Multivariate Analysis of Genotype–Phenotype Association
... large numbers of measurements, which may not bear biological meaning one by one. For such multivariate phenotypes, studying the pairwise associations between all measurements and all alleles is highly inefficient and prevents insight into the genetic pattern underlying the observed phenotypes. We pre ...
... large numbers of measurements, which may not bear biological meaning one by one. For such multivariate phenotypes, studying the pairwise associations between all measurements and all alleles is highly inefficient and prevents insight into the genetic pattern underlying the observed phenotypes. We pre ...
Genetic Polymorphisms Underlying Lung Cancer - J
... GWASs of Lung Cancer Risk Three chromosomal loci, 15q24-25.1, 5p15.33 and 6p21, were found to be associated with lung cancer risk in GWASs of European/American populations (2–4), while locus 3q28 was associated with lung ADC risk in a GWAS of Japanese/Korean populations (7). The chromosomal 15q24-25 ...
... GWASs of Lung Cancer Risk Three chromosomal loci, 15q24-25.1, 5p15.33 and 6p21, were found to be associated with lung cancer risk in GWASs of European/American populations (2–4), while locus 3q28 was associated with lung ADC risk in a GWAS of Japanese/Korean populations (7). The chromosomal 15q24-25 ...
- Genetics
... the interval between the sexually antagonistic locus and the PAR boundary, and therefore genes in the intervening genome regions (and immediately distal PAR regions) should show elevated diversity. In the accompanying article in this issue (Bergero et al. 2013), we mapped several genes to the S. lat ...
... the interval between the sexually antagonistic locus and the PAR boundary, and therefore genes in the intervening genome regions (and immediately distal PAR regions) should show elevated diversity. In the accompanying article in this issue (Bergero et al. 2013), we mapped several genes to the S. lat ...
LAB II - Reed College
... Among the mechanisms underlying the evolution of species are those that bring about changes in allele frequencies in populations. For such changes to take place, there must be genetic variation among individuals. This variation results from gene mutation, migration, or genetic recombination. These g ...
... Among the mechanisms underlying the evolution of species are those that bring about changes in allele frequencies in populations. For such changes to take place, there must be genetic variation among individuals. This variation results from gene mutation, migration, or genetic recombination. These g ...
Predictions of Patterns of Response to Artificial Selection
... give the environmental deviation and thus the phenotypic value; (iii) individuals were ranked on phenotypic value and the highest Np was selected; (iv) each offspring was drawn independently by random mating without random selfing (i.e., no family structure or sexes); and (v) Mo offspring genotypes ...
... give the environmental deviation and thus the phenotypic value; (iii) individuals were ranked on phenotypic value and the highest Np was selected; (iv) each offspring was drawn independently by random mating without random selfing (i.e., no family structure or sexes); and (v) Mo offspring genotypes ...
In the Labyrinth of Binge Eating
... • Variations in dopamine and opioid receptor genes tremendously affect a person’s likelihood of developing BED (ex: DRD2, OPRM1) • The genetic connection is still in its infancy, but holds promise for all sorts of addictions—and their treatment • Ex: naltrexone is an opioid blocker sometimes used ...
... • Variations in dopamine and opioid receptor genes tremendously affect a person’s likelihood of developing BED (ex: DRD2, OPRM1) • The genetic connection is still in its infancy, but holds promise for all sorts of addictions—and their treatment • Ex: naltrexone is an opioid blocker sometimes used ...
Analysis of Clines with Variable Selection and Variable Migration
... breeding to overwintering sites at a rate that is markedly different from previous estimates made during the breeding season only. This migration is also strongly asymmetrical, which can be explained by different geographical distributions of breeding and overwintering sites, by variation in mosquit ...
... breeding to overwintering sites at a rate that is markedly different from previous estimates made during the breeding season only. This migration is also strongly asymmetrical, which can be explained by different geographical distributions of breeding and overwintering sites, by variation in mosquit ...
The Underlying Similarity of Diversity Measures Used in
... The simplest definition of diversity comes from the answer to the question “how different is everybody from everybody else?” If every chromosome is identical, there is no difference between any two chromosomes and hence there is no diversity in the population. If each chromosome is completely differ ...
... The simplest definition of diversity comes from the answer to the question “how different is everybody from everybody else?” If every chromosome is identical, there is no difference between any two chromosomes and hence there is no diversity in the population. If each chromosome is completely differ ...
study on factors affecting the efficiency of marker
... different background selection methods：The genetic responses for two background traits under different background selection methods was given in figure 6: during backcross phase, the genetic responses for two background traits show slowly increase by degrees trend with the increase of backcross gene ...
... different background selection methods：The genetic responses for two background traits under different background selection methods was given in figure 6: during backcross phase, the genetic responses for two background traits show slowly increase by degrees trend with the increase of backcross gene ...
manual - Cedar Crest College
... the mating was permitted. The current version allows the user to keep this approach (now called "postmating" isolation) or to use an alternative approach: that is, to choose the first parent and the ...
... the mating was permitted. The current version allows the user to keep this approach (now called "postmating" isolation) or to use an alternative approach: that is, to choose the first parent and the ...
an overview of the genetic algorithm and its use for finding extrema
... Nowadays the evolutionary computing comprehends three big scientific fields: genetic algorithms, evolutionary strategies, and genetic programming. There are many different evolutionary algorithms, as well as several variations of each of them. However, the underlying idea Tehnički glasnik 10, 3-4(20 ...
