Parallel Genetic and Phenotypic Evolution of DNA Superhelicity in
... some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore highly suggestive evidence that the resulting changes are adaptive. The change in DNA supercoiling was then further exa ...
... some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore highly suggestive evidence that the resulting changes are adaptive. The change in DNA supercoiling was then further exa ...
Population Genetics
... 1. There is no selection. In other words there is no survival for one genotype over another 2. There is no mutation. This means that none of the alleles in a population will change over time. No alleles get converted into other forms already existing and no new alleles are formed 3. There is no migr ...
... 1. There is no selection. In other words there is no survival for one genotype over another 2. There is no mutation. This means that none of the alleles in a population will change over time. No alleles get converted into other forms already existing and no new alleles are formed 3. There is no migr ...
here - Genetics
... unique nucleotide sequence for the locus in question, and thus constitutes the designation of an allele. In bacterial genetics, the practice of using a plus (+) sign to indicate the wildtype allele of a locus has been borrowed from the genetic nomenclature system used for other organisms. Thus, araB ...
... unique nucleotide sequence for the locus in question, and thus constitutes the designation of an allele. In bacterial genetics, the practice of using a plus (+) sign to indicate the wildtype allele of a locus has been borrowed from the genetic nomenclature system used for other organisms. Thus, araB ...
Association between Novelty Seeking of opiate
... On the other hand, Lohoff et al [26] found an increased frequency of the Met allele (low activity form) in cocaine users. In the present study, results from a case-control analysis is reported (Table 1) with no differences in Val/Met genotype frequencies of the opiate dependent and control group. Th ...
... On the other hand, Lohoff et al [26] found an increased frequency of the Met allele (low activity form) in cocaine users. In the present study, results from a case-control analysis is reported (Table 1) with no differences in Val/Met genotype frequencies of the opiate dependent and control group. Th ...
Selective Crossover in Genetic Algorithms: An Empirical Study
... explore the search space by evolving the dominance values – to determine and promote those genes which are considered fit. ‘Child 2’ is needed so that important information is not lost in early generations when there is more exploration than exploitation. That way if ‘Child 2’ was to produce an incr ...
... explore the search space by evolving the dominance values – to determine and promote those genes which are considered fit. ‘Child 2’ is needed so that important information is not lost in early generations when there is more exploration than exploitation. That way if ‘Child 2’ was to produce an incr ...
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis
... committee members Drs. John Rice, Alison Goate, Ted Hansen and Michael Lovett, for their kind intellectual advice and assistance in many different ways. Far too many people to mention individually have assisted in so many ways during my work at Dr. Bowcock Lab. They all have my sincere gratitude. In ...
... committee members Drs. John Rice, Alison Goate, Ted Hansen and Michael Lovett, for their kind intellectual advice and assistance in many different ways. Far too many people to mention individually have assisted in so many ways during my work at Dr. Bowcock Lab. They all have my sincere gratitude. In ...
DROSOPHILA: GENETICS MEETS BEHAVIOUR
... allelic variants that affect normal individual differences in behaviour, how they evolved and how they might differ from laboratory-generated mutants. Why might natural variants be useful tools for behavioural genetics analysis? Because they carry subtle alterations in a gene, such as HYPOMORPHIC MU ...
... allelic variants that affect normal individual differences in behaviour, how they evolved and how they might differ from laboratory-generated mutants. Why might natural variants be useful tools for behavioural genetics analysis? Because they carry subtle alterations in a gene, such as HYPOMORPHIC MU ...
Genome-Wide Dissection of Hybrid Sterility in
... males at each generation was tested and scored by crossing them individually with Bu28 females; and only the third backcross (BC3) yielded fertile males in 80% of the families. Four of these families were utilized in subsequent analyses. We did not work further to BC3 families, because the following ...
... males at each generation was tested and scored by crossing them individually with Bu28 females; and only the third backcross (BC3) yielded fertile males in 80% of the families. Four of these families were utilized in subsequent analyses. We did not work further to BC3 families, because the following ...
Recombination Chromosome Separations At Anaphase I And II
... o Causes clustering of molecular markers near telomeres. o Protects telomeric repeats from unequal crossing over. No RN at kinetochore--(Fig 12) o Never in kinetochore, very rare close to kinetochore. o Probably protect repeat sequences important for normal spindle attachment. RN more common in euch ...
... o Causes clustering of molecular markers near telomeres. o Protects telomeric repeats from unequal crossing over. No RN at kinetochore--(Fig 12) o Never in kinetochore, very rare close to kinetochore. o Probably protect repeat sequences important for normal spindle attachment. RN more common in euch ...
Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
... Down syndrome- Chromosome disorder where individuals have an extra 21st chromosome. Also called trisomy 21. 1out of 800 babies are born with this. Caused by non-disjunction during meiosis. ...
... Down syndrome- Chromosome disorder where individuals have an extra 21st chromosome. Also called trisomy 21. 1out of 800 babies are born with this. Caused by non-disjunction during meiosis. ...
Genome duplications and accelerated evolution of
... two additional linkage groups, indicating the presence of six rather than the expected four Hox gene clusters. Subsequent extensive characterization of zebrafish Hox genes by Amores et al. (1998) showed that the zebrafish genome contains at least 48 Hox genes arranged in at least seven Hox clusters. ...
... two additional linkage groups, indicating the presence of six rather than the expected four Hox gene clusters. Subsequent extensive characterization of zebrafish Hox genes by Amores et al. (1998) showed that the zebrafish genome contains at least 48 Hox genes arranged in at least seven Hox clusters. ...
