Learning Where (Not) To Cache: A Cognitive Model for Corvids
... Usually, in these experiments, the birds are presented with a discrete set of cache sites to choose from, a number of visual landmarks, the presence or absence of a conspecific, and very little else. This means a uniform setup is being used to study a diverse set of cognitive phenomena, making it po ...
... Usually, in these experiments, the birds are presented with a discrete set of cache sites to choose from, a number of visual landmarks, the presence or absence of a conspecific, and very little else. This means a uniform setup is being used to study a diverse set of cognitive phenomena, making it po ...
Devnich Explanation Prospectus
... does not require subjects to generate explanations at all, but rather asks them to evaluate explanations constructed by an experimenter; most of the work on teleological explanations has this flavor (e.g., Lombrozo & Carey, 2006; Kelemen, 1999). However, this literature is incomplete: These studies ...
... does not require subjects to generate explanations at all, but rather asks them to evaluate explanations constructed by an experimenter; most of the work on teleological explanations has this flavor (e.g., Lombrozo & Carey, 2006; Kelemen, 1999). However, this literature is incomplete: These studies ...
LEARNING AND c.®GNITION Classical Conditioning
... Wolfgang Kohler studied insight learning in chimpanzees. In one study, Kohler put the chimps in rooms with bananas hanging overhead, out of reach. The room contained several boxes, but a single box alone was not tall enough to reach the bananas. After considerable frustration, the chimps would sudde ...
... Wolfgang Kohler studied insight learning in chimpanzees. In one study, Kohler put the chimps in rooms with bananas hanging overhead, out of reach. The room contained several boxes, but a single box alone was not tall enough to reach the bananas. After considerable frustration, the chimps would sudde ...
Memento`s Revenge: The Extended Mind
... whereas the cyberpunk and Martian players exploit a resource that is part of the general equipment with which they confront the world. Taking the argument one step further, we then considered a second example, one designed to address the portability issue and to extend the treatment to the more cen ...
... whereas the cyberpunk and Martian players exploit a resource that is part of the general equipment with which they confront the world. Taking the argument one step further, we then considered a second example, one designed to address the portability issue and to extend the treatment to the more cen ...
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding
... study, most of the studies finding evidence for attentional narrowing manipulated how arousing a central cue, such as the woman and her bicycle, was (for a review, see Reisberg & Heuer, 2004). Thus, when it is the central cue that elicits the arousal, the attentional narrowing may result from shifts ...
... study, most of the studies finding evidence for attentional narrowing manipulated how arousing a central cue, such as the woman and her bicycle, was (for a review, see Reisberg & Heuer, 2004). Thus, when it is the central cue that elicits the arousal, the attentional narrowing may result from shifts ...
The Status of Semantic and Episodic Memory in Amnesia
... words). H.M. had been tested on these subtests 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000. When his performance across these test sessions was analyzed, there was no main effect of time, suggesting that H.M.’s semantic knowledge had remained consistent over time, and was not negatively affected ...
... words). H.M. had been tested on these subtests 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000. When his performance across these test sessions was analyzed, there was no main effect of time, suggesting that H.M.’s semantic knowledge had remained consistent over time, and was not negatively affected ...
Key Knowledge 3
... info out of conscious awareness. Person remains aware of the experience, but consciously chooses not to think about it. The goal is to put it out of our mind. fMRI research highlights that if people don’t want to think about something and they actively try not to think about it, they are less li ...
... info out of conscious awareness. Person remains aware of the experience, but consciously chooses not to think about it. The goal is to put it out of our mind. fMRI research highlights that if people don’t want to think about something and they actively try not to think about it, they are less li ...
The Role of Working Memory in Reading Disability
... younger than six did not use phonological coding in memory. However, more recent research by Alegria and Pignot (1979) found the rhyme effect to be present in children as young as four, and, indeed, phonological coding in working memory would seem to be essential for a child to learn to speak a lang ...
... younger than six did not use phonological coding in memory. However, more recent research by Alegria and Pignot (1979) found the rhyme effect to be present in children as young as four, and, indeed, phonological coding in working memory would seem to be essential for a child to learn to speak a lang ...
