
Five Lecture Course on Basic Physics of
... Quasiparticle Excitations in a Superconductor We have discussed ground state properties of a superconductor. What about its excited states? These may contribute at finite temperatures or when the superconductor is exposed to external time dependent fields. Similary to a normal metal, low energy exci ...
... Quasiparticle Excitations in a Superconductor We have discussed ground state properties of a superconductor. What about its excited states? These may contribute at finite temperatures or when the superconductor is exposed to external time dependent fields. Similary to a normal metal, low energy exci ...
Switching via quantum activation: A parametrically modulated oscillator 兲
... oscillator was studied experimentally for electrons in Penning traps 关35,36兴. The measured switching rate 关36兴 agreed quantitatively with the theory 关37兴. A quantum parametric oscillator also does not have detailed balance in the general case. The results presented below show that breaking the speci ...
... oscillator was studied experimentally for electrons in Penning traps 关35,36兴. The measured switching rate 关36兴 agreed quantitatively with the theory 关37兴. A quantum parametric oscillator also does not have detailed balance in the general case. The results presented below show that breaking the speci ...
Strong time operators associated with generalized
... was derived in the framework for the energy-time uncertainty relation in [KA94]. See also e.g. [Fuj80, FWY80, GYS81-1, GYS81-2]. A strong connection with the decay of survival probability was pointed out by [Miy01], where the weak Weyl relation was introduced and then strong time operators were disc ...
... was derived in the framework for the energy-time uncertainty relation in [KA94]. See also e.g. [Fuj80, FWY80, GYS81-1, GYS81-2]. A strong connection with the decay of survival probability was pointed out by [Miy01], where the weak Weyl relation was introduced and then strong time operators were disc ...
Topological Order and the Kitaev Model
... is embedded into; thus, only a change in the internal pattern or topological order (implying a change on ν for the cited state) can induce a change in the ground state degeneracy, since topological order is a property of the ground state of the system. The features of topologically ordered systems a ...
... is embedded into; thus, only a change in the internal pattern or topological order (implying a change on ν for the cited state) can induce a change in the ground state degeneracy, since topological order is a property of the ground state of the system. The features of topologically ordered systems a ...
Observable and hidden singular features of large fluctuations
... kept in (2) in the range of q where the distance between the sheets of Sa (q) greatly exceeds D. Therefore the top sheet of So(q) is "invisible" away from the cusp, and the trajectories coming to the middle sheet of the LM in Fig. 2 drop out of the game. Two lower sheets of the action, S~1) and Sa~2 ...
... kept in (2) in the range of q where the distance between the sheets of Sa (q) greatly exceeds D. Therefore the top sheet of So(q) is "invisible" away from the cusp, and the trajectories coming to the middle sheet of the LM in Fig. 2 drop out of the game. Two lower sheets of the action, S~1) and Sa~2 ...
Quantum-Secure Message Authentication Codes
... proving quantum lower bounds overcomes these difficulties and is a general tool that can be used in other quantum security proofs. We note that Velema [Vel13] has since reproved Theorem 1.1 using a generalization of the polynomial method, showing that the above difficulties can also be overcome usin ...
... proving quantum lower bounds overcomes these difficulties and is a general tool that can be used in other quantum security proofs. We note that Velema [Vel13] has since reproved Theorem 1.1 using a generalization of the polynomial method, showing that the above difficulties can also be overcome usin ...
Quantum process tomography of two-qubit controlled-Z
... mined from a fit to the data, consistent with the designed capacitance Cc. The avoided crossing for the two-photon line at ⌬i ⯝ 0.066 gives a splitting of 9.7⫾ 0.2 MHz, about 冑2 / 2 times as large as the main resonance, as expected from a 兩11典 and 兩02典 interaction. The slope of the resonance between ...
... mined from a fit to the data, consistent with the designed capacitance Cc. The avoided crossing for the two-photon line at ⌬i ⯝ 0.066 gives a splitting of 9.7⫾ 0.2 MHz, about 冑2 / 2 times as large as the main resonance, as expected from a 兩11典 and 兩02典 interaction. The slope of the resonance between ...
Bachelor study program in physics
... projects that finance the mobility of such students (mainly scholarships, which cover accommodation expenses during studies in a partner-university). DPh has twice realised such TEMPUS project. Initially in the academic year of 1993/94 it was an experimental project of one year and later in 1994-199 ...
... projects that finance the mobility of such students (mainly scholarships, which cover accommodation expenses during studies in a partner-university). DPh has twice realised such TEMPUS project. Initially in the academic year of 1993/94 it was an experimental project of one year and later in 1994-199 ...
Max Born

Max Born (German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"".Born was born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław. He entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of ""Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space"", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.In the First World War after originally being placed as a radio operator, due to his specialist knowledge he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard text book. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany. He died in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970.