Clinical Genetic Basis of Tooth Agenesis (PDF Available)
... of MSX1 protein is tointeract with TATA box-binding protein (TBP)18 and some transcription factors to increase the rate of the transcription process. [1] This protein regulates gene expression, which is essential for initiating tooth development. MSX1 protein is considered to be critical during earl ...
... of MSX1 protein is tointeract with TATA box-binding protein (TBP)18 and some transcription factors to increase the rate of the transcription process. [1] This protein regulates gene expression, which is essential for initiating tooth development. MSX1 protein is considered to be critical during earl ...
Fig 1 - Centre for Biodiversity Genomics
... among families in each order and among BINs, a species proxy, in each family. Order Distances vary fourfold (0.10–0.39), while the mean of the Family Distances for the ten orders ranges fivefold (0.07–0.35). BIN Distances show great variation, ranging from 0.01 or less in 12 families to more than 0. ...
... among families in each order and among BINs, a species proxy, in each family. Order Distances vary fourfold (0.10–0.39), while the mean of the Family Distances for the ten orders ranges fivefold (0.07–0.35). BIN Distances show great variation, ranging from 0.01 or less in 12 families to more than 0. ...
Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly - EMBL-EBI
... Taking advantage of these new possibilities, we performed a high-resolution eQTL study on 80 inbred fruit fly lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, which represent naturally occurring genetic variation in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster. Using a 3′ Tag RNA-sequencing protoc ...
... Taking advantage of these new possibilities, we performed a high-resolution eQTL study on 80 inbred fruit fly lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, which represent naturally occurring genetic variation in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster. Using a 3′ Tag RNA-sequencing protoc ...
A family of human Y chromosomes has dispersed throughout
... the regions involved in the first homologous recombination events in the two pathways. (B) FISH probes hybridized to interphase nuclei from a man (PD223) whose STS results are consistent with the reference sequence in (A). Hybridization with the green and red probes produced the expected pattern: gr ...
... the regions involved in the first homologous recombination events in the two pathways. (B) FISH probes hybridized to interphase nuclei from a man (PD223) whose STS results are consistent with the reference sequence in (A). Hybridization with the green and red probes produced the expected pattern: gr ...
Integrated analysis of whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome
... basis of ASD, revealing a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Clinical application of molecular karyotyping has shown that 5% to 10% of patients carry chromosomal rearrangements and that the burden of rare and de novo smaller copy number variants (CNVs) is higher among ASD patients than controls. ...
... basis of ASD, revealing a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Clinical application of molecular karyotyping has shown that 5% to 10% of patients carry chromosomal rearrangements and that the burden of rare and de novo smaller copy number variants (CNVs) is higher among ASD patients than controls. ...
Castric et al. (MBE 2010) - GEPV
... Although Wang et al. (2001) found recombinant haplotypes in Petunia inflata, and so direct evidence that intragenic recombination contributed to the generation of new specificities in this species, Vieira et al. (2003) found no evidence for a decline of linkage disequilibrium between linked polymorp ...
... Although Wang et al. (2001) found recombinant haplotypes in Petunia inflata, and so direct evidence that intragenic recombination contributed to the generation of new specificities in this species, Vieira et al. (2003) found no evidence for a decline of linkage disequilibrium between linked polymorp ...
Here - Semantic Scholar
... In modern terms, commutative duplication can be realized using tensor products. For any commutative algebra A, tensor it with itself (in the sense of vector spaces) to form A ⊗ A. Then, commutative duplication can be achieved via the quotient (A ⊗ A)/I, where I is the subspace generated by elements ...
... In modern terms, commutative duplication can be realized using tensor products. For any commutative algebra A, tensor it with itself (in the sense of vector spaces) to form A ⊗ A. Then, commutative duplication can be achieved via the quotient (A ⊗ A)/I, where I is the subspace generated by elements ...
MHC, mechanisms and
... MHC diversity should consider the immunological constraints on intra-individual diversity in order to fully understand the processes underlying selection at these genes. The rare-allele advantage (also called negative frequency-dependence) hypothesis proposes that there is strong selection on pathog ...
... MHC diversity should consider the immunological constraints on intra-individual diversity in order to fully understand the processes underlying selection at these genes. The rare-allele advantage (also called negative frequency-dependence) hypothesis proposes that there is strong selection on pathog ...
Contribution of IKBKE and IFIH1 gene variants to SLE susceptibility
... located in the other gene regions persisted. Conditioning on the other SNVs, significant associations from these two SNVs at the gene 50 -region were retained in most cases; whereas they lost their significant P-values when conditioned on each other. These observations indicate that there are two inde ...
... located in the other gene regions persisted. Conditioning on the other SNVs, significant associations from these two SNVs at the gene 50 -region were retained in most cases; whereas they lost their significant P-values when conditioned on each other. These observations indicate that there are two inde ...
How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and
... The heterozygote advantage hypothesis proposes that individuals heterozygous at MHC loci are able to respond to a greater range of pathogen peptides than homozygotes and, consequently, benefit from increased resistance to pathogens. Heterozygotes are, therefore, more likely to have higher relative f ...
... The heterozygote advantage hypothesis proposes that individuals heterozygous at MHC loci are able to respond to a greater range of pathogen peptides than homozygotes and, consequently, benefit from increased resistance to pathogens. Heterozygotes are, therefore, more likely to have higher relative f ...
Analysis of multiple phenotypes in genome-wide genetic mapping studies Open Access
... Keywords: Multiple phenotypes, Statistical method, Genetic mapping ...
... Keywords: Multiple phenotypes, Statistical method, Genetic mapping ...
Analysis of multiple phenotypes in genome
... Keywords: Multiple phenotypes, Statistical method, Genetic mapping ...
... Keywords: Multiple phenotypes, Statistical method, Genetic mapping ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.