Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... that came to participate in evolutionary processes in their own right (Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999; Okasha 2006). This involved a hierarchical shift in the level of selection and with it the emergence of new kinds of biological individuals – individuals whose success very often cur ...
... that came to participate in evolutionary processes in their own right (Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999; Okasha 2006). This involved a hierarchical shift in the level of selection and with it the emergence of new kinds of biological individuals – individuals whose success very often cur ...
Philosophie Zoologique – 200: Lamarck in
... need careful explanation. Animals show a graded series of “perfection” : Lamarck understood the gradual increase in “animality” from the simplest animals to those with the most complex organization, culminating in man. This idea he had developed from studies on mollusks. The amazing diversity of org ...
... need careful explanation. Animals show a graded series of “perfection” : Lamarck understood the gradual increase in “animality” from the simplest animals to those with the most complex organization, culminating in man. This idea he had developed from studies on mollusks. The amazing diversity of org ...
Hereditary Hemochromatosis Since Discovery of the HFE Gene
... Although none of the random controls in the initial studies were homozygous for C282Y, larger studies have indicated that the frequency of C282Y homozygotes in the general population is ⬍0.5% (16, 17 ). A third base alteration that replaces serine with cysteine (S65C) is present in ⬃1.5% of the Euro ...
... Although none of the random controls in the initial studies were homozygous for C282Y, larger studies have indicated that the frequency of C282Y homozygotes in the general population is ⬍0.5% (16, 17 ). A third base alteration that replaces serine with cysteine (S65C) is present in ⬃1.5% of the Euro ...
Neutral Evolution and Aesthetics
... describe artistic behavior. To some degree, art must be a spontaneous engineering-like activity that synthesizes already existing elements according to known laws. This would correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable ...
... describe artistic behavior. To some degree, art must be a spontaneous engineering-like activity that synthesizes already existing elements according to known laws. This would correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable ...
Genetic Diversity in the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex
... also make the estimation of intraspecific variation problematic. The latter issue may well represent a confounding factor in the computation of genetic diversity for microbial organisms (Daubin and Moran 2004), as the process of ‘‘species’’ identification is a difficult task, given the frequent exis ...
... also make the estimation of intraspecific variation problematic. The latter issue may well represent a confounding factor in the computation of genetic diversity for microbial organisms (Daubin and Moran 2004), as the process of ‘‘species’’ identification is a difficult task, given the frequent exis ...
A-level Human Biology Question paper Unit 5 - Inheritance
... One gene controls whether there is any black pigment in the hairs. The dominant allele of this gene, B, results in black fur. The recessive allele, b, results in white fur. The second gene controls banding of the fur. The dominant allele, A, causes a yellow band to develop on each hair. The resultin ...
... One gene controls whether there is any black pigment in the hairs. The dominant allele of this gene, B, results in black fur. The recessive allele, b, results in white fur. The second gene controls banding of the fur. The dominant allele, A, causes a yellow band to develop on each hair. The resultin ...
Optimizing Testing Efficiency with Error
... optimize and select the software path clusters which are weighted with sources of error indexes. Although various methods have been applied to detecting and reducing errors in a whole system, there is little research into partitioning a system into smaller error prone domains for testing. Exhaustive ...
... optimize and select the software path clusters which are weighted with sources of error indexes. Although various methods have been applied to detecting and reducing errors in a whole system, there is little research into partitioning a system into smaller error prone domains for testing. Exhaustive ...
Genetics Study Guide
... Punnett Squares – Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance Review- Vocabulary needed to know when working with genetics 1. Allele – Different form of a trait 2. Genotype – The gene make-up of a trait expressed as a set of Capital and lower case letters 3. Phenotype – The physical presentation o ...
... Punnett Squares – Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance Review- Vocabulary needed to know when working with genetics 1. Allele – Different form of a trait 2. Genotype – The gene make-up of a trait expressed as a set of Capital and lower case letters 3. Phenotype – The physical presentation o ...
Time Dependency of Molecular Rate Estimates and Systematic
... not mutually exclusive: (1) a neutral or near-neutral mutation rate resulting from neutral and/or slightly deleterious changes that become fixed by genetic drift and (2) adaptive evolution. It is difficult, if not impossible, to separate or quantify the contributions of each of these two processes t ...
