quantum theory of atoms, molecules and their interaction with light
... There are several problems (˜60) embedded in the text, and their solution is strongly recommended for the students. In view of the author this is a necessary condition for getting a reliable knowledge of the subject, as is the case with any other physics subject. The electronic form made it possible ...
... There are several problems (˜60) embedded in the text, and their solution is strongly recommended for the students. In view of the author this is a necessary condition for getting a reliable knowledge of the subject, as is the case with any other physics subject. The electronic form made it possible ...
Interference-effects in the laser
... event. The first crossing happens during the first half-period of the oscillation in the excited state and splits the initial wave packet into two partial wave packets which are localised on two different potential curves then. The second crossing happens when the split partial wave packets return t ...
... event. The first crossing happens during the first half-period of the oscillation in the excited state and splits the initial wave packet into two partial wave packets which are localised on two different potential curves then. The second crossing happens when the split partial wave packets return t ...
On Participatory Realism
... day before he died), said, “I felt . . . that philosophers were very odd people who really were lost, because they have not the instinct that it is important to learn something and that we must be prepared really to learn something of very great importance . . . .” Instrumentalists don’t learn lesso ...
... day before he died), said, “I felt . . . that philosophers were very odd people who really were lost, because they have not the instinct that it is important to learn something and that we must be prepared really to learn something of very great importance . . . .” Instrumentalists don’t learn lesso ...
Quantum Computers - Computing Sciences
... The essence of quantum cryptography is a way of transmitting a cryptography key without allowing anyone else to listen on the line. Because of the nature of quantum superposition, if a spy was measuring the key while it was being transmitted, the receiver would be able to tell that someone else had ...
... The essence of quantum cryptography is a way of transmitting a cryptography key without allowing anyone else to listen on the line. Because of the nature of quantum superposition, if a spy was measuring the key while it was being transmitted, the receiver would be able to tell that someone else had ...
Multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage: classical transition induced by separatrix crossing
... using a model potential that gives the correct quantum defects of the Rydberg states. We are able to confirm that the results of the measurement are due to the microwave transitions described in [3]. We also performed threedimensional quantum calculations for H and found substantial (quantitative) d ...
... using a model potential that gives the correct quantum defects of the Rydberg states. We are able to confirm that the results of the measurement are due to the microwave transitions described in [3]. We also performed threedimensional quantum calculations for H and found substantial (quantitative) d ...
the quantum vacuum
... contributed to the specific heat of gases (Einstein and Stern, 1913). In 1916, NERNST wrote that the electromagnetic field should be, even in empty space and at absolute zero-point of temperature, i.e., in its ground state, in a state of ceaseless activity (the „quantum fluctuations“ of virtual phot ...
... contributed to the specific heat of gases (Einstein and Stern, 1913). In 1916, NERNST wrote that the electromagnetic field should be, even in empty space and at absolute zero-point of temperature, i.e., in its ground state, in a state of ceaseless activity (the „quantum fluctuations“ of virtual phot ...
Exponential Operator Algebra
... predicts the future path, as confirmed by experiments with real (admittedly not perfect) systems. But from the Hamiltonian we could also write down Schrödinger’s equation, and from that predict the future behavior of the system. Since we already know the answer from classical mechanics and experimen ...
... predicts the future path, as confirmed by experiments with real (admittedly not perfect) systems. But from the Hamiltonian we could also write down Schrödinger’s equation, and from that predict the future behavior of the system. Since we already know the answer from classical mechanics and experimen ...
A New Form of Matter (pdf, 217 kB)
... Says Ketterle: "Pictures of BECs can be regarded as photographs of wave functions" -- that is, solutions to Schrodinger's equation. Working independently in 1995, Eric Cornell (National Institute of Standards & Technology) and Carl Wieman (University of Colorado) also created BECs; theirs were made ...
... Says Ketterle: "Pictures of BECs can be regarded as photographs of wave functions" -- that is, solutions to Schrodinger's equation. Working independently in 1995, Eric Cornell (National Institute of Standards & Technology) and Carl Wieman (University of Colorado) also created BECs; theirs were made ...
