Gravity as the breakdown of conformal invariance
... has led to speculations [1] that an ultra-violet (UV) completion of the theory should be described by a topological theory with no local degrees of freedom. A less direct, but more general, indication favouring this picture arises from the fact that several different approaches to quantum gravity pr ...
... has led to speculations [1] that an ultra-violet (UV) completion of the theory should be described by a topological theory with no local degrees of freedom. A less direct, but more general, indication favouring this picture arises from the fact that several different approaches to quantum gravity pr ...
On a Fundamental Physical Basis forMaxwell
... case of electricity and magnetism, if X and Y are identified with the electric and magnetic fields respectively, then, we will have Professor Maxwell’s classical equations for electrodynamics – in which case α = 1/ε0 , β = µ0 and γ = 1. Clearly, this axiomatic approach of deriving Maxwell’s field eq ...
... case of electricity and magnetism, if X and Y are identified with the electric and magnetic fields respectively, then, we will have Professor Maxwell’s classical equations for electrodynamics – in which case α = 1/ε0 , β = µ0 and γ = 1. Clearly, this axiomatic approach of deriving Maxwell’s field eq ...
Inequalities for means of chords, with application to isoperimetric
... We are interested in the shape of Γ that maximizes the ground state energy. There are several reasons for interest in this question. On the physical side, operators of the type (1.1) have been studied as models of leaky quantum wires, with the aim of more realistically taking quantum tunneling into ...
... We are interested in the shape of Γ that maximizes the ground state energy. There are several reasons for interest in this question. On the physical side, operators of the type (1.1) have been studied as models of leaky quantum wires, with the aim of more realistically taking quantum tunneling into ...
A Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
... force p to be large. In other words, we can always find a p and a set of angles γ, β that make Fp (γ, β) as close to Mp as desired. With (9), this proves the assertion of (10). The previous discussion shows that we can get a good approximate solution to an optimization problem by making p sufficien ...
... force p to be large. In other words, we can always find a p and a set of angles γ, β that make Fp (γ, β) as close to Mp as desired. With (9), this proves the assertion of (10). The previous discussion shows that we can get a good approximate solution to an optimization problem by making p sufficien ...
Beam Line - SLAC - Stanford University
... may have been the first to state that gas pressure is caused by the collisions of particles with the walls that contain them. The nineteenthcentury masters of kinetic theory were atomists—by definition, one might say. In Rudolf Clausius’ (1822–1888) paper of 1857, entitled “On the kind of motion we ...
... may have been the first to state that gas pressure is caused by the collisions of particles with the walls that contain them. The nineteenthcentury masters of kinetic theory were atomists—by definition, one might say. In Rudolf Clausius’ (1822–1888) paper of 1857, entitled “On the kind of motion we ...
Scattering and propagation of light in mesoscopic random
... In this thesis we present an experimental study of mesoscopic correlations in the optical speckle pattern. The thesis addresses two main topics: I) Speckle correlations in the narrow-beam limit and II) Photon count statistics in the presence of long -range speckle correlations. Most of the previous ...
... In this thesis we present an experimental study of mesoscopic correlations in the optical speckle pattern. The thesis addresses two main topics: I) Speckle correlations in the narrow-beam limit and II) Photon count statistics in the presence of long -range speckle correlations. Most of the previous ...
The Relative Judgment Theory of the Psychometric Function
... major impediment to providing a theory consistent with the assumed logistic form of the psychometric function is raised by the fact that the probabilities that appear to follow this cumulative probability distribution so nicely are not cumulative probabilities at all. Rather, they are probabilities ...
... major impediment to providing a theory consistent with the assumed logistic form of the psychometric function is raised by the fact that the probabilities that appear to follow this cumulative probability distribution so nicely are not cumulative probabilities at all. Rather, they are probabilities ...
A violation of the uncertainty principle implies a violation of the
... We would like to emphasize that thermodynamical cycles have been useful before to examine foundational questions and our cycle is indeed similar to the ones given in refs 25–28. Our contribution lies in the insight that a violation of uncertainty relation allows for the construction of a similar (bu ...