... not mutually exclusive: (1) a neutral or near-neutral mutation rate resulting from neutral and/or slightly deleterious changes that become fixed by genetic drift and (2) adaptive evolution. It is difficult, if not impossible, to separate or quantify the contributions of each of these two processes t ...
Imputation-Based Fine-Mapping Suggests that Most QTL in an
... complex traits (Hill 2005). Most traits of interest in animal breeding (e.g. production of eggs ...
... complex traits (Hill 2005). Most traits of interest in animal breeding (e.g. production of eggs ...
The Drosophila Tissue Polarity Gene inturned Functions Prior to
... Cold-sensitive periodfor inHC3'ends prior to the start of prehair morphogenesis: We carried out a series of temperature shift experiments to determine when the cold-sensitive period of inHC3'was. In preliminary experiments we found that thetemperature during larval development did not have any pheno ...
... Cold-sensitive periodfor inHC3'ends prior to the start of prehair morphogenesis: We carried out a series of temperature shift experiments to determine when the cold-sensitive period of inHC3'was. In preliminary experiments we found that thetemperature during larval development did not have any pheno ...
Respiration Worksheet
... So far, all genes have been coded for by two alleles, one from the father and one from the mother. This will always be the case as each parent can only donate one allele. Certain genes are coded for by more than two alleles, so the phenotype depends on which alleles are passed down and the order of ...
... So far, all genes have been coded for by two alleles, one from the father and one from the mother. This will always be the case as each parent can only donate one allele. Certain genes are coded for by more than two alleles, so the phenotype depends on which alleles are passed down and the order of ...
figures - HAL
... This is the second report of human anophthalmia-associated mutations of the RAX homeobox gene (11). While the parents were not carefully examined, they did not complain of any visual impairment at the time their child was evaluated. The proband was demonstrated to bear composite heterozygous mutatio ...
... This is the second report of human anophthalmia-associated mutations of the RAX homeobox gene (11). While the parents were not carefully examined, they did not complain of any visual impairment at the time their child was evaluated. The proband was demonstrated to bear composite heterozygous mutatio ...
Giraud-speciation-review-2010
... in novel host–pathogen combinations [17]. Horizontal gene transfer and inter-specific hybridization have been invoked to explain how pathogens might achieve an enhanced adaptive potential that allows the emergence of new fungal diseases on novel hosts [7], but such adaptation is usually the result o ...
... in novel host–pathogen combinations [17]. Horizontal gene transfer and inter-specific hybridization have been invoked to explain how pathogens might achieve an enhanced adaptive potential that allows the emergence of new fungal diseases on novel hosts [7], but such adaptation is usually the result o ...
Methods to Evolve Legal Phenotypes
... parse trees. Yu and Clack (1998) employ a type system to ensure that only typecorrect programs are considered during evolution. C4: GENETIC REPAIR Correct illegal genotypes. If a new individual conflicts with a constraint, correct the genes that are responsible for the conflict to make it satisfy th ...
... parse trees. Yu and Clack (1998) employ a type system to ensure that only typecorrect programs are considered during evolution. C4: GENETIC REPAIR Correct illegal genotypes. If a new individual conflicts with a constraint, correct the genes that are responsible for the conflict to make it satisfy th ...
Problems for Natural Selection as a Mechanism
... trees in the presence of predating birds, cells, and antimicrobial compounds. These components are also doing a variety of things, including crushing, foraging, camouflaging, and mutating or developing resistance. Since these cases are just a fraction of the number of instances of natural selection ...
... trees in the presence of predating birds, cells, and antimicrobial compounds. These components are also doing a variety of things, including crushing, foraging, camouflaging, and mutating or developing resistance. Since these cases are just a fraction of the number of instances of natural selection ...
High-order chromatin architecture determines the
... (Uniform), derived from experimentally determined chromatin contact probabilities (HiC) or derived from contact probability in a fractal globular chromatin architecture (FG). We also consider models that account for fixation of the produced alterations due to selection (see Eq. 1). As non-recurrent ...
