3 - first
... • Evolving a solution • Begin with population of individuals – Individuals = candidate solutions ~chromosomes ...
... • Evolving a solution • Begin with population of individuals – Individuals = candidate solutions ~chromosomes ...
The Principle of Segregation
... a gene and several interactions are possible. • The genetic make up of a trait= genotype ...
... a gene and several interactions are possible. • The genetic make up of a trait= genotype ...
Dr Michelle Murrow - cutis laxa internationale
... • 2 copies of each gene • both copies have to have a change to cause disease • 1 copy of mutation = healthy carrier • ¼ or 25% chance of inheriting disease with each pregnancy. • Equally affects males and females • Usually seen in only 1 family member or sometimes siblings • Example: ATP6V0A2-relate ...
... • 2 copies of each gene • both copies have to have a change to cause disease • 1 copy of mutation = healthy carrier • ¼ or 25% chance of inheriting disease with each pregnancy. • Equally affects males and females • Usually seen in only 1 family member or sometimes siblings • Example: ATP6V0A2-relate ...
8.4 - Meiosis L5
... Meiosis Produces 4 daughter cells each with half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. In sexual reproduction 2 gametes fuse to give rise to new offspring. This requires 2 haploid cells to join together to make 1 diploid cell. In order to maintain a constant number of chromosomes in the adults of s ...
... Meiosis Produces 4 daughter cells each with half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. In sexual reproduction 2 gametes fuse to give rise to new offspring. This requires 2 haploid cells to join together to make 1 diploid cell. In order to maintain a constant number of chromosomes in the adults of s ...
Compatible genetic and ecological estimates of dispersal rates in
... regression method to the C. mercuriale data. First, high mutation has a stronger effect on the accuracy of the method in linear habitats than in two-dimensional ones (Rousset 1997) and this may affect an analysis of riparian systems. Second, the performance of the regression method has been evaluate ...
... regression method to the C. mercuriale data. First, high mutation has a stronger effect on the accuracy of the method in linear habitats than in two-dimensional ones (Rousset 1997) and this may affect an analysis of riparian systems. Second, the performance of the regression method has been evaluate ...
Chromosomal evolution and speciation
... perhaps chromosome number is an adaptation (like sex) which affects overall recombination in the genome. Many chromosomes lots of of recombination (50% recombination between chromosomes, plus a lot of chiasmata). ...
... perhaps chromosome number is an adaptation (like sex) which affects overall recombination in the genome. Many chromosomes lots of of recombination (50% recombination between chromosomes, plus a lot of chiasmata). ...
Meet the Gene Machine
... 3) The groups should now show their presentations to the rest of the class. Depending on how much time you have left, you may wish to leave the actual presentations for a third lesson (20 minutes). 4) As an incentive each presentation could be assessed by the rest of the class, using agreed criteria ...
... 3) The groups should now show their presentations to the rest of the class. Depending on how much time you have left, you may wish to leave the actual presentations for a third lesson (20 minutes). 4) As an incentive each presentation could be assessed by the rest of the class, using agreed criteria ...
SELECTION
... In artificial selection the breeder chooses the parents of the next generation. Castration is one of the oldest forms of artificial selection. The strategies of genetic progress through selection are 1) Selection between breeds or strains which can achieve dramatic and rapid genetic change when ther ...
... In artificial selection the breeder chooses the parents of the next generation. Castration is one of the oldest forms of artificial selection. The strategies of genetic progress through selection are 1) Selection between breeds or strains which can achieve dramatic and rapid genetic change when ther ...
genetics
... Sex linked traits (hemophilia, male pattern baldness, colorblindness) Sex linked traits are usually located on X chromosome. ...
... Sex linked traits (hemophilia, male pattern baldness, colorblindness) Sex linked traits are usually located on X chromosome. ...
Exploring ClinVar
... Exploring ClinVar: What's There and How Do I Use It? Melissa Landrum ICCG June 12, 2014 ...
... Exploring ClinVar: What's There and How Do I Use It? Melissa Landrum ICCG June 12, 2014 ...
Asymptotic Genetic Improvement Programming via Type Functors
... datatype T via proof search within the framework of sequent calculus [5]. This proof yields a ‘wrapper function’ f : S → T which allows all instances of the source datatype s to be replaced by instances of the target datatype f (s) [6]. The type functor for an ADT is built up from constants, product ...
... datatype T via proof search within the framework of sequent calculus [5]. This proof yields a ‘wrapper function’ f : S → T which allows all instances of the source datatype s to be replaced by instances of the target datatype f (s) [6]. The type functor for an ADT is built up from constants, product ...
1992 Genetics Society of America Medal: Maynard V. Olson.
... cloned tRNA genes to thecorresponding genetic loci, each ofwhich had been defined as the siteof a tyrosine-inserting suppressor of ochre mutations. The method Maynard devised took advantage of the differences in restriction sites nearthe tRNA genes among laboratory yeast strains. By making crosses i ...
... cloned tRNA genes to thecorresponding genetic loci, each ofwhich had been defined as the siteof a tyrosine-inserting suppressor of ochre mutations. The method Maynard devised took advantage of the differences in restriction sites nearthe tRNA genes among laboratory yeast strains. By making crosses i ...
