• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
A simple and effective approach to calculate the energy of complex
A simple and effective approach to calculate the energy of complex

... It is well known that exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation can be found in a few cases [1–5]. With relation to atomic physics, are treated in general hydrogenic atoms and the ground configuration of He but, in this case, not all necessary calculations are presented in detail [6–8]. In this w ...
ONE-ELECTRON ATOMS: SPECTRAL PATTERNS Late 19th
ONE-ELECTRON ATOMS: SPECTRAL PATTERNS Late 19th

Van der Waals Forces Between Atoms
Van der Waals Forces Between Atoms

... Mechanics) concluded from this that there is no leading order energy correction between two  hydrogen atoms if one of them is in the ground state.  This is incorrect: the first excited state of  the two­atom system (without interaction) is degenerate, so, exactly as for the 2­D simple  harmonic osci ...
Non-Equilibrium Quantum Many-Body Systems: Universal Aspects
Non-Equilibrium Quantum Many-Body Systems: Universal Aspects

... Initial Hamiltonian Hi: defines state |Ψi> ...
Chapter 10 - Lecture 3
Chapter 10 - Lecture 3

... • Because of electron correlation, no simple analytical expression for orbitals is possible • Therefore ψ(r1, r2, ….) can be expressed as ψ(r1)ψ(r2)… • Called the orbital approximation • Individual hydrogenic orbitals modified by presence of other electrons ...
Questions to Chapter 1 of book Quantum Computation and Quantum
Questions to Chapter 1 of book Quantum Computation and Quantum

... ternary swap gate using these primitives. First define the unitary matrix for each ternary quantum gate, including swap. 36. The role of measurement in quantum computing. 37. What is no-cloning theorem. Explain intuitively (no proof) why cloning is not possible, use Figure 1.11. 38. What are Bell s ...
The Interaction of Radiation and Matter: Quantum
The Interaction of Radiation and Matter: Quantum

Document
Document

Fermionic quantum criticality and the fractal nodal surface
Fermionic quantum criticality and the fractal nodal surface

... -> A fractal nodal surface is a necessary condition for a fermionic quantum critical state. -> Fermionic backflow wavefunctions have a fractal nodal surface: Mottness. Work in progress: reading the physics from bosons and nodal geometry (Fermi-liquids, superconductivity, criticality … ) . ...
Document
Document

... To have renormalisability:theory must be gauge invariant. In electrostatics, the interaction energy which can be measured, depends only on changes in the static potential and not on its absolute magnitude invariant under arbitrary changes in the potential scale or gauge ...
Gradient tool
Gradient tool

From Highly Structured E-Infinity Rings and Transfinite Maximally
From Highly Structured E-Infinity Rings and Transfinite Maximally

... dimension D = 4 to itself as the dimension of the photon “space” so that we obtain the trivial result ...
The postulates of Quantum Mechanics
The postulates of Quantum Mechanics

Chapter 5. The Schrödinger Wave Equation Formulation of Quantum
Chapter 5. The Schrödinger Wave Equation Formulation of Quantum

Proportions and Similar Figures
Proportions and Similar Figures

BEC and optical lattices
BEC and optical lattices

... Brief introduction: T.H. Johnson, Non-equilibrium strongly-correlated dynamics, DPhil thesis, Email: [email protected] ...
Discrete quantum gravity: a mechanism for selecting the value of
Discrete quantum gravity: a mechanism for selecting the value of

... one takes the lattice spacing to zero and also fine-tunes the bare parameters in such a way that the “dressed” physical constants are finite. More precisely, such a process is fine tuned for one observable, and then the same process predicts the values of other observables (at least for renormalizab ...
kg·m
kg·m

... Impulse Example An 8N force acts on a 5 kg object for 3 seconds. If the initial velocity of the object was 25 m/s, what is its final velocity? F= 8 N m= 5 kg t= 3 s v1 = 25 m/s v2 = ? J = Ft =(8N)(3s) = 24 N·s BUT we need to find v2 ……… ...
Lecture 14 1 Entanglement and Spin
Lecture 14 1 Entanglement and Spin

... strong function of the relative position, but we don’t want to worry about that now. You can just imagine that C is determined through experiment, but is equal to some value that is yet to be determined. The important part is the ~S1 · ~S2 term. So what is the ground state of this Hamiltonian? Let’s ...
Document
Document

Effect of Generalized Uncertainty Principle on Main
Effect of Generalized Uncertainty Principle on Main

Derivation of Bohr`s Equations for the One
Derivation of Bohr`s Equations for the One

Lieb-Robinson bounds and the speed of light from topological order
Lieb-Robinson bounds and the speed of light from topological order

... √ (2003)]. The maximum speed of interactions is found in two dimensions is bounded from above less than 2e times the speed of emerging light, giving a strong indication that light is indeed the maximum speed of interactions. This result does not rely on mean field theoretic methods. In higher spatia ...
Troshin
Troshin

o Schrödinger equation for o Two-electron atoms. o Multi
o Schrödinger equation for o Two-electron atoms. o Multi

< 1 ... 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 ... 516 >

Renormalization group



In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report