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echo4
echo4

... simulations such as that of Winograd (1972)), it may possible to see explicitly how processes for creating agents reflecting the paradigm would work. Real languages appear to be much more complex; instead of explicit rules that state definitely that a particular process is to apply we find fuzzy rul ...
The Ontological Meta-Argument
The Ontological Meta-Argument

... shows that, even if the chances that you are actual are very small, you ought to believe yourself to be actual (and act that way too), then you ought to believe and act as though you are in God’s world.7 Now even if the argument were better than it is, I don’t think Nozick would have found it compel ...
Lecture Introduction to John Locke
Lecture Introduction to John Locke

... It was actually a two-page layout, with these dozen or so images laid out on the left side of the display. Then on the right side of the display was a full page photo of the daisy as seen through the human visual apparatus. The implication of the layout seemed to be, since the photo of the daisy as ...
Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind 1
Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind 1

... red sensation as the awareness of a red particular, rather than as the awareness of its being red. • Then the formation of ideas of repeatables would proceed by the association of words (‘red’) with a range of ‘resembling particulars’. • But the association needs to be handled carefully: If we think ...
Probably - Scholarship at UWindsor
Probably - Scholarship at UWindsor

... ABSTRACT: In two recent essays (Ennis, 2001, in press) I have offered and refined an approach to argument appraisal that, instead of classifying an argument before appraising it, bypasses classification (because that process has fatal flaws) and successively applies sets of argument standards. (An e ...
PHLA10F
PHLA10F

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this PDF file
this PDF file

... Shaftesbury’s argument is that humans, as individuals, are driven towards their own ‘self-good’, but that, since they are also social animals, conflict between ‘private interest’ and ‘public good’ leads to what he calls ‘vicious affection’. As a consequence ‘a creature cannot really be good and natu ...
Communication, Language and Autonomy
Communication, Language and Autonomy

... description of the relationship between perception and indexicality. Clearly there are linguistic expressions that are indexicals namely indicate relations in which the objects stand to the very utterance of the expression itself. For instance, “yesterday” refers to the day before utterance or “I” r ...
Beyond the axioms: The question of objectivity in mathematics
Beyond the axioms: The question of objectivity in mathematics

... Frege have been called Platonists on these grounds, dispite their explicit explanations of their positions. In at least one case, it has been argued that super-realism is a consequence of the use of non-constructive reasoning in mathematics, so that its only alternative is constructive mathematics. ...
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MODULE: Argument Analysis

... In this tutorial we shall discuss what a good argument is. The concept of a good argument is of course quite vague. So what we are trying to do here is to give it a somewhat more precise definition. To begin with, make sure that you know what a sound argument is. Criterion #1 : A good argument must ...
Perception of tone contrasts in Cantonese as a heritage
Perception of tone contrasts in Cantonese as a heritage

... comprehensible even when some of the tone information is lost à there is no ‘need’ to fully acquire it ...
- ANU Repository
- ANU Repository

... I.3.3). However, holistic theories are exempted from the anti-realist argument. Alternative characterisations of realism are also mentioned ...
The “Idyllic Sublime”: Point/Counterpoint A Dialog between Michael
The “Idyllic Sublime”: Point/Counterpoint A Dialog between Michael

... Log of a Cowboy (1903), who had participated in cattle drives as a youth: “There is such a thing as cowboy music. It is a hybrid between the weirdness of an Indian cry and the croon of a darky mammy. It expresses the open, the prairie, the immutable desert.” 1 Adams said this in 1907 just a few yea ...
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TALK OF SAYING, SHOWING, GESTURING, AND FEELING IN
TALK OF SAYING, SHOWING, GESTURING, AND FEELING IN

... words of an indicative and instructive kind, words that can influence their behavior. It is this indicative and instructive use of words in practical contexts that seems crucial. Words like ‘Look’, ‘Look here’, ‘See, here’s the catch’, ‘Listen’, ‘Listen for the stroke of twelve’, ‘Hark, the lark’, ...
4. Third scenario: Sexual selection and a run
4. Third scenario: Sexual selection and a run

