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the lysis/lysogeny switch in phage \lambda
the lysis/lysogeny switch in phage \lambda

... Question: How does the phage switch from one state to the other? ...
The Evolutionary Reduction Principle for Linear Variation in Genetic
The Evolutionary Reduction Principle for Linear Variation in Genetic

... et al. (2007); Odling-Smee (2007). This concept follows quite naturally from the concept of generalized transmission that appears in models of cultural transmission and modifier genes. These first reduction results were derived under narrow constraints on the selection regime, number of modifier all ...
Mapping avirulence genes in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea
Mapping avirulence genes in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

... Abstract. The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea is involved in specific interactions with rice cultivars. Fungal strains with avirulence genes are non-pathogenic to rice cultivars with the corresponding race-specific resistance genes. Unravelling the molecular basis of such interactions requires th ...
Notes - Bruce Owen
Notes - Bruce Owen

... − the "nature versus nurture" question is: which is the main determinant of how individuals turn out (their phenotype)? − Answer: both, because they are inseparable; you can't have one without the other − Each individual's phenotype is the result of the interaction of both genes and environment − Yo ...
controlling flowering time and plant height in
controlling flowering time and plant height in

... more additional QTL in the same linkage group as the QTL detected by marker-regression. The sizes and locations of the additional QTL are not known. ...
Principles of Natural Selection
Principles of Natural Selection

... Not all cave salamanders are the same due to genetic differences. Some cave salamanders are better adapted (just by luck!) to their environment. More salamanders are produced than can survive. There is competition for limited resources. Blind cave salamanders are able to smell food more easily. Thos ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

...  X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated  X-inactivation occurs so that the female, with two X chromosomes, does not have twice as many X chromosome gene products as the male, which only posse ...
Artificial selection on introduced Asian haplotypes shaped the
Artificial selection on introduced Asian haplotypes shaped the

... overall DEBV mean of the population, Ri is the count of AS of the region i, aj is the additive genetic effect estimated using a pedigree-based relationship matrix, and eij the residual error. The weighting factor w was used in the association analyses to account for the differences in the amount of ...
A genome-wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis
A genome-wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis

... few good options for treatment of symptoms. OA is a complex disease in which both environmental and genetic factors play an important role. Primary OA has an estimated heritability of 40% for the knee, 60% for the hip, and 65% for the hand (1). Identifying the genes underlying the genetic background ...
The Perceived Personal Control (PPC) questionnaire: reliability and
The Perceived Personal Control (PPC) questionnaire: reliability and

... framework, it is the person-centered approach. Authenticity was expected to correlate positively with PPC, as both concepts reflect aspects of self-determination. However, the size of the correlation was expected to be small, because Authenticity reflects self-determination in a very general sense, ...
Heredity of rover/sitter: Alternative foraging
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... and sitters. We made a priori comparisons of crosses (Hays, 1981) to analyze behavioural differences between rover and sitter parental strains. This permitted detection of significant contributions made by autosomes, sex-chromosomes, permanent cytoplasmic factors, transient maternal factors and inte ...
structural optimization with genetic algorithms and particle swarm
structural optimization with genetic algorithms and particle swarm

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Sager JJ, Bai Q, Burton EA
Sager JJ, Bai Q, Burton EA

... and analysis has been developed. Recently it has become apparent that these powerful methodologies might be deployed in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative diseases and to identify candidate therapeutic approaches. In this article, we consider evidence that the zebrafish c ...
Apolipoprotein E Testing for Alzheimer Disease
Apolipoprotein E Testing for Alzheimer Disease

... who account for 88% of persons having at least one epsilon-4 allele, will develop AD.[9,13] The epsilon-4 allele has moderate specificity for AD, with estimates ranging from 0.75 to 0.81.[9,23] APOE status is a strong predictor of patients' ultimate outcome once they have been designated as having a ...
4b. Pedigree Analysis in Humans
4b. Pedigree Analysis in Humans

... to be pedigrees within their own right. If one considered pedigrees 1, 2 and 3, they are all noninformative in terms of mode of inheritance of the trait. Each of the four modes of inheritance we have considered could apply in each case. On the other hand, pedigree 4 is completely informative. It can ...
Mendel`s Accountant: A New Population Genetics Simulation Tool
Mendel`s Accountant: A New Population Genetics Simulation Tool

