stringcos2012-final Jae Weon Lee
... I think of my lifetime in physics as divided into three periods. In the first period, extending from the beginning of my career until the early 1950's, I was in the grip of the idea that Everything Is Particles…. I call my second period Everything Is Fields. From the time I fell in love with general ...
... I think of my lifetime in physics as divided into three periods. In the first period, extending from the beginning of my career until the early 1950's, I was in the grip of the idea that Everything Is Particles…. I call my second period Everything Is Fields. From the time I fell in love with general ...
A Quantum Information Processing Explanation of Disjunction Effects
... or compete with another business on some high tech venture. For example, this other business may have some technical skills that are needed for success. Suppose this decision also depends on whether the other business is trustworthy or untrustworthy. According to a quantum approach, prior to express ...
... or compete with another business on some high tech venture. For example, this other business may have some technical skills that are needed for success. Suppose this decision also depends on whether the other business is trustworthy or untrustworthy. According to a quantum approach, prior to express ...
(pdf)
... measure a vector |ψi = α|0i + β|1i, we will obtain the state |0i with probability |α|2 and the state |1i with probability |β|2 , and these probabilities must sum to one. Remark: Multiplying |ψi by a factor eıφ (φ real) results in an indistinguishable state, since for any complex number α, |α eıφ |2 ...
... measure a vector |ψi = α|0i + β|1i, we will obtain the state |0i with probability |α|2 and the state |1i with probability |β|2 , and these probabilities must sum to one. Remark: Multiplying |ψi by a factor eıφ (φ real) results in an indistinguishable state, since for any complex number α, |α eıφ |2 ...
What is CPH_Theory - VBN
... structure of photon is an inevitable necessity. Due to this reason, CPH theory has formed based on a definition from the structure of photon. In recent decades, the structure of photon is discussed [1, 2 and 3]. In CPH Theory, description the structure of photon is based on the behavior of photons i ...
... structure of photon is an inevitable necessity. Due to this reason, CPH theory has formed based on a definition from the structure of photon. In recent decades, the structure of photon is discussed [1, 2 and 3]. In CPH Theory, description the structure of photon is based on the behavior of photons i ...
Two-orbital SU(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth
... the resulting SU (N ) spin symmetry (where N = 2I + 1 can be as large as 10) together with the possibility of combining (nuclear) spin physics with (electronic) orbital physics opens up a wide field of rich many-body systems with alkaline-earth atoms. In what follows, we derive the two-orbital SU (N ...
... the resulting SU (N ) spin symmetry (where N = 2I + 1 can be as large as 10) together with the possibility of combining (nuclear) spin physics with (electronic) orbital physics opens up a wide field of rich many-body systems with alkaline-earth atoms. In what follows, we derive the two-orbital SU (N ...
ISM 08
... term vanishes i.e. m2 (Φ) = 0. Similar story for gauge theory using lightcone gauge for convenience. Suppressing many details, but briefly, cubic/quartic interaction terms: multiplied by powers of gY M = eΦ/2 , unimportant near eΦ → 0. Thus we obtain weakly coupled Yang-Mills theory at the location ...
... term vanishes i.e. m2 (Φ) = 0. Similar story for gauge theory using lightcone gauge for convenience. Suppressing many details, but briefly, cubic/quartic interaction terms: multiplied by powers of gY M = eΦ/2 , unimportant near eΦ → 0. Thus we obtain weakly coupled Yang-Mills theory at the location ...
Single_QD_spectro
... optical and magnetic properties. These structures are predicted to have discrete atomiclike energy levels (Figure 1), and a spectrum of ultra-narrow transitions that is tunable with the size of the quantum dot. These are interesting because of the possible promising applications making use of these ...
... optical and magnetic properties. These structures are predicted to have discrete atomiclike energy levels (Figure 1), and a spectrum of ultra-narrow transitions that is tunable with the size of the quantum dot. These are interesting because of the possible promising applications making use of these ...
Physical Chemistry 2nd Edition
... between momentum and wavelength for light applying to particles. The de Broglie relation states that h ...
... between momentum and wavelength for light applying to particles. The de Broglie relation states that h ...
92, 054101 (2004)
... that there exists a critical value for the interaction strength, i.e., gc 1:96, above which the mean number of noncondensed atoms increases exponentially, indicating the instability of BEC. Below the critical point, the mean number of noncondensed atoms increases polynomially. As the nonlinear par ...
... that there exists a critical value for the interaction strength, i.e., gc 1:96, above which the mean number of noncondensed atoms increases exponentially, indicating the instability of BEC. Below the critical point, the mean number of noncondensed atoms increases polynomially. As the nonlinear par ...
The Quantum World
... way in which the radiant energy is distributed in equilibrium among its various frequencies (the spectrum, as we say) is independent of the details of the construction of the cavity. According to the general principles of thermodynamics it depends only on the temperature. Rayleigh and Jeans set to w ...
... way in which the radiant energy is distributed in equilibrium among its various frequencies (the spectrum, as we say) is independent of the details of the construction of the cavity. According to the general principles of thermodynamics it depends only on the temperature. Rayleigh and Jeans set to w ...
A statistical mechanics approach to the factorization problem
... Stochastic Monte Carlo methods have long been used to calculate thermal expectation values, as well as ground state properties, of statistical models. Depending on the model, and method, large systems can often be studied to high precision. Using cluster algorithms the critical temperature and other ...
... Stochastic Monte Carlo methods have long been used to calculate thermal expectation values, as well as ground state properties, of statistical models. Depending on the model, and method, large systems can often be studied to high precision. Using cluster algorithms the critical temperature and other ...
fulltext - DiVA portal
... In quantum chemical calculations the symmetries of the nuclear skeleton is of importance. By making use of the symmetry of the nuclear framework in a molecule, the computional efforts and time, can be reduced. This chapter gives an introduction to group theory. For further reading, see Ref. [4] A sy ...
... In quantum chemical calculations the symmetries of the nuclear skeleton is of importance. By making use of the symmetry of the nuclear framework in a molecule, the computional efforts and time, can be reduced. This chapter gives an introduction to group theory. For further reading, see Ref. [4] A sy ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.