Cognitive Percept Lecture
... Impaired Memory This diagnosis is related to memory only. Other cognitive functioning may be normal. DEFINITION Inability to remember or recall bits of information or behavioral skills (impaired memory may be attributed to pathophysiological or situational causes that are either temporary or permane ...
... Impaired Memory This diagnosis is related to memory only. Other cognitive functioning may be normal. DEFINITION Inability to remember or recall bits of information or behavioral skills (impaired memory may be attributed to pathophysiological or situational causes that are either temporary or permane ...
How the hippocampus preserves order: the role of
... the magnitude of this hippocampal subsequent memory effect has been shown to increase with the degree of spatiotemporal discontinuity between the studied representations [18]. Interestingly, the role of the hippocampus in bridging representations across time does not appear to be limited to episodic ...
... the magnitude of this hippocampal subsequent memory effect has been shown to increase with the degree of spatiotemporal discontinuity between the studied representations [18]. Interestingly, the role of the hippocampus in bridging representations across time does not appear to be limited to episodic ...
The role of attention in binding visual features in working memory
... memory array, irrespective of location. Incorrect colour –shape conjunctions were created by errantly combining a colour and shape that were present in the initial memory array (cf. Wheeler & Treisman, 2002). Participants continued to repeat or count until this key-press response had been made. The ...
... memory array, irrespective of location. Incorrect colour –shape conjunctions were created by errantly combining a colour and shape that were present in the initial memory array (cf. Wheeler & Treisman, 2002). Participants continued to repeat or count until this key-press response had been made. The ...
Distinct neuroanatomical bases of episodic and semantic memory
... Richmond, 2001). Recent human cognitive neuroscientific studies support this account. For example, Taylor et al. (2006) observed greater PRC activity when healthy participants performed a crossmodal integration task with features belonging to living things (e.g., a picture of a cat and the sound ‘‘me ...
... Richmond, 2001). Recent human cognitive neuroscientific studies support this account. For example, Taylor et al. (2006) observed greater PRC activity when healthy participants performed a crossmodal integration task with features belonging to living things (e.g., a picture of a cat and the sound ‘‘me ...
The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog
... which the use of simple animal models, particularly invertebrate ones, was least likely to succeed. They argued that only higher animals exhibit interesting forms of learning and that these forms require neuronal organizations and neuronal mechanisms qualitatively different from those found in simpl ...
... which the use of simple animal models, particularly invertebrate ones, was least likely to succeed. They argued that only higher animals exhibit interesting forms of learning and that these forms require neuronal organizations and neuronal mechanisms qualitatively different from those found in simpl ...
Bayesian Retrieval In Associative Memories With Storage Errors
... framework for retrieval, we must first outline what is known about the power of existing associative memory models. Capacity results in this area are notoriously confusing, because many different measures of capacity have been employed in many different ways. Autoassociative memories only provide ne ...
... framework for retrieval, we must first outline what is known about the power of existing associative memory models. Capacity results in this area are notoriously confusing, because many different measures of capacity have been employed in many different ways. Autoassociative memories only provide ne ...
Park et al. (2001) Neuropsychologia
... – Utilization and imitative behavior – Lhermitte (1983; 1986) showed that px with frontal lobe damage tended to rely excessively on perceptual input and show imitative and utilization behavior – E.g., px pick up pencil on doctor’s table, and perform actions that were socially odd – e.g., came in doc ...
... – Utilization and imitative behavior – Lhermitte (1983; 1986) showed that px with frontal lobe damage tended to rely excessively on perceptual input and show imitative and utilization behavior – E.g., px pick up pencil on doctor’s table, and perform actions that were socially odd – e.g., came in doc ...
The Influence of Odor and Emotion on Memory
... (Willander & Larsson, 2006). Another study found that along with being able to recall the most autobiographical memories, the most vivid memories, and the most important memories from the time in their life when they were ten to thirty years old, older adults were also able to accurately remember fa ...
... (Willander & Larsson, 2006). Another study found that along with being able to recall the most autobiographical memories, the most vivid memories, and the most important memories from the time in their life when they were ten to thirty years old, older adults were also able to accurately remember fa ...
solomon_cb08_03
... • Memory: acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed ...
... • Memory: acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed ...