Unit 4 Part II Review
... photographs, and group them together in pairs. They then check whether any chromosomes are missing or if there are extra copies. ...
... photographs, and group them together in pairs. They then check whether any chromosomes are missing or if there are extra copies. ...
Genome editing and CRISPR Aim - Personal Genetics Education
... The PowerPoint slideshow illustrates the basic concepts and vocabulary for talking about genome editing and introduces CRISPR. We focus on how genome editing may one day be applied in medicine, discuss the current research being carried out primarily in animal models, and present the excitement and ...
... The PowerPoint slideshow illustrates the basic concepts and vocabulary for talking about genome editing and introduces CRISPR. We focus on how genome editing may one day be applied in medicine, discuss the current research being carried out primarily in animal models, and present the excitement and ...
Conflicting patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA diversity in
... (García-Moreno 2004; Lovette 2004), the qualitative conclusions of our results will remain even with very different rates. The amount of within-species genetic variation for each locus was estimated as nucleotide diversity (π) and segregating sites (s) in dnasp (Rozas & Rozas 1997). We used Tajima’s ...
... (García-Moreno 2004; Lovette 2004), the qualitative conclusions of our results will remain even with very different rates. The amount of within-species genetic variation for each locus was estimated as nucleotide diversity (π) and segregating sites (s) in dnasp (Rozas & Rozas 1997). We used Tajima’s ...
Lecture Outline
... ratios in his dihybrid cross. 1. In his dihybrid experiment, Mendel noticed that the alleles for the two different traits seemed to segregate independent of one another. (Fig. 13.6b) 2. Therefore, he predicted that the R gamete will be obtained from an Rr parent 1/2 of the time, and the Y gamete wil ...
... ratios in his dihybrid cross. 1. In his dihybrid experiment, Mendel noticed that the alleles for the two different traits seemed to segregate independent of one another. (Fig. 13.6b) 2. Therefore, he predicted that the R gamete will be obtained from an Rr parent 1/2 of the time, and the Y gamete wil ...
GENETIC AND PHYSICAL MAPS OF GENE Bph
... the target gene using a relatively large mapping population. The physical distance ...
... the target gene using a relatively large mapping population. The physical distance ...
Farm animal genetic resources: safeguarding
... 1500. Numbers in 2002 for the breeds that now most markedly exceed these thresholds were as follows: British White cattle, 1368; Longhorn cattle, 1500; Gloucester Old Spot pigs, 628; Hebridean sheep, 2981. Essentially these breeds supply niche markets and while their contribution in tonnage terms to ...
... 1500. Numbers in 2002 for the breeds that now most markedly exceed these thresholds were as follows: British White cattle, 1368; Longhorn cattle, 1500; Gloucester Old Spot pigs, 628; Hebridean sheep, 2981. Essentially these breeds supply niche markets and while their contribution in tonnage terms to ...
Population Genetics
... reproduce more often with each Nonrandom mating other • Individuals migrate between Migration populations • Population size is small or a Genetic drift group becomes reproductively isolated within a larger population ...
... reproduce more often with each Nonrandom mating other • Individuals migrate between Migration populations • Population size is small or a Genetic drift group becomes reproductively isolated within a larger population ...
Analysis of genetic structure in Slovak Pinzgau cattle using five
... population of Czech Spotted and Czech Holstein breed. The genotype AA of kappa casein (CSN3) is mostly associated with higher yield of milk, proteins and fat, opposite to BB genotype which is binded with higher percentage of proteins and fat content in cow milk. The allele B of κ-casein gene (CSN3) ...
... population of Czech Spotted and Czech Holstein breed. The genotype AA of kappa casein (CSN3) is mostly associated with higher yield of milk, proteins and fat, opposite to BB genotype which is binded with higher percentage of proteins and fat content in cow milk. The allele B of κ-casein gene (CSN3) ...
Article A Molecular Evolutionary Reference for the Human Variome
... data. The first benchmark data set (HumVar; Adzhubei et al. 2010) contains 20,957 deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diseases (positive controls) and 18,411 common population polymorphisms (negative controls). EPs showed a quickly rising receiver operating characteris ...
... data. The first benchmark data set (HumVar; Adzhubei et al. 2010) contains 20,957 deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diseases (positive controls) and 18,411 common population polymorphisms (negative controls). EPs showed a quickly rising receiver operating characteris ...
投影片 1 - Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica
... • Two-point linkage analysis – Analyze marker-disease co-segregation one locus at a time • One two-point lod score for each marker • IBS-sharing of a marker allele might lead to false positive lod scores if possible look at haplotypes. ...
... • Two-point linkage analysis – Analyze marker-disease co-segregation one locus at a time • One two-point lod score for each marker • IBS-sharing of a marker allele might lead to false positive lod scores if possible look at haplotypes. ...
Patterns of Non Mendelian Inheritance
... • With codominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with phenotype in which both of the parental traits appear together. • Ex. Red x White flowers > Both colors seen ...
... • With codominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with phenotype in which both of the parental traits appear together. • Ex. Red x White flowers > Both colors seen ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.