... construct visual object concepts. Only the most intelligent primates, however, (cebus monkeys, some baboons and macaques, and all great apes) construct and manipulate relationships between two or more objects. (...) Only humans, for instance, use tools to make tools or construct tools from multiple ...
cognitive artefact
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... Language is a biocultural niche and social institution to which we have adapted in evolution, and which symbolically grounds cognitive artefacts that are also transformative of the biocultural niche ...
Abduction or inertia handout
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... same grammar. But if learning takes place by abduction or inference to the best explanation, how explanation are forms of ampliative inference, and as such are, definitionally, not deductively valid (cf. e.g. Craig 1998). So if learning takes place by abduction or inference to the best ...
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... It is often supposed that behaviourism is committed to a denial of consciousness, free will, individuality, and so on. But in defending the claim that what it is to be in a certain state of mind is to be disposed to behave in a certain way I do not want to belittle the mind, let alone eliminate it. ...
power, authority and pointless activity
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... are commodities fetishized—turned into god-like authorities, a la Marx—but everything is commodified. Hence knowledge, scientific and otherwise, is God-like here in latemodernism/early postmodernism. The fetishization of knowledge has led some philosophers (for example, Rorty, 1982, 2000; Newman, 19 ...
Rereading Romanticism, Rereading Expressivism: Revising "Voice
Rereading Romanticism, Rereading Expressivism: Revising "Voice

... Rohman and Wlecke “instigators of a ‘neo-Romantic’ view of process;” Peter Elbow is described as subscribing to the romantic theory “that ‘good’ writing does not follow the rules but reflects the processes of creative imagination” (1986, p. 530). And paradigmatic romantic figures make arguments abou ...
Semantics in Philosophy and Computer Science
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... meaning investigations are published. Many of them discuss the meaning of complex terms that are deviated from simple terms in consideration of syntax, and try to answer the question whether a phrase is true or not, which is known as semantic theory of truth. To investigate a natural language, philo ...
Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification
Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification

... Another concern about the apostate view is more philosophical. While we routinely say things that are ambiguous, it is always open to someone to come back and say "what did you intend by that: A or A~?" Perhaps this is the Fregean in me, but I can't imagine saying that I was intending to express an ...
How do logic and argument play a role in developing humour
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... it was the second characters opinion on what was the good news and what was the bad news. In his opinion the fact that the fish tasted nice was good news even thought to the other character there would have been no good news because his fish had been killed. This argument presented in the comic is n ...
REREADING ROMANTICISM, REREADING EXPRESSIVISM: REVISING “VOICE” THROUGH WORDSWORTH’S PREFACES
REREADING ROMANTICISM, REREADING EXPRESSIVISM: REVISING “VOICE” THROUGH WORDSWORTH’S PREFACES

... Rohman and Wlecke “instigators of a ‘neo-Romantic’ view of process;” Peter Elbow is described as subscribing to the romantic theory “that ‘good’ writing does not follow the rules but reflects the processes of creative imagination” (1986, p. 530). And paradigmatic romantic figures make arguments abou ...
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Private language argument

The private language argument is a philosophical argument introduced by Ludwig Wittgenstein in his later work, especially in the Philosophical Investigations. The argument was central to philosophical discussion in the second half of the 20th century, and continues to arouse interest. The argument is supposed to show that the idea of a language understandable by only a single individual is incoherent.In the Investigations Wittgenstein does not present his arguments in a succinct and linear fashion; instead, he describes particular uses of language, and prompts the reader to contemplate the implications of those uses. As a result there is considerable dispute about both the nature of the argument and its import. Indeed, it has become common to talk of private language arguments.Historians of philosophy see precursors of the private language argument in a variety of sources, notably in the work of Gottlob Frege and John Locke. Locke is also a prominent exponent of the view targeted by the argument, since he proposed in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding that the referent of a word is the idea it stands for.
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