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Chapter Seven
Chapter Seven

... experienced along with a neutral stimulus that does not, until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the first stimulus ...
Mechanisms of Notch Signaling Potentiating Survival During
Mechanisms of Notch Signaling Potentiating Survival During

... including m-α • Inhibit m-α in NICD over-expression background and see if flies still survive ...
Aberrant Epigenetic Regulation Could Explain the Relationship of
Aberrant Epigenetic Regulation Could Explain the Relationship of

... chromosome is randomly silenced by a nontranslating RNA called the X inactive–specific transcript36 and other changes resulting in a 50:50 mosaic of cells with the paternal or maternal X chromosome inactivated. Deviations from this norm are common37–39 and more than 15% of genes on the inactivated X ...
Variants in the 1q21 risk region are associated with a visual
Variants in the 1q21 risk region are associated with a visual

... our understanding of disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet the link between genotype and phenotype in these cases is not straightforward. Psychological disorders arise through complex interactions between genes, regulatory networks and environmental factors, and phe ...
b) Phenotypic ratio: 2:2
b) Phenotypic ratio: 2:2

... 8. A number of plant species have a recessive allele for albinism; making homozygous albino individuals unable to synthesize chlorophyll. If a heterozygous tobacco plant is allowed to self pollinate and 500 of its seeds germinate… a. How many of these offspring will be expected to have the same gen ...
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and

... online) indicated that many of those new sequences were indeed substantially more similar to GIN1 than the sequences previously described as its closest relatives, derived from retrotransposons of the Mdg1 clade (Lloréns and Marı́n 2001). Therefore, all the animal sequences that were potentially in ...
Autism spectrum disorder in Phelan
Autism spectrum disorder in Phelan

... small set of molecular pathways, including those critical for synaptic development and plasticity [2]. One such risk gene is the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) gene [3–5], which lies on the distal long arm of chromosome 22 and whose protein product (by the same name) acts as a ...
Dissecting differential gene expression within the circadian neuronal
Dissecting differential gene expression within the circadian neuronal

... tissues. In Drosophila, the core feedback loop consists of the trans­ criptional activator CLOCK (CLK) and its partner CYCLE (CYC), which form a heterodimer and activate the transcription of period and timeless. The period (PER) and timeless (TIM) proteins then dimerize and inhibit their own transcr ...
«Утверждаю»
«Утверждаю»

... Achievements and discoveries of Biology are of great importance for the development and progress of biomedical and clinical disciplines. Study of Medical genetics provides understanding of a molecular basis of cell structure and functioning, control action of genes, template-directed synthesis, sign ...
The Promises and Pitfalls of Genoeconomics
The Promises and Pitfalls of Genoeconomics

... Human DNA is composed of a sequence of approximately 3 billion pairs of nucleotide molecules, each of which can be indexed by its location in the sequence.1 This long sequence—the human genome—has subsequences called genes. Humans are believed to have 20,000–25,000 genes. Each gene provides the inst ...
Bio II Ch 15 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Bio II Ch 15 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... homozygous. Heterozygous females will be carriers. • Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because males are hemizygous for the X chromosome. • The chance of a female inheriting a double dose of the mutant allele is much less than the chance of a male inheriting a single do ...
123 Author`s personal copy
123 Author`s personal copy

... according to which chromosomes are the physical basis of genes. From the moment when this technique was designed, the construction and analysis of the genetic maps of Drosophila melanogaster became the object of a research program on which the geneticists’ efforts concentrated for at least two decad ...
Machine Learning for Clinical Diagnosis from Functional Magnetic
Machine Learning for Clinical Diagnosis from Functional Magnetic

... in the form “fMRI activity in brain region R is on average greater when performing task T than when in control condition C.”[15] In this paper, we consider a different pattern recognition problem (Figure 1): training classifiers to automatically separate different groups of human subjects based on th ...
123 Author`s personal copy
123 Author`s personal copy

... according to which chromosomes are the physical basis of genes. From the moment when this technique was designed, the construction and analysis of the genetic maps of Drosophila melanogaster became the object of a research program on which the geneticists’ efforts concentrated for at least two decad ...
BIOLOGY 181 Lab # 10 Mendelian Genetics in Corn INTRODUCTION
BIOLOGY 181 Lab # 10 Mendelian Genetics in Corn INTRODUCTION

... recessive for that trait and your genotype is pp. If you lack a long palmar muscle in either arm, your genotype is PP. Presence of the trait in only one arm suggests that you are heterozygous for the trait, and your genotype is Pp. This trait is an example of incomplete dominance. ...
Chapter 13: Heredity
Chapter 13: Heredity

