Physics Today
... Figure 5. The ground-state configurations of various multielectron atoms, calculated using a Bohr-like model. For both the n = 1 and n = 2 shells, the electron locations (red dots) found from that simplistic model agree closely with the maximum charge densities obtained from standard quantum-theory ...
... Figure 5. The ground-state configurations of various multielectron atoms, calculated using a Bohr-like model. For both the n = 1 and n = 2 shells, the electron locations (red dots) found from that simplistic model agree closely with the maximum charge densities obtained from standard quantum-theory ...
Time-dependent quantum circular billiard
... different values of the expanding (contracting) velocities a. It is clear that the difference between adiabatic (a << 1) and non-adiabatic (a >> 1) regimes is exhibited in the decay rate of the curve. Furthermore, the curves are symmetric for the expanding and contracting circles (for the same expandi ...
... different values of the expanding (contracting) velocities a. It is clear that the difference between adiabatic (a << 1) and non-adiabatic (a >> 1) regimes is exhibited in the decay rate of the curve. Furthermore, the curves are symmetric for the expanding and contracting circles (for the same expandi ...
... of motion and energy level of microscopic particles such as atoms, molecules, etc. Here, as in any physical theory, we have to consider only those quantities which may be measured. These physical quantities whose values are found by means of an experiment (or measured) are fundamental concept of qua ...
Can Spacetime Curvature Induced Corrections to Lamb Shift Be
... 2. The summations of the outgoing and ingoing modes are not of the same order in the asymptotic regions. So, problem arises when we add the two. We need approximations which are of the same order! 3. Numerical computation reveals that near the horizon, the revisions are negative with their absolute ...
... 2. The summations of the outgoing and ingoing modes are not of the same order in the asymptotic regions. So, problem arises when we add the two. We need approximations which are of the same order! 3. Numerical computation reveals that near the horizon, the revisions are negative with their absolute ...
Fractional topological ordered phases.
... Interestingly, electrons in the TIs discovered so far indeed behave as if they were non-interacting, i.e., besides being unaffected by detrimental effects within the material such as imperfections etc., the electrons in these new materials essentially do not interact with one another – despite being ...
... Interestingly, electrons in the TIs discovered so far indeed behave as if they were non-interacting, i.e., besides being unaffected by detrimental effects within the material such as imperfections etc., the electrons in these new materials essentially do not interact with one another – despite being ...
Observing the proton off the light-cone
... In the IMF, the interactions between particles are Lorentz-dilated, and thus the systems appear as if interaction free: the proton is made of free partons. This is only true to a certain degree: leading twist. The so-called higher-twist contributions are sensitive to parton offshellness, transverse ...
... In the IMF, the interactions between particles are Lorentz-dilated, and thus the systems appear as if interaction free: the proton is made of free partons. This is only true to a certain degree: leading twist. The so-called higher-twist contributions are sensitive to parton offshellness, transverse ...
Feeling the Future again
... whereas conscious moments cannot exist in a timeless description of the world. As Smolin [13] says “qualia can only be real properties of a world where “now” has an intrinsic meaning so that statements about now are true non-relationally and without contingency. These are the case only in a temporal ...
... whereas conscious moments cannot exist in a timeless description of the world. As Smolin [13] says “qualia can only be real properties of a world where “now” has an intrinsic meaning so that statements about now are true non-relationally and without contingency. These are the case only in a temporal ...
1 Reminders from 1-dimensional calculus
... is because limits in several variables are more complicated than limits in one variable. Here is an even worse example. Example 5: The function ...
... is because limits in several variables are more complicated than limits in one variable. Here is an even worse example. Example 5: The function ...
- Philsci
... the context of the search for a quantum theory of gravity according to which physical space may have more than four dimensions (as e.g. in string theory): these proposals do not call into question the contrast between a configuration space as a mathematical space employed to represent the physical r ...
... the context of the search for a quantum theory of gravity according to which physical space may have more than four dimensions (as e.g. in string theory): these proposals do not call into question the contrast between a configuration space as a mathematical space employed to represent the physical r ...
Spinless composite fermions in an ultrahigh
... cyclotron energy to the spin splitting is about 3, yielding g ≈ (2me /m)/3 ≈ 7.4, where we have used the effective hole mass m ≈ 0.09 me [18,26]. We can then estimate the Zeeman energy at ν = 3/2 as Ez = gμB B3/2 ≈ 40 K. Using the composite fermion effective mass obtained below, we find that this va ...
... cyclotron energy to the spin splitting is about 3, yielding g ≈ (2me /m)/3 ≈ 7.4, where we have used the effective hole mass m ≈ 0.09 me [18,26]. We can then estimate the Zeeman energy at ν = 3/2 as Ez = gμB B3/2 ≈ 40 K. Using the composite fermion effective mass obtained below, we find that this va ...
final 1114Fall13(A).tst
... Convert the rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, using radian measure for the angle. ...
... Convert the rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, using radian measure for the angle. ...
Identity in Physics: Statistics and the (Non
... If one doesn’t like this conclusion, it is an option to simply refrain from drawing metaphysical conclusions from the physics - but this is not what we are doing here. Making identity contextual à la Ladyman is also a solution, for if the identity of a thing is extrinsically determined by relations, ...
... If one doesn’t like this conclusion, it is an option to simply refrain from drawing metaphysical conclusions from the physics - but this is not what we are doing here. Making identity contextual à la Ladyman is also a solution, for if the identity of a thing is extrinsically determined by relations, ...
Main
... Introduction.– Deutsch’s algorithm is not only the first quantum algorithm but also one of the simplest [1]. Although the algorithm was working probabilistically in its original form, it has not been difficult to improve it to a deterministic one [2, 3]. The Deutsch algorithm involves two qubits and ...
... Introduction.– Deutsch’s algorithm is not only the first quantum algorithm but also one of the simplest [1]. Although the algorithm was working probabilistically in its original form, it has not been difficult to improve it to a deterministic one [2, 3]. The Deutsch algorithm involves two qubits and ...
11 L unreasonable math
... • Invariance under other externalities • Doesn’t matter if it’s sunny or cloudy ...
... • Invariance under other externalities • Doesn’t matter if it’s sunny or cloudy ...
QIPC 2011
... exponentially big in number of electrons – now Fock vectors are in terms of orbitals, not positions – identify orthogonal states that differ slightly , i.e., electron moved from one orbital to another, or one spin flipped. This pair is a good candidate for a qubit: • Fermionic statistics don’t ma ...
... exponentially big in number of electrons – now Fock vectors are in terms of orbitals, not positions – identify orthogonal states that differ slightly , i.e., electron moved from one orbital to another, or one spin flipped. This pair is a good candidate for a qubit: • Fermionic statistics don’t ma ...
Notes
... There is a famous theorem of Cayley that says that the number of trees on a set with n elements is nn−2 for each n ≥ 1. This theorem has many proofs; one is given below. Sometimes it is useful to consider a graph with a particular vertex that may be used as a starting point. A rooted graph is a pair ...
... There is a famous theorem of Cayley that says that the number of trees on a set with n elements is nn−2 for each n ≥ 1. This theorem has many proofs; one is given below. Sometimes it is useful to consider a graph with a particular vertex that may be used as a starting point. A rooted graph is a pair ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.