... individual mutations in a sizable population over many generations, efficient use of memory would be a critical issue – even with the large amount of memory commonly available on current generation computers. We therefore selected an approach that uses a single 32-bit (four-byte) integer to encode a ...
Distinguishing genotype and phenotype in genetic programming
Distinguishing genotype and phenotype in genetic programming

... Using a tuple genotype has the immediate advantage that conventional GA engines can be used to produce programs. In principle, the true GADS data type is the list rather than the tuple; but a tuple can be seen as a list of limited length. Using a generator to convert from genotypes to phenotypes is ...
Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection Homunculi Rule
Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection Homunculi Rule

... examples, and it has more novel ideas within its pages than any two other recent books in the field that I can think of. It has opened my mind on several key issues and changed my mind as well; it is also provoked me to come up with what I hope are better defenses of some of the points of my positio ...
Lab 2
Lab 2

... comes up. Follow the on-screen instructions. Click on the computer image to order flies. In the computer options screen, click on order flies. In the right hand menu, locate the mutant phenotype from one of your two cards and click on it, to select a female with the trait. In the left panel, click o ...
pedigree charts - Duplin County Schools
pedigree charts - Duplin County Schools

... You cannot make humans of different types breed together just to study the possibilities of offspring genetics.  So pedigree charts offer an ethical way of studying human genetics.  Today genetic engineering has new tools to offer doctors studying genetic diseases  A genetic counsellor can use pe ...
Creative Activities in Music – A Genome
Creative Activities in Music – A Genome

... Creative activities in music represent cognitive functions of the human brain. A creative performance can be defined as a production of work or performance that is both original and appropriate for the situation in which it occurs [1–3]. Creativity requires the presence of several traits including i ...
Imputation-Based Fine-Mapping Suggests that Most QTL in an
Imputation-Based Fine-Mapping Suggests that Most QTL in an

... complex traits (Hill 2005). Most traits of interest in animal breeding (e.g. production of eggs ...
Cytogenetic and fragile X testing in a group of Romanian autistic
Cytogenetic and fragile X testing in a group of Romanian autistic

... and other recognizable features (Sharp et al 2007; Andrieux et al 2009; El-Hattab et al 2010; Mefford et al 2012). In our study, the 15q chromosome deletion appears to be terminal and to include the aforementioned regions q23-q25. Since this deletion was identified in a small percentage of cells (4% ...
Laboratory 4 Patterns of Inheritance (human)
Laboratory 4 Patterns of Inheritance (human)

... relative to ring finger length can predict how inclined that man is to be physically aggressive. Women do not show a similar effect. A psychologist at the University of Alberta, Hurd said that it has been known for more than a century that the length of the index finger relative to the ring finger d ...
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Heritability of IQ

Research on heritability of IQ infers from the similarity of IQ in closely related persons the proportion of variance of IQ among individuals in a study population that is associated with genetic variation within that population. This provides a maximum estimate of genetic versus environmental influence for phenotypic variation in IQ in that population. ""Heritability"", in this sense, ""refers to the genetic contribution to variance within a population and in a specific environment"". There has been significant controversy in the academic community about the heritability of IQ since research on the issue began in the late nineteenth century. Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait. However, certain single gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence, with phenylketonuria as an example.Estimates in the academic research of the heritability of IQ have varied from below 0.5 to a high of 0.8 (where 1.0 indicates that monozygotic twins have no variance in IQ and 0 indicates that their IQs are completely uncorrelated). Some studies have found that heritability is lower in families of low socioeconomic status. IQ heritability increases during early childhood, but it is unclear whether it stabilizes thereafter. A 1996 statement by the American Psychological Association gave about 0.45 for children and about .75 during and after adolescence. A 2004 meta-analysis of reports in Current Directions in Psychological Science gave an overall estimate of around 0.85 for 18-year-olds and older. The general figure for heritability of IQ is about 0.5 across multiple studies in varying populations. Recent studies suggest that family environment (i.e., upbringing) has negligible long-lasting effects upon adult IQ.
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