A persistent particle ontology for QFT in terms of the Dirac sea
... of QFT. In modern formulations of QFT, a mathematical description in terms of the Dirac sea, although being canonically equivalent on the level of wave functions, has been abandoned in favour of a more economic description involving particles and anti-particles as well as their creation and annihila ...
... of QFT. In modern formulations of QFT, a mathematical description in terms of the Dirac sea, although being canonically equivalent on the level of wave functions, has been abandoned in favour of a more economic description involving particles and anti-particles as well as their creation and annihila ...
Khonkaenwittayayon School
... Know what kind of pattern forms on a screen when laser light passes through a narrow slit on its way to a screen. Know what ability of particles of light causes electricity to flow in some materials. Know which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy per photon. Know what the ene ...
... Know what kind of pattern forms on a screen when laser light passes through a narrow slit on its way to a screen. Know what ability of particles of light causes electricity to flow in some materials. Know which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy per photon. Know what the ene ...
Metric fluctuations and the weak equivalence principle
... which incorporates the time-dependent fluctuation part. We introduced the metric fluctuations without specifying explicitly their diagonal elements—in general they are distinct from each other. This allows us to describe an anisotropy of space and we will assume that this is the outcome of spacetime ...
... which incorporates the time-dependent fluctuation part. We introduced the metric fluctuations without specifying explicitly their diagonal elements—in general they are distinct from each other. This allows us to describe an anisotropy of space and we will assume that this is the outcome of spacetime ...
Quantum NP - A Survey Dorit Aharonov and Tomer Naveh
... to cheat by entangling the witnesses he provides. We will have to show that such a strategy cannot help the prover in case x is not in the language. We construct a new verifier which runs in parallel polynomially many copies of the verifier V , then outputs the majority. The existence of a witness ...
... to cheat by entangling the witnesses he provides. We will have to show that such a strategy cannot help the prover in case x is not in the language. We construct a new verifier which runs in parallel polynomially many copies of the verifier V , then outputs the majority. The existence of a witness ...
Quantum Symmetric States - UCLA Department of Mathematics
... Thus, the expectation E can be seen as an integral (w.r.t. a probability measure on the tail algebra) — that is, as a sort of convex combination — of expectations with respect to which the random variables x1 , x2 , . . . are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Dykema (TAMU) ...
... Thus, the expectation E can be seen as an integral (w.r.t. a probability measure on the tail algebra) — that is, as a sort of convex combination — of expectations with respect to which the random variables x1 , x2 , . . . are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Dykema (TAMU) ...
The Philosophy behind Quantum Gravity
... in the last resort, even the definitions of momentum and energy quantities rest – must always be described entirely on classical lines, and consequently kept outside the system subject to quantum mechanical treatment. The point is that we can treat a measuring apparatus (or part of this) as a quantu ...
... in the last resort, even the definitions of momentum and energy quantities rest – must always be described entirely on classical lines, and consequently kept outside the system subject to quantum mechanical treatment. The point is that we can treat a measuring apparatus (or part of this) as a quantu ...
glossery - Paradigm Shift Now
... Dissipative Structures23: Ilya Prigogine, a Nobel Laureate in thermodynamics, coined the phrase as a name for the patterns which self-organize; i.e. “stabilize” in far-from-equilibrium dissipative systems. Scientists call something dissipative if it looses energy to waste-heat. The Second Law of The ...
... Dissipative Structures23: Ilya Prigogine, a Nobel Laureate in thermodynamics, coined the phrase as a name for the patterns which self-organize; i.e. “stabilize” in far-from-equilibrium dissipative systems. Scientists call something dissipative if it looses energy to waste-heat. The Second Law of The ...
Quantum Copy-Protection and Quantum Money
... information-theoretic security (as provided, for example, by quantum key distribution), then we cannot hope for either quantum copy-protection or publiclyverifiable quantum money. The reason is simple: an adversary with unlimited computational power could loop through all possible quantum states |ψi ...
... information-theoretic security (as provided, for example, by quantum key distribution), then we cannot hope for either quantum copy-protection or publiclyverifiable quantum money. The reason is simple: an adversary with unlimited computational power could loop through all possible quantum states |ψi ...
Z2 Topological Order and the Quantum Spin Hall Effect
... states in Fig. 1(b) could dip below the band edge, reducing—or even eliminating —the edge gap. However, this is still distinct from the QSH phase because there will necessarily be an even number of Kramers’ pairs at each energy. This allows elastic backscattering, so that these edge states will in g ...
... states in Fig. 1(b) could dip below the band edge, reducing—or even eliminating —the edge gap. However, this is still distinct from the QSH phase because there will necessarily be an even number of Kramers’ pairs at each energy. This allows elastic backscattering, so that these edge states will in g ...
- Europhysics News
... Figure 4 shows a sequence of reproducible switching events between an insulation “off-state” and a quantized conducting “on-state” (at 1 G 0 ), where the quantum conductance (red curves) of the switch is controlled by the gate potential (blue curves), as commonly observed in transistors. As calculat ...
... Figure 4 shows a sequence of reproducible switching events between an insulation “off-state” and a quantized conducting “on-state” (at 1 G 0 ), where the quantum conductance (red curves) of the switch is controlled by the gate potential (blue curves), as commonly observed in transistors. As calculat ...
indistinguishability - University of Oxford
... number Ns of ‘energy elements’ over a system of Cs states (or ‘resonators’)? The distribution of energy over each type of resonator must now be considered, first, the distribution of the energy Es over the Cs resonators with frequency s . If Es is regarded as infinitely divisible, an infinite number ...
... number Ns of ‘energy elements’ over a system of Cs states (or ‘resonators’)? The distribution of energy over each type of resonator must now be considered, first, the distribution of the energy Es over the Cs resonators with frequency s . If Es is regarded as infinitely divisible, an infinite number ...