Intro to Physics - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... Explain the relationship between impulse and change in momentum using the impulse-momentum theorem. Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem. Explain how impulse is influenced by changes in the acting force and the length of time the force acts. Explain why impulse is so important to safety ...
... Explain the relationship between impulse and change in momentum using the impulse-momentum theorem. Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem. Explain how impulse is influenced by changes in the acting force and the length of time the force acts. Explain why impulse is so important to safety ...
On the interaction of mesoscopic quantum systems with gravity
... inside black holes and near the Big Bang. The general belief is that only the inclusion of quantum theory can describe such situations. Quantum theory is of a universal nature, too. In contrast to GR, however, it gives the general frame for theories describing particular interactions. In fact, all k ...
... inside black holes and near the Big Bang. The general belief is that only the inclusion of quantum theory can describe such situations. Quantum theory is of a universal nature, too. In contrast to GR, however, it gives the general frame for theories describing particular interactions. In fact, all k ...
Quantum information processing by nuclear magnetic resonance
... theory, not to expand our understanding and control of the physical world, but to exploit the quantum behavior of the physical world as a novel way to encode and process information. The information is primary; the underlying physical system only matters as a vehicle for that information. Quantum co ...
... theory, not to expand our understanding and control of the physical world, but to exploit the quantum behavior of the physical world as a novel way to encode and process information. The information is primary; the underlying physical system only matters as a vehicle for that information. Quantum co ...
Bohr model - Net Texts
... Werner Heisenberg. Another form of the same theory, modern quantum mechanics, was discovered by the Austrian physicist Erwin SchrÇdinger independently and by different reasoning. ...
... Werner Heisenberg. Another form of the same theory, modern quantum mechanics, was discovered by the Austrian physicist Erwin SchrÇdinger independently and by different reasoning. ...
Localization and the Integer Quantum Hall effect
... the mobility edge between extended and localized states. (This picture corresponds to t ∼ W , and the bandwidth is of the same order.) (b). critical divergence of localization length, as a function of eigenstate energy (c). [not included here](A lecture on Anderson Loc. would also show a graph of th ...
... the mobility edge between extended and localized states. (This picture corresponds to t ∼ W , and the bandwidth is of the same order.) (b). critical divergence of localization length, as a function of eigenstate energy (c). [not included here](A lecture on Anderson Loc. would also show a graph of th ...
Powerpoint 7/13
... much memory. With quantum computers, as with classical stochastic computers, one must also ask ‘and with what probability?’ We have seen that the minimum computation time for certain tasks can be lower for Q than for T . Complexity theory for Q deserves further investigation.” Q = quantum computers ...
... much memory. With quantum computers, as with classical stochastic computers, one must also ask ‘and with what probability?’ We have seen that the minimum computation time for certain tasks can be lower for Q than for T . Complexity theory for Q deserves further investigation.” Q = quantum computers ...
Quantum Entanglement: Where Dark Energy and Negative Gravity
... Noting the result of point (2.5) we see that Einstein’s equation may be viewed as based on an arithmetic average density or “volume” of 5D Kaluza-Klein space which does not differentiate between fractals due to voids and the voids in spacetime themselves and consequently Einstein’s energy density is ...
... Noting the result of point (2.5) we see that Einstein’s equation may be viewed as based on an arithmetic average density or “volume” of 5D Kaluza-Klein space which does not differentiate between fractals due to voids and the voids in spacetime themselves and consequently Einstein’s energy density is ...
Decoherence - Center for Ultracold Atoms
... and a summary of the most important results are each explained in a sub-section below. Decoherence Decoherence is of fundamental theoretical importance for any quantum system interacting with its environment, and it is the major practical obstacle for large scale quantum computing. Our three recent ...
... and a summary of the most important results are each explained in a sub-section below. Decoherence Decoherence is of fundamental theoretical importance for any quantum system interacting with its environment, and it is the major practical obstacle for large scale quantum computing. Our three recent ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.