Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 176, 384 (2008).
... To set up the pentagons, we need to explain the consistency of fusion tree bases for any number of anyons. Consider a fusion tree T , and a decomposition of T into two sub-fusion trees T1 , T2 by cutting an edge; the resulting new edge of T1 , T2 will also be referred to as edge e. The fusion tree b ...
... To set up the pentagons, we need to explain the consistency of fusion tree bases for any number of anyons. Consider a fusion tree T , and a decomposition of T into two sub-fusion trees T1 , T2 by cutting an edge; the resulting new edge of T1 , T2 will also be referred to as edge e. The fusion tree b ...
(Never) Mind your p`s and q`s: Von Neumann versus Jordan on the
... 1927 to the same journal, a sequel in which Jordan tried both to simplify and to generalize his theory (Jordan, 1927e). 4 The theory presented in these Neue Begründung papers is Jordan’s version of what came to be known as transformation theory, or, in older literature, as the Dirac-Jordan (statist ...
... 1927 to the same journal, a sequel in which Jordan tried both to simplify and to generalize his theory (Jordan, 1927e). 4 The theory presented in these Neue Begründung papers is Jordan’s version of what came to be known as transformation theory, or, in older literature, as the Dirac-Jordan (statist ...
7 Momentum
... 7.4 Conservation of Momentum The force or impulse that changes momentum must be exerted on the object by something outside the object. • Molecular forces within a basketball have no effect on the momentum of the basketball. • A push against the dashboard from inside does not affect the momentum of a ...
... 7.4 Conservation of Momentum The force or impulse that changes momentum must be exerted on the object by something outside the object. • Molecular forces within a basketball have no effect on the momentum of the basketball. • A push against the dashboard from inside does not affect the momentum of a ...
7 Momentum
... 7.4 Conservation of Momentum The force or impulse that changes momentum must be exerted on the object by something outside the object. • Molecular forces within a basketball have no effect on the momentum of the basketball. • A push against the dashboard from inside does not affect the momentum of a ...
... 7.4 Conservation of Momentum The force or impulse that changes momentum must be exerted on the object by something outside the object. • Molecular forces within a basketball have no effect on the momentum of the basketball. • A push against the dashboard from inside does not affect the momentum of a ...
Classical & quantum dynamics of information
... Chapter 2 is a background chapter on quantum entanglement, where the differences between the concept of entanglement in systems consisting of distinguishable subsystems and the corresponding concept in systems of identical fermions are emphasized. Different measures of ...
... Chapter 2 is a background chapter on quantum entanglement, where the differences between the concept of entanglement in systems consisting of distinguishable subsystems and the corresponding concept in systems of identical fermions are emphasized. Different measures of ...
Colloquium Slides
... symmetry breaking — the one Higgs double model — is at least approximately correct. What does that have to do with neutrinos? The tiny neutrino masses point to three different possibilities. 1. Neutrinos talk to the Higgs boson very, very weakly; 2. Neutrinos talk to a different Higgs boson – there ...
... symmetry breaking — the one Higgs double model — is at least approximately correct. What does that have to do with neutrinos? The tiny neutrino masses point to three different possibilities. 1. Neutrinos talk to the Higgs boson very, very weakly; 2. Neutrinos talk to a different Higgs boson – there ...
Momentum
... on the halfback must have been directed leftward. If the halfback experienced a force of 800 N for 0.9 seconds, then we could say that the impulse was 720 N*s. This impulse would cause a momentum change of 720 kg*m/s. In a collision, the impulse experienced by an object is always equal to the moment ...
... on the halfback must have been directed leftward. If the halfback experienced a force of 800 N for 0.9 seconds, then we could say that the impulse was 720 N*s. This impulse would cause a momentum change of 720 kg*m/s. In a collision, the impulse experienced by an object is always equal to the moment ...
Full pdf version - UBC Math - The University of British Columbia
... at a minimum. The problems are motivated with enough detail to follow the assumptions, but are simplified for the purpose of pedagogy. The mathematical philosophy is as follows: We start with elementary observations about functions and graphs, with an emphasis on power functions and polynomials. Thi ...
... at a minimum. The problems are motivated with enough detail to follow the assumptions, but are simplified for the purpose of pedagogy. The mathematical philosophy is as follows: We start with elementary observations about functions and graphs, with an emphasis on power functions and polynomials. Thi ...
Number Fluctuations and Phase Diffusion in a Bose
... when the particle number is conserved. For example, photons cannot condense. They have a simpler alternative, namely, to simply disappear in the vacuum.”. The reasoning behind this statement is that for blackbody radiation, which is a thermal gas of photons in free space, the number of photons N and ...
... when the particle number is conserved. For example, photons cannot condense. They have a simpler alternative, namely, to simply disappear in the vacuum.”. The reasoning behind this statement is that for blackbody radiation, which is a thermal gas of photons in free space, the number of photons N and ...
Quantum Computer (Information) and Quantum Mechanical
... matter having both a particle and wave nature. On the scale of atoms and molecules, matter (e&eb) behaves in a quantum manner. The idea that computation might be performed more efficiently by making clever use (e) of the fascinating properties of quantum mechanics is nothing other than the quantum c ...
... matter having both a particle and wave nature. On the scale of atoms and molecules, matter (e&eb) behaves in a quantum manner. The idea that computation might be performed more efficiently by making clever use (e) of the fascinating properties of quantum mechanics is nothing other than the quantum c ...
Theoretical study of open-shell van der Waals complexes Anna V. Fishchuk
... interaction, hence, arises from a charge distribution anisotropy of both interacting components. The electrostatic interactions between separated charge distributions represented by multipole moments (dipole, quadrupole, etc.) influences the equilibrium geometry of the whole complex. The electrostat ...
... interaction, hence, arises from a charge distribution anisotropy of both interacting components. The electrostatic interactions between separated charge distributions represented by multipole moments (dipole, quadrupole, etc.) influences the equilibrium geometry of the whole complex. The electrostat ...
pdf
... from group members who have moved on and those who will remain. My work here has been eased along by patience and understanding of graduate students Aaron and Yong, who nurtured my development on the apparatus, driven forward by the insights of post-docs Dave and Michele, and “boosted” by diploma st ...
... from group members who have moved on and those who will remain. My work here has been eased along by patience and understanding of graduate students Aaron and Yong, who nurtured my development on the apparatus, driven forward by the insights of post-docs Dave and Michele, and “boosted” by diploma st ...
Few-body interactions in an ultracold gas of Cesium atoms
... to ongoing research efforts. The third chapter gives a short outline of the binary interactions acting between Cs atoms and the resulting molecular energy structure just below threshold. Emphasis is given to the influence of the molecular states on the lowenergy scattering properties which set Cs ap ...
... to ongoing research efforts. The third chapter gives a short outline of the binary interactions acting between Cs atoms and the resulting molecular energy structure just below threshold. Emphasis is given to the influence of the molecular states on the lowenergy scattering properties which set Cs ap ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.