Balancing the Global Carbon Budget
... century or so (see Sundquist & Visser 2004 for a recent review of the carbon cycle over longer time frames). 2.1.1. The atmosphere. In 2005 the globally averaged concentration of CO2 was nearly 0.0380%, or 380 ppmv (parts per million by volume), equivalent to approximately 805 PgC (1 Pg = 1 petagram ...
... century or so (see Sundquist & Visser 2004 for a recent review of the carbon cycle over longer time frames). 2.1.1. The atmosphere. In 2005 the globally averaged concentration of CO2 was nearly 0.0380%, or 380 ppmv (parts per million by volume), equivalent to approximately 805 PgC (1 Pg = 1 petagram ...
Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 associated with
... effect of temperature through the alleviation of temperature limitations to growth in colder regions, and the extension of the growing season, observable as an increase in vegetation cover in satellite observations. A global greening of the Earth’s surface has been reported in satellite observations ...
... effect of temperature through the alleviation of temperature limitations to growth in colder regions, and the extension of the growing season, observable as an increase in vegetation cover in satellite observations. A global greening of the Earth’s surface has been reported in satellite observations ...
Climate and Carbon Cycle
... mainly, from sea water and volcanic eruptions; Andreae 2007). Paleoclimatic reconstructions indicate the volcanic eruptions as the main cause of the climate transformations in the Earth’s past (Robock 2000; Gao et al. 2008). Climate is also determined by the atmosphere composition. To this end the g ...
... mainly, from sea water and volcanic eruptions; Andreae 2007). Paleoclimatic reconstructions indicate the volcanic eruptions as the main cause of the climate transformations in the Earth’s past (Robock 2000; Gao et al. 2008). Climate is also determined by the atmosphere composition. To this end the g ...
The Positive Externalities of Carbon Dioxide
... crop yields and increased global food production. And with the ever-burgeoning population of the planet, the increase in food production was a welcomed societal benefit. But what remained largely unknown to society at that time, was the birth of an ancillary aid to agriculture that would confer grea ...
... crop yields and increased global food production. And with the ever-burgeoning population of the planet, the increase in food production was a welcomed societal benefit. But what remained largely unknown to society at that time, was the birth of an ancillary aid to agriculture that would confer grea ...
A simple carbon cycle representation for
... Many simple IAMs use a linearized representation of ocean carbon uptake (for review, see Hof et al, 2012; van Vuuren et al, 2011), but linearized representations cannot fully reproduce the ocean response to increased atmospheric CO2 : rapid initial uptake followed by a slow ‘long-tail’ equilibration ...
... Many simple IAMs use a linearized representation of ocean carbon uptake (for review, see Hof et al, 2012; van Vuuren et al, 2011), but linearized representations cannot fully reproduce the ocean response to increased atmospheric CO2 : rapid initial uptake followed by a slow ‘long-tail’ equilibration ...
An estimate of equilibrium sensitivity of global terrestrial carbon
... response of the terrestrial biosphere using comprehensive global models. Good et al. (2011) investigated the equilibrium response of tropical forest to climate and CO2 using the Hadley Center coupled climate and carbon cycle model. Using the same model Jones et al. (2009, 2010) investigated the long ...
... response of the terrestrial biosphere using comprehensive global models. Good et al. (2011) investigated the equilibrium response of tropical forest to climate and CO2 using the Hadley Center coupled climate and carbon cycle model. Using the same model Jones et al. (2009, 2010) investigated the long ...
Effects of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Insect
... and the cumulative effects on parasitic and predatory insects. ...
... and the cumulative effects on parasitic and predatory insects. ...
Class #1: Introduction, Energy
... – Carbon dioxide has risen in recent years and is an important greenhouse gas. – Other greenhouse gases exist beyond carbon dioxide. ...
... – Carbon dioxide has risen in recent years and is an important greenhouse gas. – Other greenhouse gases exist beyond carbon dioxide. ...
The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century
... Sarmiento et al. 1998; Joos et al. 1999; Matear and Hirst 1999). Similar feedbacks occur on land. For example, rising temperatures lead to higher soil respiration rates, which lead to greater releases of carbon to the atmosphere (e.g., Cox et al. 2000; Friedlingstein et al. 2003). Human actions can ...
... Sarmiento et al. 1998; Joos et al. 1999; Matear and Hirst 1999). Similar feedbacks occur on land. For example, rising temperatures lead to higher soil respiration rates, which lead to greater releases of carbon to the atmosphere (e.g., Cox et al. 2000; Friedlingstein et al. 2003). Human actions can ...
