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Heredity: Life Goes On
Heredity: Life Goes On

... allergies is inherited. If a parent has allergies, there is a one in four (25%) chance that their child will also have allergy problems. This risk increases if both parents have allergies2. ...
CHAPTER 1: Introduction During the past century some major
CHAPTER 1: Introduction During the past century some major

... 2. A steady-state rate at which neutral mutations are fixed in a population (k) equals the neutral mutation rate: k = fneutral μ, where fneutral is the proportion of all mutations that are neutral and μ is the mutation rate. 3. The level of polymorphism in a population (θ) is a function of the neutr ...
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... Imagine that there is a single QTL, at position z between two (flanking) markers Let qi = genotype of mouse i at the QTL, and assume yi | qi ~ Normal( qi , 2 ) We won’t know qi, but we can calculate pig = Pr(qi = g | marker data) Then, yi, given the marker data, follows a mixture of normal distrib ...
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Name: :
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... Gregor Mendel used mathematical analysis or garden pea plants to develop the laws of genetics. In this investigation, you will mimic his experiments by studying traits carried on human chromosomes. Recall that each sperm cell and egg cell carried only one genes for any trait, and when these cells fu ...
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Teacher notes and student sheets
Teacher notes and student sheets

... of a particular chemical in their blood. Those who have too much of the chemical, phenylalanine, are then looked at more closely. That is because some of them will have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If they do, their cells cannot make a particular protein, an enzyme, which helps them d ...
Mendelian Traits
Mendelian Traits

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction During the past century some major
CHAPTER 1: Introduction During the past century some major

... Neo-Darwinists thought that natural selection was the most important mechanism to explain evolution in the detriment of drift and other non-adaptive variation. In a first attempt to measure variation, two different models emerged. The ‘classical model’ supported the role of natural selection in pur ...
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Heritability of IQ

Research on heritability of IQ infers from the similarity of IQ in closely related persons the proportion of variance of IQ among individuals in a study population that is associated with genetic variation within that population. This provides a maximum estimate of genetic versus environmental influence for phenotypic variation in IQ in that population. ""Heritability"", in this sense, ""refers to the genetic contribution to variance within a population and in a specific environment"". There has been significant controversy in the academic community about the heritability of IQ since research on the issue began in the late nineteenth century. Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait. However, certain single gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence, with phenylketonuria as an example.Estimates in the academic research of the heritability of IQ have varied from below 0.5 to a high of 0.8 (where 1.0 indicates that monozygotic twins have no variance in IQ and 0 indicates that their IQs are completely uncorrelated). Some studies have found that heritability is lower in families of low socioeconomic status. IQ heritability increases during early childhood, but it is unclear whether it stabilizes thereafter. A 1996 statement by the American Psychological Association gave about 0.45 for children and about .75 during and after adolescence. A 2004 meta-analysis of reports in Current Directions in Psychological Science gave an overall estimate of around 0.85 for 18-year-olds and older. The general figure for heritability of IQ is about 0.5 across multiple studies in varying populations. Recent studies suggest that family environment (i.e., upbringing) has negligible long-lasting effects upon adult IQ.
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