Larval Connectivity in an Effective Network of Marine Protected Areas
... difficulties associated with applying parentage methods to large natural populations have been overcome with a new Bayesian approach that fully accounts for large numbers of pair-wise comparisons and unknown probabilities of finding true parentoffspring pairs [14]. This new method is well suited for ...
... difficulties associated with applying parentage methods to large natural populations have been overcome with a new Bayesian approach that fully accounts for large numbers of pair-wise comparisons and unknown probabilities of finding true parentoffspring pairs [14]. This new method is well suited for ...
A Literature Review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve
... and the striped boarfish (Evistias acutirostris), which also occur around Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and eastern Australia. These exotic, subtropical fishes form a conspicuous element at the Poor Knights Islands comprising around 38% of the total number of fish species recorded from the Poor ...
... and the striped boarfish (Evistias acutirostris), which also occur around Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and eastern Australia. These exotic, subtropical fishes form a conspicuous element at the Poor Knights Islands comprising around 38% of the total number of fish species recorded from the Poor ...
Full project description - Mar-Eco
... anomalies (Neumann 1968), Sournia 1994). The major oceanic fronts above the MAR of the North Atlantic are the Azores Front (AF), associated with the Azores Current and the Sub Polar Front (SPF). Several investigations of plankton distribution patterns have shown a pelagic boundary at ~ 45°- 46°N (Fa ...
... anomalies (Neumann 1968), Sournia 1994). The major oceanic fronts above the MAR of the North Atlantic are the Azores Front (AF), associated with the Azores Current and the Sub Polar Front (SPF). Several investigations of plankton distribution patterns have shown a pelagic boundary at ~ 45°- 46°N (Fa ...
The role of sustained observations in tracking impacts of
... biogeographic range shifts in any natural system (greater than 10◦ latitude polewards) in response to climate warming [28]. Changes in planktonic community structure have become especially notable after the 1983–1988 ‘regime shift’ with a shift in dominance from the Arctic-Boreal Calanus finmarchicu ...
... biogeographic range shifts in any natural system (greater than 10◦ latitude polewards) in response to climate warming [28]. Changes in planktonic community structure have become especially notable after the 1983–1988 ‘regime shift’ with a shift in dominance from the Arctic-Boreal Calanus finmarchicu ...
Year-long float trajectories in the Labrador Sea Water of the eastern
... maintenance of stratification and property distributions are the flow and mixing of water masses in the interior of the ocean. A number of water masses are formed in the North Atlantic Ocean, owing to intense air—sea interaction in polar and subpolar regions, and to the salinification occuring in th ...
... maintenance of stratification and property distributions are the flow and mixing of water masses in the interior of the ocean. A number of water masses are formed in the North Atlantic Ocean, owing to intense air—sea interaction in polar and subpolar regions, and to the salinification occuring in th ...
Glaciers caused zooplankton mortality?
... The sinking zooplankton are regarded by sedimentologists as 'swimmers' into sediment traps, and most often treated as an artefact or disturbance in carbon flux measurements (Michaels et aL, 1990; Wakeham et aL, 1993). There are some published accounts on sedimenting zooplankton, but most of these pa ...
... The sinking zooplankton are regarded by sedimentologists as 'swimmers' into sediment traps, and most often treated as an artefact or disturbance in carbon flux measurements (Michaels et aL, 1990; Wakeham et aL, 1993). There are some published accounts on sedimenting zooplankton, but most of these pa ...
Key Concept Review (Answers to in-text “Concept Checks”) Chapter
... 21. Evaporites are hydrogenous deposits that include salts that salts precipitate as water evaporates from isolated arms of the ocean or from landlocked seas or lakes. 22. Cameras are used to visualize the bottom, and direct samplers (clamshell, piston corers) are used to obtain specimens. Reflected ...
... 21. Evaporites are hydrogenous deposits that include salts that salts precipitate as water evaporates from isolated arms of the ocean or from landlocked seas or lakes. 22. Cameras are used to visualize the bottom, and direct samplers (clamshell, piston corers) are used to obtain specimens. Reflected ...
Climate effects on Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics
... increased in abundance relative to its more cold-water-orientated congener C. finmarchicus, which in the past was the most abundant species in both numbers and biomass (Helaouët and Beaugrand, 2007; Falkenhaug and Omli, 2011). Southern parts of the Norwegian Sea are now experiencing similar changes ...