... Science Journal Look at the picture below with a classmate. Discuss what you think this might be or what is happening. Here’s a hint: The secret to why you look the way you do is found in this picture. Write your answer or best guess in your Science Journal. ...
Heredity and Development: Second Edition
Heredity and Development: Second Edition

... numbers of offspring. In addition, the crosses themselves added considerably to genetic theory in that they were the first well-analyzed cases of sex-linked inheritance. The fact that the genetic results exactly paralleled the behavior of the B chromosome was strong evidence that the gene responsibl ...
Discovering biclusters in gene expression data based on high
Discovering biclusters in gene expression data based on high

... taken into account. Moreover, cMonkey attempts to ensure that a greater percentage of genes that are observed in the data set are included in at least one cluster, while reducing redundancy between overlapping biclusters and maximizing the number of conditions that are included in each bicluster. Th ...
Alternative Splicing A very short introduction (in plants)
Alternative Splicing A very short introduction (in plants)

... Biological importance of AS So far, AS has been implicated in a number of biologically important roles including: ...
Schlichting, CD and Smith, H
Schlichting, CD and Smith, H

... life cycles (e.g., seed germination, competition, reproduction) are controlled by different members of this gene family. The mechanistic details of the cell and molecular biology of phytochrome gene action (e.g., their effects on expression of other genes) is outlined. Plasticity of cells and organism ...
Nuclear Genes That Encode Mitochondrial Proteins
Nuclear Genes That Encode Mitochondrial Proteins

... Identification of Mitochondrial DNA and RNA Metabolism Loci on Chromosome III in Arabidopsis An extensive survey of the Arabidopsis genome for genes that might be involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance functions revealed the presence of a number of genes on chromosome III that appeared to enco ...
Coding Regions of MSX1 do not Contribute to Non
Coding Regions of MSX1 do not Contribute to Non

... the onset of NS-CL/P. Due to some reasons, we were unable to detect any variations in our patients. We recruited 100 NS-CL/P unrelated patients having no family history of any genetical disease. As this anomaly is believed to be multigenic, MSX1 may not be the candidate gene for this phenotype in ou ...
The evolution of genomic imprinting and X
The evolution of genomic imprinting and X

... One of the aspects of the PEG10 domain evolution which sets it apart from the other loci was its stepwise evolution. Only PEG10 from this locus was imprinted in marsupials, while the two neighbouring genes from this region, which are imprinted in humans and mice, appeared to be bi-allelically expre ...
Making evolutionary predictions about the structure of development
Making evolutionary predictions about the structure of development

... Defining what is a small or gradual change is relative and there has been lengthy discussion about it (Mayr , Gould and Eldredge ). The question of the nature of morphological variation (question ) has been directly addressed much less frequently (Alberch , Goodwin , Newman and Müll ...
Minimal model of strategy switching in the plus
Minimal model of strategy switching in the plus

... navigating in the plus maze have demonstrated that different neuronal populations were active depending on which strategy is currently in use [8]. When rats had learned that the correct strategy was a place-based one, a subpopulation of neurons were highly active. When the reward contingency changed ...
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Biology and consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, sociology and economics in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do. However, little literature has considered the link between our consumption behaviour and the basics of our being, our biology. Segmentation by biological driven demographics such as sex and age are already popular and pervasive in marketing. As more knowledge and research is known, targeting based on a consumers biology is of growing interest and use to marketers.As human machines being made up of cells controlled by our brain to influence aspects of our behaviour, there must be some influence of biology on our consumer behaviour and how we purchase as well. The nature versus nurture debate is at the core of how much biology influences these buying decisions, because it argues the extent to which biological factors influence what we do, and how much is reflected through environmental factors. Neuromarketing is of interest to marketers in measuring the reaction of stimulus to marketing. Even though we know there is a reaction, the question of why we consume the way we do still lingers, but it is a step in the right direction. Biology helps to understand consumer behaviour as it influences consumption and aids in the measurement of it.Lawson and Wooliscroft (2004) drew the link between human nature and the marketing concept, not explicitly biology, where they considered the contrasting views of Hobbes and Rousseau on mankind. Hobbes believed man had a self-serving nature whereas Rousseau was more forgiving towards the nature of man, suggesting them to be noble and dignified. Hobbes saw the need for a governing intermediary to control this selfish nature which provided a basis for the exchange theory, and also links to Mcgregor’s Theory of X and Y, relevant to management literature. He also considered cooperation and competition, relevant to game theory as an explanation of man’s motives and can be used for understanding the exercising of power in marketing channels. Pinker outlines why the nature debate has been suppressed by the nurture debate in his book The Blank Slate.
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