... We would like to emphasize that thermodynamical cycles have been useful before to examine foundational questions and our cycle is indeed similar to the ones given in refs 25–28. Our contribution lies in the insight that a violation of uncertainty relation allows for the construction of a similar (bu ...
Momentum - Mindset Learn
... Thus F∆t = ∆p = m(Vf – Vi). From this equation, it can be deduced that the resultant force acting on an object is given by the rate of change of momentum and that the change in momentum is in the direction of the force: F = ...
... Thus F∆t = ∆p = m(Vf – Vi). From this equation, it can be deduced that the resultant force acting on an object is given by the rate of change of momentum and that the change in momentum is in the direction of the force: F = ...
Partial differential equations (PDEs)
... (ODEs) have solutions that are families with each solution characterized by the values of some parameters, for a PDE it is more helpful to think that the parameters are function data (informally put, this means that the set of solutions is much larger). That is true fairly generally, unless the equa ...
... (ODEs) have solutions that are families with each solution characterized by the values of some parameters, for a PDE it is more helpful to think that the parameters are function data (informally put, this means that the set of solutions is much larger). That is true fairly generally, unless the equa ...
cos rFrF оvоо ∆ =∆⋅
... Relate work to potential energy Consider the ball moving up to height h (from time 1 to time 2) How does this relate to the potential energy? ...
... Relate work to potential energy Consider the ball moving up to height h (from time 1 to time 2) How does this relate to the potential energy? ...
g-2 , muon edm and deuteron edm at a high intensity storage ring
... • Do not use electrostatic but magnetic quadrupoles • Apply, in dipole B field, a radial Er field such that E // B ...
... • Do not use electrostatic but magnetic quadrupoles • Apply, in dipole B field, a radial Er field such that E // B ...
Properties of electrons - VGTU Elektronikos fakultetas
... 1. A microparticle can be reflected by the low potential barrier. If the height of the low potential barrier increases, the reflection coefficient also increases and becomes 1 when the height of the low barrier becomes equal to the energy of the microparticle. 2. Microparticles penetrate into the hi ...
... 1. A microparticle can be reflected by the low potential barrier. If the height of the low potential barrier increases, the reflection coefficient also increases and becomes 1 when the height of the low barrier becomes equal to the energy of the microparticle. 2. Microparticles penetrate into the hi ...
Quantum Control in the Classical Limit: Can the
... phenomenon, but can differ greatly quantitatively. Control IS due to interference effects, but they can differ from the double slit paradigm insofar as they can be field driven. Such field driven interference terms may survive to the classical limit. (Some control cases, e.g. collisional control sce ...
... phenomenon, but can differ greatly quantitatively. Control IS due to interference effects, but they can differ from the double slit paradigm insofar as they can be field driven. Such field driven interference terms may survive to the classical limit. (Some control cases, e.g. collisional control sce ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... neutron into a proton, and also simultaneously emitting an electron and an anti-neutrino. Neutrons inside stable nuclei do not decay because of kinematic constraints. In the early days, cosmic rays, i.e., high energy particles from extraterrestrial sources were the only source of information on high ...
... neutron into a proton, and also simultaneously emitting an electron and an anti-neutrino. Neutrons inside stable nuclei do not decay because of kinematic constraints. In the early days, cosmic rays, i.e., high energy particles from extraterrestrial sources were the only source of information on high ...
Lecture notes - UCSD Department of Physics
... I begin with some discussion of my goals for this course. This is a special topics course directed at graduate students in theoretical physics; this includes high-energy theory and condensed matter theory and maybe some other areas, too. The subject of the course is regulated quantum field theory (Q ...
... I begin with some discussion of my goals for this course. This is a special topics course directed at graduate students in theoretical physics; this includes high-energy theory and condensed matter theory and maybe some other areas, too. The subject of the course is regulated quantum field theory (Q ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.