... increased in abundance relative to its more cold-water-orientated congener C. finmarchicus, which in the past was the most abundant species in both numbers and biomass (Helaouët and Beaugrand, 2007; Falkenhaug and Omli, 2011). Southern parts of the Norwegian Sea are now experiencing similar changes ...
The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical ... variations and geographical changes
... - Bathymetric: Changes in the vertical aspects of the Bathyal and Abyssal zones that took place under peculiar conditions, i.e. homothermy, a relative oligotrophy, the barrier of the Gibraltar sill, and water mass movement. The deeper the habitat of a species in the Mediterranean, the more extensive ...
... - Bathymetric: Changes in the vertical aspects of the Bathyal and Abyssal zones that took place under peculiar conditions, i.e. homothermy, a relative oligotrophy, the barrier of the Gibraltar sill, and water mass movement. The deeper the habitat of a species in the Mediterranean, the more extensive ...
Risky Decisions - The Pew Charitable Trusts
... During this period of fishing expansion, New England’s council considered but decided against a system of hard catch limits, which had scientific merit but were unpopular in the commercial fishing industry. The council instead opted for a complex, ineffective system of indirect controls on fishing e ...
... During this period of fishing expansion, New England’s council considered but decided against a system of hard catch limits, which had scientific merit but were unpopular in the commercial fishing industry. The council instead opted for a complex, ineffective system of indirect controls on fishing e ...
What Changes in the Carbonate System, Oxygen, and Temperature
... Carbonate chemistry (pH, pCO2 and saturation state). Ocean acidification refers to long-term changes in seawater chemistry such as reductions in pH and carbonate mineral saturation state caused primarily by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Such carbonate chemistry changes have wide ...
... Carbonate chemistry (pH, pCO2 and saturation state). Ocean acidification refers to long-term changes in seawater chemistry such as reductions in pH and carbonate mineral saturation state caused primarily by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Such carbonate chemistry changes have wide ...
Chapter 46 – Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
... ecosystems, though many questions remain open about their distribution, diversity, functioning and environmental features that limit the ability to estimate associated ecosystem services (Armstrong et al., 2012). Nevertheless, deep-sea vents and seeps represent one of the most physically and chemica ...
... ecosystems, though many questions remain open about their distribution, diversity, functioning and environmental features that limit the ability to estimate associated ecosystem services (Armstrong et al., 2012). Nevertheless, deep-sea vents and seeps represent one of the most physically and chemica ...
6: Environmental Considerations
... Mineral deposits are found in many different environments ranging from shallow water (sand, gravel, phosphorites, and placers) to deep water (cobalt crusts, polymetallic sulfides, and manganese nodules). These environments include both the most biologically productive areas of the coastal ocean as w ...
... Mineral deposits are found in many different environments ranging from shallow water (sand, gravel, phosphorites, and placers) to deep water (cobalt crusts, polymetallic sulfides, and manganese nodules). These environments include both the most biologically productive areas of the coastal ocean as w ...
Deep-Sea Life
... in White & Dorschel (2010). The turbulent mixing that ensues from the reflection of these enhanced internal waves near the sea bed may be a source of resuspended organic material, that could drift in gravity-driven flows downslope (Wright & Friedrichs 2006), feeding thriving coral reefs on the carbo ...
... in White & Dorschel (2010). The turbulent mixing that ensues from the reflection of these enhanced internal waves near the sea bed may be a source of resuspended organic material, that could drift in gravity-driven flows downslope (Wright & Friedrichs 2006), feeding thriving coral reefs on the carbo ...
The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris
... and seamounts were collected independently by the University of Barcelona and the Natural History Museum, London. In addition, coral specimens were sampled on seamounts (figure 1 and table 1). Sampling depth ranged down to 3500 m, but most sites were at around 1000 m and were at least 9 km horizontal ...
... and seamounts were collected independently by the University of Barcelona and the Natural History Museum, London. In addition, coral specimens were sampled on seamounts (figure 1 and table 1). Sampling depth ranged down to 3500 m, but most sites were at around 1000 m and were at least 9 km horizontal ...
Witch sole, Northern stock, demersal trawl
... discarding is reduced, and improved information on catches is available. Moreover, there is more flexibility for fishermen to use the additional days at sea up to the point when they run out of quota, and there is an incentive to use more selective gear in order to target more marketable fish. Since ...