... (Uniform), derived from experimentally determined chromatin contact probabilities (HiC) or derived from contact probability in a fractal globular chromatin architecture (FG). We also consider models that account for fixation of the produced alterations due to selection (see Eq. 1). As non-recurrent ...
Investigation of Common Variations of ABCB4, ATP8B1 and
... allele frequency has been reported in Japanese and Caucasian populations (14). The allele frequency of V444A in the current study was 52.8%. This variation has been previously implicated with higher frequencies in ICP and DIC than normal subjects, suggesting that this variation may become disease re ...
... allele frequency has been reported in Japanese and Caucasian populations (14). The allele frequency of V444A in the current study was 52.8%. This variation has been previously implicated with higher frequencies in ICP and DIC than normal subjects, suggesting that this variation may become disease re ...
Chapter 11: Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
... of the person expressing the trait is followed for several generations to determine which parents and grandparents were carriers of the recessive allele. ...
... of the person expressing the trait is followed for several generations to determine which parents and grandparents were carriers of the recessive allele. ...
Chapter 18: Quantitative Genetics I – Important Concepts
... people at another locus for IQ, say the B locus with its two alleles, b and B. We would now have nine genotypic values as illustrated in Table 18.1. Once again, we would compute the mean IQ score for all those with a genotype of aabb and then enter this mean into the appropriate cell of the table. N ...
... people at another locus for IQ, say the B locus with its two alleles, b and B. We would now have nine genotypic values as illustrated in Table 18.1. Once again, we would compute the mean IQ score for all those with a genotype of aabb and then enter this mean into the appropriate cell of the table. N ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 7 Notes
... process, the meiotic prophase cell actively induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repairs them by homologous recombination, using preferably a nonsister chromatid of the homolog as template (2). In species such as yeast and mouse, most interhomolog recombinational interactions are not resolved ...
... process, the meiotic prophase cell actively induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repairs them by homologous recombination, using preferably a nonsister chromatid of the homolog as template (2). In species such as yeast and mouse, most interhomolog recombinational interactions are not resolved ...
Multiple Avirulence Loci and Allele-Specific Effector
... by molecular cloning (Yahiaoui et al., 2004, 2006; Srichumpa et al., 2005). In comparison, the Mla alleles share 84.6% sequence identity and show a similar divergence as the Arabidopsis RPP13 and the flax L alleles (Rose et al., 2004; Seeholzer et al., 2010; Ravensdale et al., 2012). Interestingly, s ...
... by molecular cloning (Yahiaoui et al., 2004, 2006; Srichumpa et al., 2005). In comparison, the Mla alleles share 84.6% sequence identity and show a similar divergence as the Arabidopsis RPP13 and the flax L alleles (Rose et al., 2004; Seeholzer et al., 2010; Ravensdale et al., 2012). Interestingly, s ...
Single-gene speciation with pleiotropy: effects of allele dominance
... Yamamichi M and Sasaki A (2013) Single-gene speciation with pleiotropy: effects of allele dominance population size and delayed inheritance. IIASA Interim Report. IR-13-075, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria Copyright © 2013 by the author(s). ...
... Yamamichi M and Sasaki A (2013) Single-gene speciation with pleiotropy: effects of allele dominance population size and delayed inheritance. IIASA Interim Report. IR-13-075, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria Copyright © 2013 by the author(s). ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
... you said you couldn't decide between dominant and recessive and explained how this could work. If, however, you were told that the disease was rare, then it would have to be dominant in this case. ...
... you said you couldn't decide between dominant and recessive and explained how this could work. If, however, you were told that the disease was rare, then it would have to be dominant in this case. ...
Population genetics
Population genetics is the study of the distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations, and as such it sits firmly within the field of evolutionary biology. The main processes of evolution (natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and genetic recombination) form an integral part of the theory that underpins population genetics. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, population subdivision, and population structure.Population genetics was a vital ingredient in the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis. Its primary founders were Sewall Wright, J. B. S. Haldane and Ronald Fisher, who also laid the foundations for the related discipline of quantitative genetics.Traditionally a highly mathematical discipline, modern population genetics encompasses theoretical, lab and field work. Computational approaches, often utilising coalescent theory, have played a central role since the 1980s.