... Nowadays the evolutionary computing comprehends three big scientific fields: genetic algorithms, evolutionary strategies, and genetic programming. There are many different evolutionary algorithms, as well as several variations of each of them. However, the underlying idea Tehnički glasnik 10, 3-4(20 ...
Guidelines for genetic studies in single patients
... penetrance) causing disease by various mechanisms (dominantnegative effect, haploinsufficiency, gain of function). Finally, many patients have a distinctive, very unusual, and possibly Mendelian phenotype that has not been described in other patients. In some cases, the discovery of the causal gene ...
... penetrance) causing disease by various mechanisms (dominantnegative effect, haploinsufficiency, gain of function). Finally, many patients have a distinctive, very unusual, and possibly Mendelian phenotype that has not been described in other patients. In some cases, the discovery of the causal gene ...
Mixed modelling to characterize genotype-phenotype
... 2.1. Creating genotype groups Genotype groups are dened simply as groups of individuals with similar or identical multilocus genotypes. As described above, organizing people into groups based on their multi-locus genotype is described in analyses of human genetic data (see for example Reference [27 ...
... 2.1. Creating genotype groups Genotype groups are dened simply as groups of individuals with similar or identical multilocus genotypes. As described above, organizing people into groups based on their multi-locus genotype is described in analyses of human genetic data (see for example Reference [27 ...
Haploidization Analysis in Penicillium chrysogenum
... * See text for description of allele symbols. Of mutants of like type in any one group, only the sporecolour mutants have been subjected to complementation tests. It was concluded that the slow-growing prototrophic colony, while being heterozygous for all the known loci, was probably a 2n- I aneuplo ...
... * See text for description of allele symbols. Of mutants of like type in any one group, only the sporecolour mutants have been subjected to complementation tests. It was concluded that the slow-growing prototrophic colony, while being heterozygous for all the known loci, was probably a 2n- I aneuplo ...
Chapter 16
... Mutation • Evolution may take place when populations are subject to genetic mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, or natural selection. • Mutations are changes in the DNA. ...
... Mutation • Evolution may take place when populations are subject to genetic mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, or natural selection. • Mutations are changes in the DNA. ...
design and optimisation of animal breeding programmes
... The word genotype is used in several ways. We can speak of an animal’s genotype in general, referring to all the genes and gene combinations that affect the array of traits of interest to us. An example used later on in this section involves a “tropically adapted” genotype. In this case, the genotyp ...
... The word genotype is used in several ways. We can speak of an animal’s genotype in general, referring to all the genes and gene combinations that affect the array of traits of interest to us. An example used later on in this section involves a “tropically adapted” genotype. In this case, the genotyp ...
Slides
... 7. Were stringent corrections applied for the many thousands of statistical tests performed in defning the P value for signifcant associations? 8. Were the results replicated in independent population samples? 9. Were the replication samples comparable in geographic origin and phenotype defnition, a ...
... 7. Were stringent corrections applied for the many thousands of statistical tests performed in defning the P value for signifcant associations? 8. Were the results replicated in independent population samples? 9. Were the replication samples comparable in geographic origin and phenotype defnition, a ...
Lab - Population Genetics and Evolution
... survive to reproduce. For this simulation you will assume that the homozygous recessive individuals never survive. Heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals always survive. The procedure is similar to that for Case 1. Start again with your initial genotype, and produce your "offspring" as in ...
... survive to reproduce. For this simulation you will assume that the homozygous recessive individuals never survive. Heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals always survive. The procedure is similar to that for Case 1. Start again with your initial genotype, and produce your "offspring" as in ...
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression
... time and reduced fertility were used to demonstrate the usefulness of the reciprocal ILs for quantitative trait loci detection and fine mapping. For subIL development at high resolution around the reduced fertility locus, we used modified CelIbased assays in one-well format for both marker developme ...
... time and reduced fertility were used to demonstrate the usefulness of the reciprocal ILs for quantitative trait loci detection and fine mapping. For subIL development at high resolution around the reduced fertility locus, we used modified CelIbased assays in one-well format for both marker developme ...
file
... genes’ gives highly viable and attractive offspring) but there are simultaneously also benefits of dissimilarity and complementarity so that mating with males with ’compatible genes’ may be advantageous (Colegrave et al., 2002; Hunt et al., 2004; Mays and Hill, 2004; Neff and Pitcher, 2005)? The gen ...
... genes’ gives highly viable and attractive offspring) but there are simultaneously also benefits of dissimilarity and complementarity so that mating with males with ’compatible genes’ may be advantageous (Colegrave et al., 2002; Hunt et al., 2004; Mays and Hill, 2004; Neff and Pitcher, 2005)? The gen ...
The Development of a Genetic Marker for Resistance to Fescue
... The data suggest that the genotype in the DRD2 gene has a significant effect on an animal’s ability to be resistant to Fescue Toxicosis. No relationship however, was observed between genotype and reproductive parameters in the bulls (data not shown). Discussion The results of this study indicate th ...
... The data suggest that the genotype in the DRD2 gene has a significant effect on an animal’s ability to be resistant to Fescue Toxicosis. No relationship however, was observed between genotype and reproductive parameters in the bulls (data not shown). Discussion The results of this study indicate th ...
Genetic Factors Affecting Facial Growth
... development of the oral-facial region. Historically, orthodontists have been interested in genetics as a means to better understand why a patient has a particular occlusion, and to determine the best course of treatment for the malocclusion. The application of genetic information in treatment, howev ...
... development of the oral-facial region. Historically, orthodontists have been interested in genetics as a means to better understand why a patient has a particular occlusion, and to determine the best course of treatment for the malocclusion. The application of genetic information in treatment, howev ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.