Role of volcanic forcing on future global carbon cycle
... 2010). This change in trends and variability could, in turn, further implicate and contribute to the uncertainties of the climate carbon cycle feedbacks, which is suggested to be an important element for the future model projections (Meehl et al., 2007). For the reasons mentioned above, it is theref ...
... 2010). This change in trends and variability could, in turn, further implicate and contribute to the uncertainties of the climate carbon cycle feedbacks, which is suggested to be an important element for the future model projections (Meehl et al., 2007). For the reasons mentioned above, it is theref ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... carbon’s versatility in bonding to itself and other atoms, there are far more carbon compounds than compounds based on any other element; millions have been described and an almost infinite variety are theoretically possible. Carbon is an important component of all major Earth systems (Figure Carbon ...
... carbon’s versatility in bonding to itself and other atoms, there are far more carbon compounds than compounds based on any other element; millions have been described and an almost infinite variety are theoretically possible. Carbon is an important component of all major Earth systems (Figure Carbon ...
Ventilation impact of outdoor CO2 concentration increase
... Change of atmospheric CO2 level also produces an effect on energy loads of buildings. KEYWORDS CO2 concentration, ventilation impact, indoor air quality, building energy 1 INTRODUCTION Recently concentration of greenhouse gases have been increased. According to the IPCC report 2014, the observed con ...
... Change of atmospheric CO2 level also produces an effect on energy loads of buildings. KEYWORDS CO2 concentration, ventilation impact, indoor air quality, building energy 1 INTRODUCTION Recently concentration of greenhouse gases have been increased. According to the IPCC report 2014, the observed con ...
oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time
... tends to increase the average temperature of the planet, and as a consequence of increased evaporation, global rainfall rates also increase. The combination of higher temperatures and more rainfall creates more favorable conditions for the weathering of rocks exposed on the land surface. The direct ...
... tends to increase the average temperature of the planet, and as a consequence of increased evaporation, global rainfall rates also increase. The combination of higher temperatures and more rainfall creates more favorable conditions for the weathering of rocks exposed on the land surface. The direct ...
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes
... in soil carbon and litter mass HS (Fig. 1f) is small relative to changes in vegetation biomass HV . The simulated uptake of atmospheric carbon over land is primarily the result of an increase in vegetation biomass. Figure 2 displays the airborne fraction (8A ) of cumulative anthropogenic fossil and ...
... in soil carbon and litter mass HS (Fig. 1f) is small relative to changes in vegetation biomass HV . The simulated uptake of atmospheric carbon over land is primarily the result of an increase in vegetation biomass. Figure 2 displays the airborne fraction (8A ) of cumulative anthropogenic fossil and ...
Global Climate Change - Railway Tie Association
... As the world looks for ways to keep carbon dioxide (CO2) – the greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels – out of our atmosphere, science tells us managed forests will play a key role. Trees are the most powerful concentrators of carbon on Earth. Through photosynthesis, they absorb CO2 from th ...
... As the world looks for ways to keep carbon dioxide (CO2) – the greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels – out of our atmosphere, science tells us managed forests will play a key role. Trees are the most powerful concentrators of carbon on Earth. Through photosynthesis, they absorb CO2 from th ...
Climate change during the last 150 million years: reconstruction
... both the past 100 Ma [3,4,9,15,16] and the Phanerozoic [5–7]. This indicates a significant role of the carbon cycle on the long-term climate change. The middle to Late Cretaceous is known to have been one of the warmest periods during the Phanerozoic: the average global temperature was probably >6ºC ...
... both the past 100 Ma [3,4,9,15,16] and the Phanerozoic [5–7]. This indicates a significant role of the carbon cycle on the long-term climate change. The middle to Late Cretaceous is known to have been one of the warmest periods during the Phanerozoic: the average global temperature was probably >6ºC ...
Combining effects of ozone and carbon dioxide application on
... situation has not been improved enough in term of emission reduction; particularly form the industrial base countries and new developing countries. In contrast, there was a report from IPCC (Meehl et al., 2007) that predicted the carbon dioxide emission in 2050 would change to be 470 - 570 and climb ...
... situation has not been improved enough in term of emission reduction; particularly form the industrial base countries and new developing countries. In contrast, there was a report from IPCC (Meehl et al., 2007) that predicted the carbon dioxide emission in 2050 would change to be 470 - 570 and climb ...