The Frontal Cortex and Working with Memory
... but spared procedural learning and memory that could be applied when subsequently tested on either maze A or B. In contrast, the FC-lesioned group had good memory for the salient maze A-learning experience, but were unable to use that memory in a flexible, strategic way that would enable savings on ...
... but spared procedural learning and memory that could be applied when subsequently tested on either maze A or B. In contrast, the FC-lesioned group had good memory for the salient maze A-learning experience, but were unable to use that memory in a flexible, strategic way that would enable savings on ...
1 Behavioral Dynamics of Episodic Memory
... yellow. I remember the movement of our neighbor’s cat as it ran out of our way, and I remember how Ollie barked and ran toward the neighbor’s cat. As demonstrated by this example, the term episodic memory refers to the memory of specific events occurring at a specific place and time. In this book, t ...
... yellow. I remember the movement of our neighbor’s cat as it ran out of our way, and I remember how Ollie barked and ran toward the neighbor’s cat. As demonstrated by this example, the term episodic memory refers to the memory of specific events occurring at a specific place and time. In this book, t ...
Mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information
... cortices, and most studies were carried out using highly familiar stimuli, including letters, words, simple objects and spatial locations [26]. Surprisingly, these early fMRI studies of working memory did not report activity within parahippocampal regions such as perirhinal or entorhinal cortex, alt ...
... cortices, and most studies were carried out using highly familiar stimuli, including letters, words, simple objects and spatial locations [26]. Surprisingly, these early fMRI studies of working memory did not report activity within parahippocampal regions such as perirhinal or entorhinal cortex, alt ...
Neural Global Pattern Similarity Underlies True and False Memories
... to index memory strength. The use of right versus left hand for old versus new response was counterbalanced across participants. In total, 108 words (36 target words, 36 critical lures, and 36 foils) were presented over three scanning sessions, and the order was pseudorandomized. Following the proce ...
... to index memory strength. The use of right versus left hand for old versus new response was counterbalanced across participants. In total, 108 words (36 target words, 36 critical lures, and 36 foils) were presented over three scanning sessions, and the order was pseudorandomized. Following the proce ...
Transient Storage of a Tactile Memory Trace in Primary
... Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for experiments using TMS. Subjects felt two 1000-msec-long vibrations, separated by a 1500 msec retention interval during which they received a single pulse of TMS. TMS was delivered either 300, 600, 900, or 1200 msec after the end of the first vibration (1200, 90 ...
... Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for experiments using TMS. Subjects felt two 1000-msec-long vibrations, separated by a 1500 msec retention interval during which they received a single pulse of TMS. TMS was delivered either 300, 600, 900, or 1200 msec after the end of the first vibration (1200, 90 ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... of the night, and vice versa for NREM sleep, it is hypothesised that a difference in performance in the recall would be due to the effects of the two types of sleep. In one study, a double dissociation was shown: NREM sleep in early sleep improved declarative memory performance, while REM sleep in l ...
... of the night, and vice versa for NREM sleep, it is hypothesised that a difference in performance in the recall would be due to the effects of the two types of sleep. In one study, a double dissociation was shown: NREM sleep in early sleep improved declarative memory performance, while REM sleep in l ...
Learning, Memory, & Thinking
... • Automatic processing: information encoded with little effort, ex: remembering how to get to your next class. • Effortful processing: information that can only be remembered with effort and attention, ex: most school work Rehearsal is often helpful. In some cases, the rehearsal turns effortful proc ...
... • Automatic processing: information encoded with little effort, ex: remembering how to get to your next class. • Effortful processing: information that can only be remembered with effort and attention, ex: most school work Rehearsal is often helpful. In some cases, the rehearsal turns effortful proc ...
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
The Atkinson–Shiffrin model (also known as the multi-store model or modal model) is a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. The model asserts that human memory has three separate components: a sensory register, where sensory information enters memory, a short-term store, also called working memory or short-term memory, which receives and holds input from both the sensory register and the long-term store, and a long-term store, where information which has been rehearsed (explained below) in the short-term store is held indefinitely.Since its first publication this model has come under much scrutiny and has been criticized for various reasons (described below). However, it is notable for the significant influence it had in stimulating subsequent memory research.