (Willis 1990), as is particularly evident from their art (Morphy 1989). While chimpanzees may be proficient at attributing thoughts and desires to other individuals (Byrne 1995), it is highly d ...
... exemplified in the phenomena of anthropomorphism and totemism, both being pervasive among hunter-gatherers (Willis 1990), as is particularly evident from their art (Morphy 1989). While chimpanzees may be proficient at attributing thoughts and desires to other individuals (Byrne 1995), it is highly d ...
Н - Sociostudies.org
... frameworks. The work of the Marshall family, as well as of Tanaka, Lee, and in some respects Silberbauer, was typical of this period (see, e.g., Tanaka 1980). A second phase (beginning in 1970s and continuing) has involved the development of structural models, both for the understanding of particula ...
... frameworks. The work of the Marshall family, as well as of Tanaka, Lee, and in some respects Silberbauer, was typical of this period (see, e.g., Tanaka 1980). A second phase (beginning in 1970s and continuing) has involved the development of structural models, both for the understanding of particula ...
Exemplar A
... At Merit the standard requires the student to demonstrate in-depth understanding using biological ideas to explain how humans manipulate genetic transfer (EN 3) and the biological implications of these manipulations (EN 2). The student provides evidence of in-depth understanding of biological ideas ...
... At Merit the standard requires the student to demonstrate in-depth understanding using biological ideas to explain how humans manipulate genetic transfer (EN 3) and the biological implications of these manipulations (EN 2). The student provides evidence of in-depth understanding of biological ideas ...
Network Centric Warfare as Complex Optimization: An - UNI-NKE
... seen as a process that rests on adaptation and mutation. These two processes are also central to network centric warfare as it is imperative in military operations to offset changing conditions coming both from the environment and the interaction with the enemy. Thus Wright’s approach has much to sa ...
... seen as a process that rests on adaptation and mutation. These two processes are also central to network centric warfare as it is imperative in military operations to offset changing conditions coming both from the environment and the interaction with the enemy. Thus Wright’s approach has much to sa ...
Eugenic
... consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The natural genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others in their current environment. The Descent of Man ...
... consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The natural genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others in their current environment. The Descent of Man ...
Being and Knowledge: On Some Liabilities of Reed`s Interpretivism*
... the implications of what even theorists like Judith Butler [1993] acknowledge as irrefutable facts of life. Reed himself admits in passing that ‘our most fundamental experiences of cause derive from our ability to manipulate physical objects’ [2011: 141]. However, the book gives no indication that h ...
... the implications of what even theorists like Judith Butler [1993] acknowledge as irrefutable facts of life. Reed himself admits in passing that ‘our most fundamental experiences of cause derive from our ability to manipulate physical objects’ [2011: 141]. However, the book gives no indication that h ...
dos and don`ts of testing the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution
... matching is not expected. For example, trait values should continually increase when "bigger is better" in the absence of fitness trade-offs (i.e. costs) and thus ...
... matching is not expected. For example, trait values should continually increase when "bigger is better" in the absence of fitness trade-offs (i.e. costs) and thus ...
Social Darwinism - Research
... state of nature seems analogous to the competition for natural resources described by Darwin. Social Darwinism is distinct from other theories of social change because of the way it draws Darwin's distinctive ideas from the field of biology into social studies. Darwin, unlike Hobbes, believed that t ...
... state of nature seems analogous to the competition for natural resources described by Darwin. Social Darwinism is distinct from other theories of social change because of the way it draws Darwin's distinctive ideas from the field of biology into social studies. Darwin, unlike Hobbes, believed that t ...