Matthew Neeley, , 722 (2009); DOI: 10.1126/science.1173440
... This parity difference leads to the symmetric statistics of bosons (or antisymmetric statistics of fermions) under exchange, as described by the spin-statistics theorem (14, 15). The effect of 2p-rotations was first observed on spins s = 1/2 via neutron interferometry (16, 17) and later for s = 1 an ...
... This parity difference leads to the symmetric statistics of bosons (or antisymmetric statistics of fermions) under exchange, as described by the spin-statistics theorem (14, 15). The effect of 2p-rotations was first observed on spins s = 1/2 via neutron interferometry (16, 17) and later for s = 1 an ...
QuantumDynamics_QuickView
... One half of the sum of a complex number and its complex conjugate is the real part of that complex number. This cumbersome notation ensures that the applied electric field is a real-valued plane wave. Re[z] = ½ (z + z*). If you reviewed the properties of such a wave, you would find that the magnitud ...
... One half of the sum of a complex number and its complex conjugate is the real part of that complex number. This cumbersome notation ensures that the applied electric field is a real-valued plane wave. Re[z] = ½ (z + z*). If you reviewed the properties of such a wave, you would find that the magnitud ...
Forward and backward time observables for quantum evolution and
... and the a priori time asymmetry existing in the formalism from which they arise, one may naturally ask whether these operators can be used as time observables not only for a quantum system undergoing Schrödinger evolution but more generally for quantum irreversible processes such as quantum stochas ...
... and the a priori time asymmetry existing in the formalism from which they arise, one may naturally ask whether these operators can be used as time observables not only for a quantum system undergoing Schrödinger evolution but more generally for quantum irreversible processes such as quantum stochas ...
L. Fortunato - INFN Padova
... Message to be taken with you • Some simple models are “naturally” written in terms of creation and annihilation operators. • To them we can always associate an algebra that brings with itself a dynamical symmetry. • By knowing how to deal mathematically with the algebra one can get analytic solutio ...
... Message to be taken with you • Some simple models are “naturally” written in terms of creation and annihilation operators. • To them we can always associate an algebra that brings with itself a dynamical symmetry. • By knowing how to deal mathematically with the algebra one can get analytic solutio ...
Irreversibility and the Arrow of Time in a Quenched
... molecular motors to car engines [3]. Starting with Boltzmann’s work on the so-called H theorem, the quest for a general microscopic expression for the entropy production, especially far from equilibrium, has been a challenge for more than a century [1]. In the last years, formulas for the entropy pr ...
... molecular motors to car engines [3]. Starting with Boltzmann’s work on the so-called H theorem, the quest for a general microscopic expression for the entropy production, especially far from equilibrium, has been a challenge for more than a century [1]. In the last years, formulas for the entropy pr ...
The Quantum Measurement Problem: State of Play - Philsci
... Ashgate Companion to the New Philosophy of Physics. In it, I aim to review, in a way accessible to foundationally interested physicists as well as physics-informed philosophers, just where we have got to in the quest for a solution to the measurement problem. I don’t advocate any particular approach ...
... Ashgate Companion to the New Philosophy of Physics. In it, I aim to review, in a way accessible to foundationally interested physicists as well as physics-informed philosophers, just where we have got to in the quest for a solution to the measurement problem. I don’t advocate any particular approach ...
Solid-state quantum computing using spectral holes M. S. Shahriar, P. R. Hemmer,
... Consider a situation where each atom has a ⌳-type transition, with two nondegenerate spin states coupled to a single optically excited state, as shown in Fig. 1. For two atoms separated by a frequency matching the energy difference between the low-lying states, choose a cavity frequency that excites ...
... Consider a situation where each atom has a ⌳-type transition, with two nondegenerate spin states coupled to a single optically excited state, as shown in Fig. 1. For two atoms separated by a frequency matching the energy difference between the low-lying states, choose a cavity frequency that excites ...
Maximally entangling tripartite protocols for Josephson phase qubits *
... g!XX + YY" + g̃ZZ. We base our approach on the idea that implementing symmetric states may conveniently be done by symmetrical control of all the qubits in the system. This bears a resemblance to approaches routinely used in digital electronics: while an arbitrary gate !for example, a three-bit gate ...
... g!XX + YY" + g̃ZZ. We base our approach on the idea that implementing symmetric states may conveniently be done by symmetrical control of all the qubits in the system. This bears a resemblance to approaches routinely used in digital electronics: while an arbitrary gate !for example, a three-bit gate ...
(2)
... be (R, P). These quantities are vectors and while we shall not indicate this fact by special notation their vector character will be evident from the context in which they appear. The evolution equation for the mixed quantum classical system we use is7,8 ...
... be (R, P). These quantities are vectors and while we shall not indicate this fact by special notation their vector character will be evident from the context in which they appear. The evolution equation for the mixed quantum classical system we use is7,8 ...
Quantum entanglement, topological order, and tensor category theory
... (1) every electron dances around clock-wise (ΦFQH only depends on z = x + iy ) (2) takes exactly three steps to go around any others (ΦFQH ’s phase change 6π) ...
... (1) every electron dances around clock-wise (ΦFQH only depends on z = x + iy ) (2) takes exactly three steps to go around any others (ΦFQH ’s phase change 6π) ...
Max Born
Max Born (German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"".Born was born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław. He entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of ""Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space"", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.In the First World War after originally being placed as a radio operator, due to his specialist knowledge he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard text book. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany. He died in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970.