Response of Trees to CO2 Increase
... incremental wood production over the last several years of the experiment. When summed over the duration of the experiment, there was an overall enhancement of 70 % of total biomass production. Much of the enhancement came from greater numbers of fruits produced, with no change in fruit size. Thicke ...
... incremental wood production over the last several years of the experiment. When summed over the duration of the experiment, there was an overall enhancement of 70 % of total biomass production. Much of the enhancement came from greater numbers of fruits produced, with no change in fruit size. Thicke ...
Air and water - Delivery guide
... The quality of our air and water is a major world concern. Chemists monitor our air and water, and work to minimise the impact of human activities on their quality. In section C1.1, the context of changes in the Earth’s atmosphere is used to explore the particle model and its limitations when explai ...
... The quality of our air and water is a major world concern. Chemists monitor our air and water, and work to minimise the impact of human activities on their quality. In section C1.1, the context of changes in the Earth’s atmosphere is used to explore the particle model and its limitations when explai ...
04_3eTIF
... 1) What is bioremediation? How can it help with environmental problems? Give examples and list some advantages and disadvantages to its use. Answer: Bioremediation is a process in which organisms are used to metabolize toxins to remove them from the environment. In this process, the natural processe ...
... 1) What is bioremediation? How can it help with environmental problems? Give examples and list some advantages and disadvantages to its use. Answer: Bioremediation is a process in which organisms are used to metabolize toxins to remove them from the environment. In this process, the natural processe ...
Carbon on the Move
... carbon reside in each pool, and the carbon moves at different rates among the pools. Some of these processes occur very quickly, while others can take hundreds to thousands of years. For example, some carbon atoms may cycle daily through plant photosynthesis and respiration, while other atoms may be ...
... carbon reside in each pool, and the carbon moves at different rates among the pools. Some of these processes occur very quickly, while others can take hundreds to thousands of years. For example, some carbon atoms may cycle daily through plant photosynthesis and respiration, while other atoms may be ...
chapter
... The diagram below shows the trends in the temperature of North America during the last 200,000 years, as estimated by scientists. What is the total number of major glacial periods that have occurred in North America in the last ...
... The diagram below shows the trends in the temperature of North America during the last 200,000 years, as estimated by scientists. What is the total number of major glacial periods that have occurred in North America in the last ...
The effects of buffer and temperature feedback on the
... atmospheric CO2 concentration. The buffer feedback would result in an increase of 95 ppm in the atmospheric CO2 concentration and a decrease of 236 GtC absorbed by the oceans from the atmosphere between year 2000 and 2100 under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario IS92e. By ...
... atmospheric CO2 concentration. The buffer feedback would result in an increase of 95 ppm in the atmospheric CO2 concentration and a decrease of 236 GtC absorbed by the oceans from the atmosphere between year 2000 and 2100 under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario IS92e. By ...
Reforestation: Impact on Climate
... largest storehouse of carbon after the oceans. When forests are destroyed by activities such as logging and land conversion for agriculture, they release large quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which can increase temperatures. 5. Share the Meet the Scientis ...
... largest storehouse of carbon after the oceans. When forests are destroyed by activities such as logging and land conversion for agriculture, they release large quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which can increase temperatures. 5. Share the Meet the Scientis ...
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.04% (400 parts per million) of the atmosphere. Despite its relatively small concentration, CO2 is a potent greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect. Reconstructions show that concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have varied, ranging from as high as 7,000 parts per million during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 parts per million during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years.Carbon dioxide is an integral part of the carbon cycle, a biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the Earth's oceans, soil, rocks and biosphere. The present biosphere of Earth is dependent on atmospheric CO2 for its existence. Plants and other photoautotrophs use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrate from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis. Carbohydrate derived from consumption of plants as food is the primary source of energy and carbon compounds in almost all other organisms.The current episode of global warming is attributed primarily to increasing industrial CO2 emissions into Earth's atmosphere. The global annual mean concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased markedly since the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm to 400 ppm as of 2015. The present concentration is the highest in the past 800,000 years and likely the highest in the past 20 million years. The increase has been caused by anthropogenic sources, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The daily average concentration of atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa first exceeded 400 ppm on 10 May 2013. It is currently rising at a rate of approximately 2 ppm/year and accelerating. An estimated 30–40% of the CO2 released by humans into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. which contributes to ocean acidification.