... discarding is reduced, and improved information on catches is available. Moreover, there is more flexibility for fishermen to use the additional days at sea up to the point when they run out of quota, and there is an incentive to use more selective gear in order to target more marketable fish. Since ...
Tiny Bacteria Questions I Big
... darkness and can’t take advantage of energy coming from the sun. Rather than photosynthesis, these Epsilonproteobacteria survive using chemosynthesis: To build their bodies, they extract energy from inorganic chemicals that leach out of rocks below the seafloor and into the vent fluid. The bacteria ...
... darkness and can’t take advantage of energy coming from the sun. Rather than photosynthesis, these Epsilonproteobacteria survive using chemosynthesis: To build their bodies, they extract energy from inorganic chemicals that leach out of rocks below the seafloor and into the vent fluid. The bacteria ...
The impacts of high seas bottom trawl fisheries
... unstudied – the “last great frontier on Earth” (Roberts 2005). While much of the abyssal region is sparsely populated, deep sea benthic habitat around features such as seamounts, hydrothermal vents, ridges and trenches is often both rich and abundant. However, these habitats (especially seamounts) a ...
... unstudied – the “last great frontier on Earth” (Roberts 2005). While much of the abyssal region is sparsely populated, deep sea benthic habitat around features such as seamounts, hydrothermal vents, ridges and trenches is often both rich and abundant. However, these habitats (especially seamounts) a ...
The Ocean Floor
... Less than 0.1 percent of the world's seamounts have been explored to learn what species live on them, but many of the species that have been found so far are new to science. It has been estimated that more than 30,000 seamounts reaching more than 1,000 meters tall are found in the Pacific Ocean. App ...
... Less than 0.1 percent of the world's seamounts have been explored to learn what species live on them, but many of the species that have been found so far are new to science. It has been estimated that more than 30,000 seamounts reaching more than 1,000 meters tall are found in the Pacific Ocean. App ...
Fish assemblages across a complex, tropical freshwater/marine
... Riverine fish assemblagesin the temperate zone generally show strong longitudinal patterns of faunal turnover and increasesin speciesrichnesswith increasing stream order. We examined the composition and structure of tropical fish assemblagesacrossa complex freshwater/marine ecotone in Tortuguero Nat ...
... Riverine fish assemblagesin the temperate zone generally show strong longitudinal patterns of faunal turnover and increasesin speciesrichnesswith increasing stream order. We examined the composition and structure of tropical fish assemblagesacrossa complex freshwater/marine ecotone in Tortuguero Nat ...
technology evolution and advances in fisheries acoustics
... primary tool to explore oceans has many advantages compared to conventional biological sampling, such as trawls and nets. First, underwater sound propagates at about 1500 m/s and can travel a much larger distance, making it possible to sample a much larger volume in a relatively shorter period of ti ...
... primary tool to explore oceans has many advantages compared to conventional biological sampling, such as trawls and nets. First, underwater sound propagates at about 1500 m/s and can travel a much larger distance, making it possible to sample a much larger volume in a relatively shorter period of ti ...
Chapter 14--Part 3
... Atmospheric CO2 can decrease with more storage of CO2 in deep waters. This could be due to: ...
... Atmospheric CO2 can decrease with more storage of CO2 in deep waters. This could be due to: ...
Observations of abundance, stock composition, body size and food
... may also have caused errors since presumably the postsmolts also moved northwards during that period (Jonsson et al. 1993), with a speed probably not far from that of the vessels mean northerly speed. At present we will not go deeper into these problems, but await the quantitative interpretation of ...
... may also have caused errors since presumably the postsmolts also moved northwards during that period (Jonsson et al. 1993), with a speed probably not far from that of the vessels mean northerly speed. At present we will not go deeper into these problems, but await the quantitative interpretation of ...
Ocean - Geological Society of India
... Manganese Nodules Large areas of the sea-floor are covered by black, potato like objects called manganese nodules. Growing at unbelievably slow rates (a few mm in 1 million years!), they contain metals like copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese etc. that are precipitated as oxides/hydroxides from ...
... Manganese Nodules Large areas of the sea-floor are covered by black, potato like objects called manganese nodules. Growing at unbelievably slow rates (a few mm in 1 million years!), they contain metals like copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese etc. that are precipitated as oxides/hydroxides from ...
Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).