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... Gell-Mann and Feynman • In 1964, Gell-Mann proposed the quark model. The proton is a bound state of the quarks, like the hydrogen atom. • In 1969, Feynman observed that the fast-moving proton looks like a collection of partons. ...
Chapter 7 The Schroedinger Equation in One Dimension In classical
Chapter 7 The Schroedinger Equation in One Dimension In classical

... Thus, for a quantum standing wave, the probability density is independent of time. For a quantum standing wave, the distribution of matter is time independent or stationary. This is why it’s called a stationary state. These are states of definite energy. Because their charge distribution is static, ...
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... Ask some friendly theorists for help. [or see, e.g., Y. Sun, J. Bergou, and M. Hillery, Phys. Rev. A 66, 032315 (2002).] ...
Ground State Structure in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics* Qv
Ground State Structure in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics* Qv

Quantum Query Lower Bounds: The Adversary Method
Quantum Query Lower Bounds: The Adversary Method

... That is, we call the oracle T times, with some unitary transformations between successive calls, and then measure at the end, and then use the measurement to determine our answer. Since all quantum operations are unitary, we can collapse any number of intermediate quantum gates into one big unitary ...
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... We have shown that any time-limited force acting on our model produces coherent states. Now, we would like to generalize the potential in which our masses interact. In order to make our calculations more simple, we will assume a Dirac delta function form for the force, such that ...
Understanding the destruction of nth
Understanding the destruction of nth

Lecture 2. Marginal Functions, Average Functions - www
Lecture 2. Marginal Functions, Average Functions - www

gunify - Paradigm Shift Now
gunify - Paradigm Shift Now

... an attempt to solve the puzzle of dark matter, the mysterious substance that was proposed to explain why galaxies seem to contain much more mass than can be accounted for by visible matter. They posit an aether that is a field, rather than a substance, and which pervades space-time. "If you removed ...
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... point-like particles lead to infinite self-interaction energy. This way classical electrodynamics splits into two incompatible parts: 1) Maxwell theory for the evolution of the electromagnetic field with given sources and 2) Lorentz theory of motion of test particles (i.e. point particles, which the ...
Introduction to DMRG - International Institute of Physics
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... motion. Hamilton’s version is: H=T+V What this means is that if we can figure out the kinetic and potential energy of a system, we know everything about it! The Schrödinger equation says this is possible for ANY quantum system so long as you choose/design an appropriate wavefunction! ...
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White paper: The logic of quantum mechanics

epl draft - E-Prints Complutense
epl draft - E-Prints Complutense

... studied a novel type of BICs in systems whose energy levels are modulated harmonically in time. To be specific, we have considered a quantum ring subjected to a side-gate voltage oscillating in time with frequency ω and studied its transport properties in a fully coherent regime. We come to the impo ...
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Unified treatment of quantum coherent and incoherent hopping

... the environmental degrees of freedom. The most commonly used theory from this approach is the Redfield equation,15–18 which is based on second-order perturbative truncation with respect to electron-environment interaction and the Markov approximation. In photosynthetic EET, each site of a multichrom ...
Probing the Primordial Universe using Massive Fields
Probing the Primordial Universe using Massive Fields

... conditions 6–9 , generalized kinetic terms such as Galileons 10 , and so on and so forth. This is more or less the story for single scalar field inflation. One can in addition consider quasi-single field 11–13 , multi-field, and generalize to higher spin fields 14 . As a result, the possibilities of ...
Hydrogen 1
Hydrogen 1

... We now have three differential equations (9, 11 and 12) that provide solutions for the r,  and  components of the wavefunction. That is, we must solve these differential equations to find the wavefunctions R(r), () and (). Once we have these solutions we can then obtain the total, three-dimens ...
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information” by Michael
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information” by Michael

Symmetry and Supersymmetry - UCLA Department of Mathematics
Symmetry and Supersymmetry - UCLA Department of Mathematics

... Typically, quantum systems arise by quantization of classical systems, a procedure in which the classical configuration space M of the particles is replaced by the Hilbert space of functions on M , and the classical physical observables are promoted to become operators (self adjoint) on this Hilbert ...
perturbative expansion of chern-simons theory with non
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Credibility of Common Sense Science
Credibility of Common Sense Science

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Renormalization group



In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.
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